Amargasaurus, the spiny short-necked Sauropod Dinosaur from South America

Ғылым және технология

When we look back through time, we see many avenues of evolution that we consider strange, for we do not tend to see such things in our day to day lives; however, strange is what life is all about, trying new things, getting to know the environment, striving to reach the top rungs of the jungle gym of life. The Mesozoic, and all the different forms of Dinosaurs were no different, and they produced their fair share of oddities, one of which had a spectacular protrusion from its neck, the “Bitter Reptile from La Amarga” Amargasaurus!
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RESEARCH
Paul, Gregory S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-1-78684-190-2. OCLC 985402380.
Rauhut, O. W. M.; Remes, K.; Fechner, R.; Cladera, G.; Puerta, P. (2005). "Discovery of a short-necked sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period of Patagonia". Nature. 435 (7042): 670-672. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..670R. doi:10.1038/nature03623. PMID 15931221. S2CID 4385136.
Salgado, L.; Bonaparte, J. F. (1991). "Un nuevo sauropodo Dicraeosauridae, Amargasaurus cazaui gen. et sp. nov., de la Formacion La Amarga, Neocomiano de la Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina". Ameghiniana (in Spanish). 28 (3-4): 333-346.
Gallina, P.A.; Apesteguía, S.; Canale, J.I.; Haluza, A. (2019). "A new long-spined dinosaur from Patagonia sheds light on sauropod defense system". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 1392. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.1392G. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37943-3. PMC 6362061. PMID 30718633.
Bailey, J. B. (1997). "Neural spine elongation in dinosaurs: sailbacks or buffalo-backs?". Journal of Paleontology. 71 (6): 1124-1146. doi:10.1017/S0022336000036076. JSTOR 1306608. S2CID 130861276.
Salgado, L.; Calvo, J. O. (1992). "Cranial osteology of Amargasaurus cazaui Salgado and Bonaparte (Sauropoda, Dicraeosauridae) from the Neocomian of Patagonia". Ameghiniana. 29 (4): 337-346.
Salgado, L. (1999). "The macroevolution of the Diplodocimorpha (Dinosauria; Sauropoda): A developmental model". Ameghiniana. 36 (2): 203-216.
Bonaparte, J.F. (1981). "Jurassic and Cretaceous terrestrial vertebrates of South America". National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1975 Projects: 115-125.
Schwarz, D.; Frey, E.; Meyer, C. A. (2007). "Pneumaticity and soft-tissue reconstructions in the neck of diplodocid and dicraeosaurid sauropods" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 52 (1). Archived (PDF) from the original on November 3, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
Paulina Carabajal, A.; Carballido, J.L.; Currie, P.J. (2014). "Braincase, neuroanatomy, and neck posture of Amargasaurus cazaui (Sauropoda, Dicraeosauridae) and its implications for understanding head posture in sauropods". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (4): 870-882. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.838174. hdl:11336/19365. S2CID 85748606.
Mazzetta, G.V.; Farina, R.A. (1999). "Estimacion de la capacidad atlética de Amargasaurus cazaui Salgado y Bonaparte, 1991, y Carnotaurus sastrei Bonaparte, 1985 (Saurischia, Sauropoda-Theropoda)". Ameghiniana (in Spanish). 36 (1): 105-106.
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Hashtags - #dinosaur #nature #science
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Пікірлер: 95

  • @mucanan
    @mucanan5 ай бұрын

    Love both Amargasaurus and Bajadasaurus

  • @EnzoDraws
    @EnzoDraws5 ай бұрын

    José Bonaparte was a goddamn legend. I remember having some dinosaur books that mentioned who each species was discovered by and as a kid I was like "who IS this guy and why is he LITERALLY EVERYWHERE?"

  • @patreekotime4578
    @patreekotime45785 ай бұрын

    The Jar-Jar-asaurus reconstruction @8:25 gave me cold sweats.

  • @Flufux

    @Flufux

    5 ай бұрын

    To be fair, Jar-Jar's design was based partially on a dinosaur.

  • @Kurotitan7125
    @Kurotitan71255 ай бұрын

    Such an underrated Sauropod. I feel bad for its inclusion in the Dino survival game Path of Titans because it literally cannot defend itself because of how weak it is

  • @dogezillathelegendary2695

    @dogezillathelegendary2695

    5 ай бұрын

    It got buffed it can get away from Rexes now with knock back. It can fight every other 3 slot

  • @jonaswerner8480

    @jonaswerner8480

    5 ай бұрын

    @@dogezillathelegendary2695 Thats kinda the problem It is fantasticly balanced against all the mid tier dinos But as soon as 1 apex shows up......

  • @WingedFish66

    @WingedFish66

    5 ай бұрын

    It definitely needs more (stomp REALLY needs bone break for example, it'd be so helpful for dealing with apexes) but tail gaining a lot of knockback is a step in the right direction. Fought an Amarg on my Hatze yesterday near water and the knockback was so much that it flung me far into the water and ended up killing me as a result

  • @birbdad1842

    @birbdad1842

    5 ай бұрын

    Always with the underrated bs lmao. Why does everything need to be rated? 😂 Besides, its one of the more well known sauropods. These types of comments man.

  • @jonaswerner8480

    @jonaswerner8480

    5 ай бұрын

    @@WingedFish66 I dont think bb will help against apexes The last thing you wanna do with Amarga is to present your head to them The damage you recive is just to much

  • @alexanderrow7565
    @alexanderrow75655 ай бұрын

    I love the Ermahgerdsaurus

  • @retard_activated

    @retard_activated

    5 ай бұрын

    😂

  • @thaliazelmer2327
    @thaliazelmer23275 ай бұрын

    I am always impressed by your attention to detail in all things. Including how carefully you pronounce place names, people and animal names. You tackle them head on with careful enunciation. I agree wholeheartedly that differences in pronunciation are irrelevant and critics should do their own channels if they believe they can do better. Funny story (embarrassing in fact!). Me at 18 (more than 40 years ago) went off to university. Before this I was raised in remote northern regions in Western Canada. I volunteered for the Uni radio station. I had never heard of Bruce Cockburn. You can imagine how I announced his name to my audience lol.

  • @EDGEscience

    @EDGEscience

    5 ай бұрын

    Wait...how is Cockburn *supposed* to be pronounced?

  • @SarastistheSerpent

    @SarastistheSerpent

    5 ай бұрын

    @@EDGEsciencekoh-bern

  • @EDGEscience

    @EDGEscience

    5 ай бұрын

    That's legitimately braindead. Why would they spell it so wrong?

  • @mathieuleader8601
    @mathieuleader86015 ай бұрын

    this sauropod loves the punk scene

  • @JAGzilla-ur3lh
    @JAGzilla-ur3lh5 ай бұрын

    Here's an offering for the algorithm gods. I'll be back to actually watch the video soon!

  • @jurassicswine
    @jurassicswine5 ай бұрын

    I love this guy. I think both the sail and spiny look are cool.

  • @RosalinaDeAnda

    @RosalinaDeAnda

    5 ай бұрын

    Nice to see you here to Jurassicswine.

  • @HSPGelton2
    @HSPGelton25 ай бұрын

    "Flesh-cream" is the best thing I've heard all week...

  • @Morrison-saber-tooth
    @Morrison-saber-tooth5 ай бұрын

    Amargasaurus was one the first sauropods i'v ever know(the first one was diplodocus)

  • @TheFoshaMan
    @TheFoshaMan5 ай бұрын

    6:25 "Amargou" I love your accent xD

  • @Tallacus
    @Tallacus5 ай бұрын

    It's my favorite sauropod

  • @JAGzilla-ur3lh
    @JAGzilla-ur3lh5 ай бұрын

    There's no way those spines weren't intended mostly for mating-related displays. Almost any time an animal has some awkward, over-the-top feature like that, display is the reason. They might have served a secondary function as defensive weapons, but they really don't look optimized for it.

  • @NilasJunkyard
    @NilasJunkyard5 ай бұрын

    Love how you used PoT footage :) Decent Game

  • @michaelbuono4007
    @michaelbuono40075 ай бұрын

    Feels like this video was meant to come out awhile ago

  • @kevinavila9489
    @kevinavila94895 ай бұрын

    Here we go boys

  • @tehpronoob7380
    @tehpronoob73805 ай бұрын

    Talk about timing. I *just* heard of this fantastical looking dinosaur and I just had to know more about it

  • @reeyees50
    @reeyees505 ай бұрын

    Love your videos edge, appreciate the extra long content lately

  • @c.jackson275
    @c.jackson2755 ай бұрын

    This was a great factual educated documentry

  • @dragonfox2.058
    @dragonfox2.0585 ай бұрын

    Good stuff, Edge 👍🏼

  • @johnshields6852
    @johnshields68525 ай бұрын

    Great commentary, when I think about the eons of time it reminds me how insignificant I am and how short my life really is, dust in the wind

  • @retard_activated
    @retard_activated5 ай бұрын

    One of my personal favorites! 😍😍😍 Thank you always for your wonderful presentations. 💖

  • @aeyelashbug6311
    @aeyelashbug63115 ай бұрын

    Amargasaurus is my favorite dinosaur

  • @RosalinaDeAnda
    @RosalinaDeAnda5 ай бұрын

    Amazing channel, I personally believe that Amargasaurus migth have had keratin sheeths but with a slight sail-like structure on each row but on the back it had a bison-like hump. I personally seem more convinced on this theory since the evidence presented by multiple sources seems to imply this. I personally think that the spines could have been used as a display to attract potential partners and to intiminate rivals. The spines could have also been used as a defence mechanism yet this is very contriversal since the spines migth have been very fragile meaning that they migth break in combat. I personally think we need more research and evidence to even come up with a final answer but only time will tell how much Amargasaurus will change.

  • @nero9506
    @nero95065 ай бұрын

    Incredible video like always! Just a small correction, in Italian the "double L" is pronounced exactly like a "stronger" L (like in Sully for example), not the "J" or "Y" sound from Spanish. Also, the letter "i" is pronounced as the I in, well, "in". So it would be "S-oo-ll-eh or-meh deh-ee dee-no-sa-ooree"

  • @vinny184

    @vinny184

    5 ай бұрын

    the gli in italian is the equivalent of ll in spanish

  • @carolynallisee2463
    @carolynallisee24635 ай бұрын

    I was listening to this when a previous thought I'd had rose up for consideration again. It has to do with the number of dinosaur species that have crests and/or sails. There has been a lot of debate about these adornments and their purpose over the years. No one can agree what they were for, with various reasons, such as thermoregulation popping up frequently, then being dismissed. Crests and sails have cropped up in every group of land vertebrates since the amphibians ( birds crests being composed entirely of feathers) including stem-mammals. What makes the presence of these crests and sails so strange is that whilst some species have well developed ones, other, closely related species have far smaller ones, and more related species, none at all. so, what was my thought? One of the possible functions of these adornments is for 'species recognition'. This is often mentioned quickly, and lumped together with 'mating displays', as if it really isn't all that important. Perhaps to us humans, it isn't, but to the animals now and then , it is, and was, all but everything. So why state the obvious? Well, we appear to be overlooking parallels in our own modern world. Ducks, for the most part, have almost identical body plans, from species to species, but their plumage, specifically, their colours, is anything but. To be sure, the females are often very drab, but the males, whilst rarely brightly coloured, sport some complicated colour patterns. A female duck would have to be almost blind not to distinguish a male of her species from the males of the others that are nearby. Then there are the guenon monkeys of central western Africa. Again, an animal group with almost identical body plans, living in the same habitat. Yet their fur markings are radically different, going from species to species, especially when it comes to their faces. So, if mammals adorn themselves with fanciful colours to give their species a unique ID, and brids do it with their feathers, even more spectacularly in some cases, why not their distant ancient cousins, the dinosaurs. If what I suspect is true, and that hadrosaur and ceratopsian lived side by side in the same habitats with other species of theri kind, Wouldn't it help explain why these groups had elaborate head crests (and with the ceratopsians, fantastic horn arrangements)? Undoubtedly, these things would be wonderfully patterned and coloured to enhance the effects. With so many dicraeosaur species living in the same habitat at about the same time, it makes sense that some would have something on them that would make them stand out to other members of their species. This does not in any way mean that there might have been other purposes for the crests, sails and so on, but it might explain why quite a number of them were so flamboyant!

  • @farkasmactavish
    @farkasmactavish5 ай бұрын

    [echoes of Lindsay Nicole's "the spinosaurus fandom scates the shit out of me" short]

  • @eybaza6018
    @eybaza60185 ай бұрын

    I hope more stuff from the early Cretaceous of Gondwana gets named.It's sad most ecosystems don't get the extensive reasearch of Morrison or Hell Creek

  • @pickles3128
    @pickles31285 ай бұрын

    Anyone else think the thumbnail was some weird looking protceratopsid with one giant horn (that's actually it's leg.)

  • @Whateverhasbeenmynameforyears
    @Whateverhasbeenmynameforyears5 ай бұрын

    Carnotaurus and Amargasaurus both come from the same formation? and are both especially complete? Is there more exceptionally complete dinos in this formation?

  • @Andrey.Ivanov

    @Andrey.Ivanov

    5 ай бұрын

    They do not come from the same formation. Amargasaurus is from La Amarga Formation, while Carnotaurus is from La Colonia Formation. Amargasaurus lived atleast 50 million years before Carnotaurus. There's not much complete stuff from Carnotaurus's formation aside from it, there were some turtles, plesiosaurs, a few mammals and several undescribed fragmentary dinosaurs. Amargasaurus is also exceptional for its formation. We know it lived alongside some other dinosaurs, mostly sauropods such as Amargatitanis and Zapalasaurus. There was also a small abelisauroid theropod and a few other small vertebrates.

  • @Whateverhasbeenmynameforyears

    @Whateverhasbeenmynameforyears

    5 ай бұрын

    @@Andrey.Ivanov Thanks for clearing up my confusion. I guess I miss understood.

  • @elnovillomapuchedehomerus2412

    @elnovillomapuchedehomerus2412

    5 ай бұрын

    Boths were found at the same time

  • @napalmholocaust9093
    @napalmholocaust90935 ай бұрын

    Whatever the horn shape, if it has a core it is round and porous. Even in a square ram horn it is round, at most oval. Should be easy to recognize. The sheath prevents predators from getting to it also, so there should be no damage from being chewed when in-situ articulation suggests a swift burial.

  • @pedrogabrielduarte4544
    @pedrogabrielduarte45445 ай бұрын

    How Many times has this dinosaur appeared in media?

  • @elmohead
    @elmohead5 ай бұрын

    My fav dino

  • @takenname8053
    @takenname80535 ай бұрын

    It is quite odd that there are no living animals with long and spiny necks.

  • @elnovillomapuchedehomerus2412

    @elnovillomapuchedehomerus2412

    5 ай бұрын

    That's because theropods who were tall and big and specialized in attacking the neck from above no longer exist so evolution has no interest (for now) into developing long neck animals with spikes on them (for now)

  • @RachieCakes101
    @RachieCakes1015 ай бұрын

    Path of titans 😊

  • @charlesmartin1121
    @charlesmartin11215 ай бұрын

    If there were two parallel closely spaced sails over the neck, can you imagine all the detritus that would have gotten stuck inbetween them? Yuck.

  • @akd8525

    @akd8525

    5 ай бұрын

    Pretty clear from the art that this evolved to better store turtles, or at least to make sure turtles didn’t fall off.

  • @luigiconder6113

    @luigiconder6113

    5 ай бұрын

    Because Amargasaurus obviously never went in the water & modern animals never get any detritus themselves* 🙄

  • @charlesmartin1121

    @charlesmartin1121

    5 ай бұрын

    @@luigiconder6113 And you could have made those points without the snark.

  • @luigiconder6113

    @luigiconder6113

    5 ай бұрын

    @@charlesmartin1121 🙄

  • @yissibiiyte

    @yissibiiyte

    5 ай бұрын

    ​@@luigiconder6113did you consider that no modern animals have a structure that is anything like the proposed amargasaurus double sail? Such a shape would be very conducive to detritus accumulation, unlike any modern animal structures.

  • @HidalinaB
    @HidalinaB4 ай бұрын

    Good day. Love your channel. Being 15 and a big reptile and dinosaur’s aficionado. Triceratops vs ankylosaurus who wins I know these are animals not monsters but we seen animals did fight each other like rhino,water buffalo,hippo,and elephants . Who would win.

  • @Infernoraptor
    @Infernoraptor5 ай бұрын

    What was that about Argentina having the 6th most known dino species?! Wow, I knew was a badass, but Ihad no idea he was THAT good. (Anyone know where I can find the rest of that list? I assume the US is 1st because of the Bone Wars and China is probably pretty high as well. No idea beyond that, though.)

  • @MrWanapon
    @MrWanapon5 ай бұрын

    33:26 a stegosaur? in South America?

  • @UnofficialJurassicWorldYT

    @UnofficialJurassicWorldYT

    5 ай бұрын

    Yep Amargastegos is real But fragmentary just like later Dravidosaurus and Maastriction Kallamedu Stegosaur

  • @MrWanapon

    @MrWanapon

    5 ай бұрын

    @@UnofficialJurassicWorldYT okay

  • @LBobo
    @LBobo5 ай бұрын

    I prefer the airsack/keratin sheath theory. The spikes could be used as a defence/mating display. The argument that they would've been poor weapons and injury would damage the spinal cord, while true, still doesn't rule out that these spikes would've also wounded the attacker severly resulting in kind of a stalemate. They didn't need to be sturdy because most predators wouldn't have taken the risk and simply avoided biting down on a row of pointy spikes. Amargasaurus simply had to show the spikes, not 'use' them. A sail or hump seems very cumbersome and restrictive, especially when looking at Bajadasaurus, that had the curved spines.

  • @EDGEscience

    @EDGEscience

    5 ай бұрын

    Evolution usually doesn't work strategically like this. If something evolves that has the potential for extreme damage or death if broken, it probably won't last long in a population over time. It would be maladaptive.

  • @LBobo

    @LBobo

    5 ай бұрын

    @@EDGEscience true but sauropod necks (especially when the animals are that small) were always a weak spot for injury so I can imagine evolving spikes could have been advantageous.

  • @EDGEscience

    @EDGEscience

    5 ай бұрын

    True, but a sail or hump would make the neck look just as unwieldy to attack.

  • @TheTopHatNerd-sz7dp
    @TheTopHatNerd-sz7dp3 ай бұрын

    Hey do you think that they shed their spines?

  • @EDGEscience

    @EDGEscience

    3 ай бұрын

    No, it's made of bone.

  • @TheTopHatNerd-sz7dp

    @TheTopHatNerd-sz7dp

    3 ай бұрын

    @@EDGEscience yah, thought so (it was a stupid question anyways)

  • @EDGEscience

    @EDGEscience

    3 ай бұрын

    They would've shed the keratin sheath taht covered the bone though!

  • @TheTopHatNerd-sz7dp

    @TheTopHatNerd-sz7dp

    3 ай бұрын

    @@EDGEscience hmm perhaps

  • @Kargoneth
    @Kargoneth5 ай бұрын

    Bitter reptile? Hmm...

  • @solidraven6986
    @solidraven69864 ай бұрын

    In ark those spines are missles lol maybe theu were use in the way in real life lol

  • @SpecialSoldier109
    @SpecialSoldier1095 ай бұрын

    EDGE do you play Path of Titans? Also we all know that the answer is thermoregulation. Its always thermoregulation😂

  • @Algrenion
    @Algrenion5 ай бұрын

    you call it "Amargasaurus", i call it "Baby" with a capital B we are not the same.

  • @nita7703
    @nita77035 ай бұрын

    As always Argentina showing why we are the world champions on everything

  • @timetraveler1973
    @timetraveler19735 ай бұрын

    i bet that thing taste like chicken

  • @miguelisaurusbruh1158
    @miguelisaurusbruh11585 ай бұрын

    i still don't know how i should draw him for my book

  • @yanceyricks2601

    @yanceyricks2601

    5 ай бұрын

    Why not add a note of the ambiguity of the creature and draw multiple versions, either in a side view “slideshow” or have the different versions interacting in a landscape, or have one looking in a mirror (or pond) seeing another version? Just some suggestions, not sure what type of book your rolling with.

  • @canis2020

    @canis2020

    5 ай бұрын

    Have you tried pen and paper? I really like the look of tactile art

  • @miguelisaurusbruh1158

    @miguelisaurusbruh1158

    5 ай бұрын

    @@canis2020 i'm not talking about that xd

  • @miguelisaurusbruh1158

    @miguelisaurusbruh1158

    5 ай бұрын

    @@yanceyricks2601 yeah but i should decide on a compromise since that's what the format of my book entails, depicting them in their habitat along other species

  • @yanceyricks2601

    @yanceyricks2601

    5 ай бұрын

    @@miguelisaurusbruh1158 perhaps hybridize certain designs?

  • @GenghisDon1970
    @GenghisDon19704 ай бұрын

    get on brachytrachelopan! enough with letting haters run you off. take care of you, then come back to making awesome videos with extra nerd detail

  • @Nanuqsaurslikespaleo
    @Nanuqsaurslikespaleo5 ай бұрын

    Bro the way you pronunced "sulle orme dei dinosauri"😭😭 yall americans are weird in terms of pronunciation

  • @EDGEscience

    @EDGEscience

    5 ай бұрын

    Not really. Everyone sucks at languages that are not their own.

  • @Nanuqsaurslikespaleo

    @Nanuqsaurslikespaleo

    4 ай бұрын

    ​@@EDGEscience well,you're right sir

  • @eewilson9835
    @eewilson98355 ай бұрын

    You don't know that these don't still exist.

  • @EDGEscience

    @EDGEscience

    5 ай бұрын

    No one knows anything for absolute certainty. Reality is dealing various levels of probability.

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