Abso-b████y-lutely: Expletive Infixation

There are rules in the English language that you've probably never been taught, but you know anyway: how to split apart words with "infixes". But you've never been taught it because some of those infixes are words you probably shouldn't use in front of your high school English teachers...
Written with Molly Ruhl and Gretchen McCulloch. Gretchen's podcast Lingthusiasm is at lingthusiasm.com/ - and there are two bonus episodes, #1 and #13, on the podcast Patreon about exactly this!
Gretchen's book BECAUSE INTERNET, all about the evolution of internet language, is available:
🇺🇸 US: amzn.to/30tLpjT
🇨🇦 CA: amzn.to/2JsTYWH
🇬🇧 UK: amzn.to/31K8eRD
(Those are affiliate links that give a commission to me or Gretchen, depending on country!)
Graphics by William Marler: wmad.co.uk
Audio mix by Graham Haerther: haerther.net
REFERENCES:
IPSOS Mori / Ofcom (2016). Attitudes to potentially offensive language and gestures on TV and radio. www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/asset... [PDF]
Vittrant, A., Watkins, J., & Matisoff, J. (2018). The mainland southeast Asia linguistic area. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbHMouton.
Ringe, D. (2006). From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic. Oxford: OUP Oxford.Ljung, M. (2011). Swearing: A cross-cultural linguistic study. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire ; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ljung, M. (2011). Swearing: A cross-cultural linguistic study. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire ; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
McCawley, J. D., & Zwicky, A. M. (1992). Studies Out in Left Field: Defamatory Essays Presented to James D. McCawley on the Occasion of His 33rd or 34th Birthday. John Benjamins Publishing Co.
McMillan, J. (1980). Infixing and Interposing in English. American Speech, 55(3), 163-183
Zwicky, A., & Pullum, G. (1987). Plain Morphology and Expressive Morphology. Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 13, 330.
Aronoff, M. (1976). Word formation in generative grammar. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
McCarthy, J. (1982). Prosodic structure and Expletive Infixation. Language, 58(3), 574.
McMillan, J. (1980). Infixing and Interposing in English. American Speech, 55(3), 163-183
Zwicky, A., & Pullum, G. (1987). Plain Morphology and Expressive Morphology. Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 13, 330.
🟥 MORE FROM TOM: www.tomscott.com/
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Пікірлер: 4 100

  • @TomScottGo
    @TomScottGo4 жыл бұрын

    This had to be filmed against a home green-screen in my tiny 90-square-foot flat, so apologies if the picture and sound aren't quite as sharp as usual. And yes, I regret not getting a haircut before lockdown.

  • @admiral3849

    @admiral3849

    4 жыл бұрын

    wait a minute

  • @theoweiss2883

    @theoweiss2883

    4 жыл бұрын

    The compression is killing us!

  • @Rahat-tw8vg

    @Rahat-tw8vg

    4 жыл бұрын

    4 days ago

  • @BobSilverstein13

    @BobSilverstein13

    4 жыл бұрын

    The video was uploaded and left as private until it was officially released today, that's how the comment was posted before we saw the video, stop asking.

  • @mobiljetoil

    @mobiljetoil

    4 жыл бұрын

    Walter

  • @oliverwilson11
    @oliverwilson114 жыл бұрын

    "Bloody" will be a slur that robots use to insult biological humans

  • @yondaime500

    @yondaime500

    4 жыл бұрын

    In Alita: Battle Angel, the cyborgs use the term "meat boy". I guess they can't use "bloody" since they also have blood.

  • @joshuahadams

    @joshuahadams

    4 жыл бұрын

    yondaime500 Taking notes from HK-47 I guess

  • @Mic_Glow

    @Mic_Glow

    4 жыл бұрын

    I think the correct term is meat sack. Or "organic". Which already sounds a bit iffy.

  • @heinzke8512

    @heinzke8512

    4 жыл бұрын

    Meatbag

  • @rute_awakening

    @rute_awakening

    4 жыл бұрын

    SQUISHIES

  • @lazaraleksandrov2808
    @lazaraleksandrov28083 жыл бұрын

    "Fortunately, I am British" is the single most Tom Scott sentence ever, apart from "[...]you'd have to charter a plane. So I chartered a plane!"

  • @maythe15015

    @maythe15015

    3 жыл бұрын

    Wait what video is that from

  • @lazaraleksandrov2808

    @lazaraleksandrov2808

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@maythe15015 the one about the most northern bit of Iceland

  • @user-tl8rk6pb6k

    @user-tl8rk6pb6k

    3 жыл бұрын

    From another video about the Eiffel tower or something: "To make matters more complicated, I am British."

  • @pkobalt

    @pkobalt

    3 жыл бұрын

    "So I booked a flight to Tokyo"

  • @christiancoyle8481

    @christiancoyle8481

    2 жыл бұрын

    Don’t forget “oh no, I am a missile!” From the one about GPSs

  • @theoriginalshew
    @theoriginalshew3 жыл бұрын

    Tom calls them "expletive infixations", I call them" sentence enhancers"

  • @Ant42Lee

    @Ant42Lee

    3 жыл бұрын

    How the *dolphin noise* are ya?

  • @WiiUniverse

    @WiiUniverse

    3 жыл бұрын

    pfp checks out

  • @mistermoee

    @mistermoee

    3 жыл бұрын

    Makes anything better, or worse.

  • @ikilledaman

    @ikilledaman

    3 жыл бұрын

    Haha spongebob

  • @andersenzheng

    @andersenzheng

    3 жыл бұрын

    i call them 'stralia

  • @drunkshinx960
    @drunkshinx9603 жыл бұрын

    My favorite example is "gosh friggin' darn it" because you are putting an expletive inside of another expletive.

  • @jamesharding3459

    @jamesharding3459

    2 жыл бұрын

    I have never heard someone layer more expletives than a Master Sergeant who dropped a heavy object on his foot

  • @rhapsodyaria

    @rhapsodyaria

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@jamesharding3459 You evidently haven't heard my roommate playing Super Monkey Ball Banana Mania, a game which causes her to use some words I will not say here.

  • @jamesharding3459

    @jamesharding3459

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@rhapsodyaria I’ll believe someone can top MSG Hyde’s profane vocabulary when I see it.

  • @unfunnyperson7550

    @unfunnyperson7550

    2 жыл бұрын

    oh gosh ur right

  • @TheCostantinus

    @TheCostantinus

    2 жыл бұрын

    Fan-gosh-friggin'-darn-tastic!

  • @FISHSTlCKS
    @FISHSTlCKS4 жыл бұрын

    Tom: I don’t wanna swear just incase your parents don’t like swearing Also Tom: hey kids go try swearing yourself!

  • @Corbald

    @Corbald

    4 жыл бұрын

    Shifting the blame is A-O-Friggin'-K in my book!

  • @locabal8354

    @locabal8354

    4 жыл бұрын

    swearing is a fan-fu'king-tastic expression.

  • @locabal8354

    @locabal8354

    4 жыл бұрын

    swearing is a fan-fu'king-tastic expression.

  • @Colopty

    @Colopty

    4 жыл бұрын

    And remember to do it as loudly as you can. If your parents complain, say it's educational.

  • @brady50429

    @brady50429

    4 жыл бұрын

    What about the n word that's my favorite

  • @Foxinthetree
    @Foxinthetree4 жыл бұрын

    I can't imagine what it would be like to hear Tom Scott angrily swear.

  • @TempestCrown

    @TempestCrown

    4 жыл бұрын

    I'd pay a patreon for that

  • @Sam-fq3bt

    @Sam-fq3bt

    4 жыл бұрын

    Foxinthetree You can probably find something like that in Citation Needed

  • @trapbuilder2283

    @trapbuilder2283

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Sam-fq3bt It'll be censored though

  • @skyluke9476

    @skyluke9476

    4 жыл бұрын

    it would be fanfuckingtastic

  • @Ouba1

    @Ouba1

    4 жыл бұрын

    Abso-bloody-lutely

  • @anawkwardsweetpotato4728
    @anawkwardsweetpotato47284 жыл бұрын

    Tom shouting "Raining!" is the quality content we all need daily in our lives right now.

  • @kornsuwin

    @kornsuwin

    4 жыл бұрын

    An Awkward Sweet Potato Raining!

  • @spiyder

    @spiyder

    3 жыл бұрын

    2:09 btw for anybody that what’s it too

  • @Pmf95k

    @Pmf95k

    3 жыл бұрын

    The loudest Tom can be

  • @KarateLauren

    @KarateLauren

    3 жыл бұрын

    Petition to only shout "RAINING" when it's raining outside

  • @theblackwidower

    @theblackwidower

    3 жыл бұрын

    I know I'm tired because seeing Tom shout 'RAINING' just broke me.

  • @vartin3276
    @vartin32763 жыл бұрын

    "Isacc God-damn Newton" sounds like something someone would say whenever physics inconveniences them

  • @BlueMiaou

    @BlueMiaou

    2 жыл бұрын

    "Isaac god-damn Newton!" -anime girls, probably

  • @ijustdocomments6777

    @ijustdocomments6777

    2 жыл бұрын

    If Walter White had been a physics teacher, instead of a chemistry teacher.

  • @GumSkyloard

    @GumSkyloard

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@BlueMiaou Nichijou in a nutshell.

  • @londonalicante

    @londonalicante

    Жыл бұрын

    Like Samuel L Jackson on a plane thats about to crash.

  • @hwgoblin

    @hwgoblin

    Жыл бұрын

    Or they're pissed at Newton for making calculus a thing... we've all been there.

  • @JoeBob79569
    @JoeBob795694 жыл бұрын

    I think _"Issac god-damn Newton"_ is probably used mostly by students, and flatearthers. And also maybe apple pickers..

  • @headcanon6408

    @headcanon6408

    3 жыл бұрын

    It's actually the most common phrase heard in college physics classes. Don't google that though, just trust me

  • @TomGibson.

    @TomGibson.

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@headcanon6408 until you get to sub atomic particles and their interactions and they tell you everything you were taught last year is a lie, and then the most common phrase is unintelligible screaming

  • @user-ss8yc7bx4l

    @user-ss8yc7bx4l

    3 жыл бұрын

    XD

  • @Jacob-yg7lz

    @Jacob-yg7lz

    3 жыл бұрын

    And Mass Effect characters

  • @BlueMiaou

    @BlueMiaou

    2 жыл бұрын

    "Isaac GOD DAMN Newton could make more use of these apples than I ever will by eating them!" -someone, probably

  • @bandie9101
    @bandie91014 жыл бұрын

    "you were never taught, but you know how it works" - basically all native tongue grammar

  • @selohcin

    @selohcin

    4 жыл бұрын

    KZread comments prove your idea wrong on a daily basis. A shocking number of native English speakers demonstrate very limited ability to articulate their thoughts with anything approaching linguistically correct grammar.

  • @HassanSelim0

    @HassanSelim0

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@selohcin and on the other hand, a lot of non-native english speakers are able to understand these kinds of stuff without studying them, simply because of how common english is in online media/entertainment.

  • @BonaparteBardithion

    @BonaparteBardithion

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@selohcin I think the point here is that scholastically correct grammar is not the same as linguistically correct. ESL students only learn this stuff through exposure, so some pick it up while others don't. Native speakers always pick it up even if they never use it because it's ingrained in every day linguistics. Edit: Arguably, even incorrect internet speak is linguistically correct if a significant number of their peers understands them. Chatspeak is legitimate slang.

  • @santiagos.3673

    @santiagos.3673

    4 жыл бұрын

    now make a video proving it

  • @markmandel6738

    @markmandel6738

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@selohcin Nicholes, you're confusing prescriptive grammar ("This is how you should say it") with descriptive grammar ("This [and maybe also this and this'] is how people say it.) Prescriptive grammar is a social practice for formal language, TAUGHT by teachers because it's artificial. Descriptive grammar is a science, applied by linguists to discover what's actually going on in a language, what native speakers LEARN starting in infancy without ever being taught.

  • @parthanaved3866
    @parthanaved38664 жыл бұрын

    Tom: Bloody *Ronald Bilius Weasley has entered the chat*

  • @matthewmorgan7755

    @matthewmorgan7755

    4 жыл бұрын

    Hilarious

  • @parthanaved3866

    @parthanaved3866

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@matthewmorgan7755 yes.

  • @recoveryemail1046

    @recoveryemail1046

    3 жыл бұрын

    Read another book

  • @derinwithaq5811

    @derinwithaq5811

    3 жыл бұрын

    Ronald bloody Weasley

  • @stefanalexanderlungu1503

    @stefanalexanderlungu1503

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@recoveryemail1046 No

  • @clumbus894
    @clumbus8943 жыл бұрын

    My favorite about weird rules you just "know" is with denonyms. There are a lot of different endings for denonyms, like -ese, -an, -ite, but for some reason if you give an English speaker a name of a country or of a city, or even of a made-up one, you'll usually get one answer.

  • @sydssolanumsamsys

    @sydssolanumsamsys

    Жыл бұрын

    i hadnt thought of those

  • @captaincapitalism9535

    @captaincapitalism9535

    Жыл бұрын

    I think -ite is woefully underutilized as a demonym, same with -ine

  • @firstnext5482

    @firstnext5482

    Жыл бұрын

    I always thought that Greece/Greek was weird in that way. If you didn't know Greece became Greek I don't think that'd be your intuitive guess at the denonym. Also, Vatican City just doesn't get one because it's agreed no one is native to there. Vaticanite would be my go to. Also also I live near Phoenix, Arizona and that becoming Phoenician always felt wrong. It's not wrong but it feels wrong.

  • @conlon4332

    @conlon4332

    9 ай бұрын

    Or like "ish" like English. It's interesting how in German they almost always end in "sch".

  • @junofall

    @junofall

    8 ай бұрын

    Gets difficult with some words, like how the denonym of Jupiter is Jovian.

  • @sanyr80
    @sanyr804 жыл бұрын

    “Fricking flipping gosh darn” - Tom Scott, 2020

  • @cosmosisrose

    @cosmosisrose

    4 жыл бұрын

    He's such an inspiration

  • @Syncromatic

    @Syncromatic

    4 жыл бұрын

    Reminds of of when Ned Flanders lost his house to a tornado

  • @darkmetaOFFICIAL

    @darkmetaOFFICIAL

    4 жыл бұрын

    I'm So Into science when people ask me who's my hero, I proudly tell them: Isaac god damn Newton. 😂

  • @asneakychicken322

    @asneakychicken322

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Syncromatic I said I don't want any damn vegetables!

  • @pokeyy6093

    @pokeyy6093

    4 жыл бұрын

    Made this comment 666 likes 🤐

  • @NoobChester8964
    @NoobChester89644 жыл бұрын

    2:10 in Cantonese we just point out the window and yell "Raining!"

  • @DjokovicIsOurLordAndSaviour

    @DjokovicIsOurLordAndSaviour

    3 жыл бұрын

    Haha.

  • @____soda

    @____soda

    3 жыл бұрын

    As a native Cantonese speaker I can confirm that this is true

  • @ghejnuni

    @ghejnuni

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@____soda so that wasnt a joke?

  • @techhelpportal7778

    @techhelpportal7778

    3 жыл бұрын

    Nah it's 下雨

  • @kjl3080

    @kjl3080

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@ghejnuni no

  • @akimel4028
    @akimel40284 жыл бұрын

    2:09 "It just means we don't have to point out the window and go: RAINING!!!" Bloody brilliant.

  • @Victorsandergamer

    @Victorsandergamer

    3 жыл бұрын

    brilli-bloody-illiant*

  • @MichaelDarrow-tr1mn

    @MichaelDarrow-tr1mn

    4 күн бұрын

    ​@@Victorsandergamerthat's not how it works. The infix has to be before the stressed syllable.

  • @bobthebuilder9638
    @bobthebuilder96383 жыл бұрын

    My favourite is "that's a whole nother point", where "whole" splits "another". It's surprisingly common and lots of people use it entirely unselfconsciously.

  • @ohno-wi1vb

    @ohno-wi1vb

    3 жыл бұрын

    that’s super interesting, I guess if you didn’t split it you would have to say “that’s another whole point”?

  • @bobthebuilder9638

    @bobthebuilder9638

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@ohno-wi1vb Or even "that's a whole other point"

  • @glowstonelovepad9294

    @glowstonelovepad9294

    2 жыл бұрын

    It's called tmesis

  • @molly.dog8brooke792
    @molly.dog8brooke7924 жыл бұрын

    I’m gonna just shout “RAINING” whenever it rains from now on.

  • @Yotanido

    @Yotanido

    4 жыл бұрын

    I like the Japanese approach: They simply say "rain". Well... 雨, but you get the idea.

  • @Double-Negative

    @Double-Negative

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Yotanido 雨だ (it's rain) or 雨が降る (rain falls)

  • @GraveUypo

    @GraveUypo

    4 жыл бұрын

    or, you can just say "Rain!" and it'll be perfectly normal.

  • @aidandecker7803

    @aidandecker7803

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Yotanido 雨 kinda even looks like rain though a window

  • @Yotanido

    @Yotanido

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@aidandecker7803 That's exactly how I remembered it when I was learning the N5 Kanji. Definitely one of the easiest to remember :)

  • @jackeea_
    @jackeea_4 жыл бұрын

    RAAAINING - Tom Scott, 2020

  • @Medlek

    @Medlek

    4 жыл бұрын

    2:07 Dude I laughed so much at this. It's so out of character and I love it

  • @Lhorez

    @Lhorez

    4 жыл бұрын

    Having no explicit subject in a sentence is like 87% of Japanese comedy.

  • @shaunakdeshpande8722

    @shaunakdeshpande8722

    4 жыл бұрын

    RAAAINING - May,2020

  • @adarshsingh764

    @adarshsingh764

    4 жыл бұрын

    I do not even know why is that so funny, but it is

  • @Nimmo1492

    @Nimmo1492

    4 жыл бұрын

    I laughed so much at this. His expression made it.

  • @JamUsagi
    @JamUsagi3 жыл бұрын

    I love how his body actively fights saying the tamest possible curses on camera

  • @skelo9033
    @skelo90334 жыл бұрын

    Remember back when it was just two drums and a symbol falling off a cliff.

  • @meetaverma8372

    @meetaverma8372

    4 жыл бұрын

    That was, so so long ago

  • @DragonWinter36

    @DragonWinter36

    3 жыл бұрын

    cymbal

  • @thehuman2cs715

    @thehuman2cs715

    3 жыл бұрын

    Ah yes, symbol

  • @anatine_banana_69

    @anatine_banana_69

    3 жыл бұрын

    *Cym-bloody-bals

  • @MonzennCarloMallari

    @MonzennCarloMallari

    3 жыл бұрын

    Probably the @ symbol

  • @Nadia1989
    @Nadia19894 жыл бұрын

    Tom Scott: "Raining!" * Looks at the window. * Yep, raining. Right now.

  • @Sethrain

    @Sethrain

    4 жыл бұрын

    Britain.

  • @MadeinHell2

    @MadeinHell2

    4 жыл бұрын

    Why was that so damn funny?!

  • @W4LL37SK83R

    @W4LL37SK83R

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Sethrain Also most of the eastern US right now.

  • @einsteinyh

    @einsteinyh

    4 жыл бұрын

    Also bogota 🤷🏻‍♂️

  • @danielsjohnson

    @danielsjohnson

    4 жыл бұрын

    I think that's how the Japanese language works.

  • @WeyounSix
    @WeyounSix4 жыл бұрын

    "you weren't taught this, but you know it anyway" is basically a great example of why immersion helps so much with learning a new language

  • @stevethea5250

    @stevethea5250

    4 жыл бұрын

    I take morphemes for my pain

  • @jarleskogly8388

    @jarleskogly8388

    4 жыл бұрын

    Too many people think immersion is all it takes though. This is kinda off-topic, but I need to stress this to anyone who might be reading this... Don't forget to study your glossaries. You need to know the words, or everything you hear on a day to day basis will just be gibberish. Immersion teaches context, pronounciation, sentence structure but not the actual words.

  • @Asschen-Sukar

    @Asschen-Sukar

    4 жыл бұрын

    What Jarle said. Good old cramming (in an efficient way) has been proven to still be one of the most effective ways to do learn and memorize new words. I have to keep telling my students that, although they may not have much opportunity to immerse themselves in the language they're learning, that doesn't excuse the fact that they're not utilizing the options available to them. :')

  • @andrewpoison

    @andrewpoison

    4 жыл бұрын

    It's also where Trump gets all his "facts" from ;D

  • @WeyounSix

    @WeyounSix

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@jarleskogly8388 No, you're absolutely correct, but I'm saying some things in a language are definitely about feel vs just academic knowledge. You definitely need that academic knowledge, but without immersion and experience it can sound a bit overtly formal or robotic. For example its nearly impossible to explain to someone the difference between WA and GA, and due to this, immersion is required to know where and when to use each one in every single case.

  • @sethapex9670
    @sethapex96704 жыл бұрын

    "Bloody" was considered offensive because it refered to, and usually blasphemed, the blood of Christ.

  • @buzzkrieger3913

    @buzzkrieger3913

    4 жыл бұрын

    Both of those explanations would keep it fixated as an expletive, but bloody has had a long history as an adjective 'of the lower classes'. This really gives credence to it being yet another anglicized loan word from Dutch via sailors - bloote. It seems very English for the prissy to attach a bad meaning to the word to stop their children sounding common.

  • @DjokovicIsOurLordAndSaviour

    @DjokovicIsOurLordAndSaviour

    3 жыл бұрын

    Aaahhhhhh.

  • @sethapex9670

    @sethapex9670

    3 жыл бұрын

    @Dave The Credible depends where "everywhere" is, I leave a lot of comments.

  • @jus9316

    @jus9316

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@buzzkrieger3913 I am curious towards your source of "bloote" being used as a curse word. I am Dutch and have never heard of people using it that way as it just means naked

  • @buzzkrieger3913

    @buzzkrieger3913

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@jus9316 it was used as an adjective to form a 'strong phrase' and then got anglicized into it's false friend - bloody. Bloody by itself isn't and never has been a curse word in of itself. It always needs to be coupled to something else.

  • @rattrap1009
    @rattrap10093 жыл бұрын

    I think English has at least one other prominent infix, or at least what is kind of used as one; “a whole nother”. While nother was used as a word simply meaning another before more standardized spelling, I think the specific construction “a whole nother” is derived from just sticking “whole” right in the middle of “another”. I don’t think it would be considered very formal, much like expletive infixes, but hey, linguistics is descriptive, not prescriptive.

  • @katherinebare8212

    @katherinebare8212

    3 жыл бұрын

    I wouldn't say this is an infix. Instead "nother" is a form of "other" that comes from interpreting "an other" as " a nother". This is a common process in English, and is the reason why Ned and Nan are nicknames for Edward and Anne ( Mine Ed --- My Ned) So saying " a whole nother" is a consequence of this previous process. Instead of an infix, I think you can think of "whole" as a simple adjective here.

  • @bloosy1771

    @bloosy1771

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@katherinebare8212 Absolutely. Another An other A whole other...

  • @Milesco

    @Milesco

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@bloosy1771 : I think what you meant was: absobloodylutely! (FWIW: I agree with you and Katherine. :-) )

  • @bloosy1771

    @bloosy1771

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@Milesco Abso - whole - lutely 😄

  • @donkmeister

    @donkmeister

    2 жыл бұрын

    I wouldn't say "a whole nother" is a feature of English; it's only used in the US dialect. I would also say that it isn't universally acceptable in the US; I only know it exists because of an episode of Family Guy where "people who say 'a whole nother'" was singled out as a way of identifying stupid people.

  • @missinghood
    @missinghood4 жыл бұрын

    “Unbefuckinglievalbe” -Lewis Black

  • @SGresponse

    @SGresponse

    4 жыл бұрын

    He's a comedian. You laughed because the punchline was surprising. It was surprising because it eschewed the standard way of using infixes. Sorry, but that is a great example of why Tom is actually right. It is also an extremely good example of how an exception can prove a general rule.

  • @stensoft

    @stensoft

    4 жыл бұрын

    This is actually correct, unbelievable is pronounced /ʌnbəˈliːvəbl/ so the stressed syllable is lie and the infix should go before it.

  • @41-Haiku

    @41-Haiku

    4 жыл бұрын

    I love that it works tho

  • @pattheplanter

    @pattheplanter

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@SGresponse The word prove has a minor meaning of test. The original quotation meant "The exception tests the rule". Which is logical, if your rule does not include exceptional cases, it is not a rule.

  • @NoNo-nz7iq

    @NoNo-nz7iq

    4 жыл бұрын

    To me it also sounds right if you put the infix between the prefix and the start of the word

  • @nob2243
    @nob22434 жыл бұрын

    English: _sticking a curse word inside an adjective_ Meanwhile, me in Polish: Meh, that's nothin'! Have you ever heard about sticking a curse word into *another* curse word... _zaje-kurwa-biście!_ (Well, as a general rule, Slavic languages are more expressive when it comes to swearing, soo...)

  • @NoTraceOfSense

    @NoTraceOfSense

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@saurosha I only know cyka blyat; how deep does the rabbit hole go?

  • @minecraftroksiak3306

    @minecraftroksiak3306

    2 жыл бұрын

    Bro, that's my friends in a nutshell

  • @ntpgmr

    @ntpgmr

    2 жыл бұрын

    How about slotting the classic fornicative into the classic theo-imprecative?

  • @starylize

    @starylize

    2 жыл бұрын

    this is so interesting!

  • @alexp6013

    @alexp6013

    2 жыл бұрын

    I think that in english you can do that too : god _f*cking_ damnit. I personnally use it about as often as I stub my toe.

  • @thesos320
    @thesos3204 жыл бұрын

    "What do you mean my theory about gravity is wrong? Im Isaac god damn Newton!"

  • @wenlock8069

    @wenlock8069

    3 жыл бұрын

    Super Science Friends?

  • @matthewhafner962

    @matthewhafner962

    3 жыл бұрын

    Einstein has entered the chat

  • @albertjackinson

    @albertjackinson

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@matthewhafner962 Exactly.

  • @Doophenschmirtz
    @Doophenschmirtz4 жыл бұрын

    On day 30 of quarantine, I’m learning how to curse properly!

  • @amphioxusanniversary

    @amphioxusanniversary

    4 жыл бұрын

    Lies and slander my friend! The thesis of this video is that you *already* know how to curse properly!

  • @ZunarZulfiqar

    @ZunarZulfiqar

    4 жыл бұрын

    Leroy Barlow Well.... actually, more like how to add special emphasis to words to help better express your pain and push forth the deep, deep darkness buried within you alongside the unwillingness of your inner being to accept anything as modest as simply using the word as intended, as doing so would result in unsatisfactory frustration and a disconnect of understanding to whom it was intended for. Hope this clears things up.

  • @mparagames

    @mparagames

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@oneiroagent "Soyuz nerushimy respublik svobodnykh!"

  • @river1403

    @river1403

    4 жыл бұрын

    Leroy Barlow amateur. I’ve been on quarantine for 44 days.

  • @yourbitch9856

    @yourbitch9856

    4 жыл бұрын

    You have 600 likes but I'll leave it like that for now...

  • @oafkad
    @oafkad4 жыл бұрын

    I kinda want to setup my alarm to just be Tom excitedly shouting "Raining!"

  • @hpekristiansen

    @hpekristiansen

    4 жыл бұрын

    It is not an alarm as such, but you could download his weather app and turn up the volume.

  • @mousermind

    @mousermind

    4 жыл бұрын

    *set up _Setup_ is a noun, mate.

  • @AEXU_
    @AEXU_3 жыл бұрын

    'I would dab but i don't want a gif to haunt me my whole life' -tom scott 2020

  • @theletterk
    @theletterk4 жыл бұрын

    "RAINING!" - Tom Scott, 2020

  • @pedroseba8753
    @pedroseba87534 жыл бұрын

    "My apologies, fellas, im going to have to swear: B L I M E Y"

  • @Septimus_ii

    @Septimus_ii

    4 жыл бұрын

    I think blimey is one of the swear words which isn't allowed. Absoblimeylutely doesn't work

  • @javiercs006

    @javiercs006

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Septimus_ii Actually it does etymologically. Blimey is derivative of "God blind me," a theo-imprecative.

  • @MinecraftAnd9646

    @MinecraftAnd9646

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Septimus_ii abso-blimey-lutely won't work. but abso-bliming-lutely would. heh.

  • @sirlyon3333

    @sirlyon3333

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Septimus_ii you abso-blimmy-lutely can say this

  • @AalbertTorsius

    @AalbertTorsius

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@javiercs006 TIL, thanks.

  • @SmolBloof
    @SmolBloof4 жыл бұрын

    Tom Scott exclaiming "raining!" - this truly is the best timeline

  • @yuvvrajkperson

    @yuvvrajkperson

    4 жыл бұрын

    Somebody make a gif

  • @klaxoncow

    @klaxoncow

    4 жыл бұрын

    If this is the best timeline, then I shudder to think what the others are like.

  • @stardustreverie6880

    @stardustreverie6880

    4 жыл бұрын

    I agree this is the best world line

  • @SodomySnake

    @SodomySnake

    4 жыл бұрын

    We have achieved Stein's Gate.

  • @mrzap2875

    @mrzap2875

    4 жыл бұрын

    2:09

  • @kayleighzuniga9535
    @kayleighzuniga95354 жыл бұрын

    1:15 Me: slaps Khmeran Khmeran: *Do you even realize what you have done*

  • @AkmalAzry

    @AkmalAzry

    4 жыл бұрын

    I samlap you And you just slap from my slap

  • @kornsuwin

    @kornsuwin

    4 жыл бұрын

    bruh

  • @thepurlecheetah

    @thepurlecheetah

    3 жыл бұрын

    Idk if this is part of the joke or not but Khmer is Cambodian, unless Khmeran is some term I haven’t heard of-

  • @insanitycubed8832
    @insanitycubed88324 жыл бұрын

    Tom: There are some words that I cannot use in this video. Also Tom: Isaac god-damn Newton

  • @Goodstegosaurus
    @Goodstegosaurus4 жыл бұрын

    Now I feel there should be an unlisted video of Tom just saying every English swearword.

  • @LemurMaster

    @LemurMaster

    4 жыл бұрын

    I think anyone who is called a "national treasure" should have to record such a video.

  • @empath69

    @empath69

    4 жыл бұрын

    get him to guest on someone else's account who doesn't monetize and let him go ham B)

  • @theindisposable5525

    @theindisposable5525

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@empath69 I volunteer as tribute!

  • @SrValRab
    @SrValRab4 жыл бұрын

    No one: That kid sitting in the back of the class: 2:10

  • @irofii6125

    @irofii6125

    4 жыл бұрын

    lmao

  • @plsnw820

    @plsnw820

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@irofii6125 lfuckinamo

  • @Sam-hi4ce

    @Sam-hi4ce

    3 жыл бұрын

    you genuinely made me laugh

  • @joeyhardin5903

    @joeyhardin5903

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@plsnw820 lmfao

  • @RealJop

    @RealJop

    3 жыл бұрын

    2:11

  • @hamzachetoui
    @hamzachetoui4 жыл бұрын

    Fun fact: There are also what linguists call "a circumfix", a type of infixiation that surrounds a stem from both sides.

  • @dominicmagtibay7462

    @dominicmagtibay7462

    3 жыл бұрын

    Yep, in Tagalog we have a lot of those. For example: "tapak" which means "step" (with a foot) can become "natatapakan" which then means '"being stepped on."

  • @mcfarofinha134

    @mcfarofinha134

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@dominicmagtibay7462 kinky

  • @moondust2365

    @moondust2365

    3 жыл бұрын

    ​@@dominicmagtibay7462 True. Although the translation is a bit wrong. Natapakan - "[accidentally] stepped on" Tinapakan - "[intentionally] stepped on" Natatapakan - "able to be stepped on"/"being stepped on [accidentally]" Tinatapakan - "stepping on"/"being stepped on [intentionally]" Matatapakan - "will step on"/"are about to step on" Tatapakan - "will [intentionally] step on"/"will be [intentionally] stepped on"

  • @oz_jones

    @oz_jones

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@mcfarofinha134 pervert

  • @dig8634

    @dig8634

    Жыл бұрын

    @@oz_jones Include me in that list pls

  • @Emh19
    @Emh193 жыл бұрын

    I love that I learnt this in my Linguistics class in HS, having a whole class of 17 year olds being allowed to swear over and over again with the teacher is always fun.

  • @DanielFernandez
    @DanielFernandez4 жыл бұрын

    I abso-freaking-lutely love this channel.

  • @mrmeme1950

    @mrmeme1950

    2 жыл бұрын

    How are you bloody verified

  • @jaspermooren5883

    @jaspermooren5883

    5 ай бұрын

    ​@@mrmeme1950I guess the in-bloody-credible amount of subscribers helps.

  • @darleschickens7106
    @darleschickens71064 жыл бұрын

    I misread the title as “expletive inflation” and went into the video expecting something about an increase in the use of swearing making the effect weaker.

  • @geli95us

    @geli95us

    4 жыл бұрын

    Huh, that made me think, having taboo words is actually a good thing because without them you wouldn't have strong enough words for some situations, it's like you're saving them for later

  • @Sandwichr

    @Sandwichr

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@geli95us Sometimes it works the other way around, when someone isn't swearing you know it's serious

  • @xMaverickFPS

    @xMaverickFPS

    4 жыл бұрын

    now wait one bloody moment. bloody cursing doesn't bloody make it any bloody less powerful. /s

  • @hiawog_

    @hiawog_

    4 жыл бұрын

    Ok boomer

  • @monochrome_soft9472

    @monochrome_soft9472

    4 жыл бұрын

    oh ngl i thought that was going somewhere else entirely when i saw the word "inflation"

  • @vurrunna
    @vurrunna3 жыл бұрын

    There's actually at least one example of infixation in English that doesn't involve swearing--the phrase "a-whole-nother" is often used as an infixation of "another," which itself is of course just the result of smooshing "an other" into one word. What's interesting is that it really only works as "a-whole-nother," rather than, say, "a-whole-other," which might make more sense given the origin of "another."

  • @Parageist99
    @Parageist994 жыл бұрын

    "so we dont have to point out the window and go RAINING!" really cracked me up hehe

  • @GumSkyloard

    @GumSkyloard

    3 жыл бұрын

    Tom is a gem.

  • @dcaonoek
    @dcaonoek4 жыл бұрын

    I can see a Jay Foreman song coming out with all the infixes in all the wrong places.

  • @alvinyim7837

    @alvinyim7837

    4 жыл бұрын

    Dane Cook then Jay Foreman might say that’s diffibloodycult 😅

  • @onionbot2

    @onionbot2

    3 жыл бұрын

    I can’t express how much I want this

  • @tommypartin6431

    @tommypartin6431

    3 жыл бұрын

    YES PLEASE 🤣

  • @ulrich-matthiasschafer8453

    @ulrich-matthiasschafer8453

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@onionbot2 g u

  • @onionbot2

    @onionbot2

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@ulrich-matthiasschafer8453 well said

  • @halfaworldaway
    @halfaworldaway4 жыл бұрын

    This feels like a video from 2010. It's oddly cosy and nostalgic.

  • @aeriumsoft

    @aeriumsoft

    4 жыл бұрын

    yay 2010

  • @Luigiman-rc9fi

    @Luigiman-rc9fi

    4 жыл бұрын

    Back when people CHOSE to film at home and didn't HAVE to film at home.

  • @dougthedonkey1805

    @dougthedonkey1805

    4 жыл бұрын

    Tom does look very young

  • @terminaldeity

    @terminaldeity

    4 жыл бұрын

    Funny enough, that's the year I learned about infixes. I was at university, majoring in linguistics, at the time.

  • @fimbles1015
    @fimbles10154 жыл бұрын

    Issac god damn newton! About time someone said it! Coming round here getting his physics everywhere...

  • @jimsjazzz
    @jimsjazzz2 жыл бұрын

    I'm always surprised when I find out something I assumed only I ever thought about has actually been studied and analyzed academically. Back In the '90s I was driving alone across the USA. Each time I came to a new state line, I'd say to myself "ah, finally... Colorado" (or whatever the state) and I noticed how it had more emphasis when I said "Colo-F***ING-rado". Then when I got to Kansas, I noticed it doesn't quite work with that state. You can't say "Kan-f'ing-sas", you have to say "f'ing Kansas". So I got to thinking which states work with the expletive infix and which don't and why. I came to the same conclusion as Mr. Scott that it must be inserted before the stressed syllable unless the stressed syllable is the initial syllable. It also amazes me how we humans can automatically know such language "rules" that we were never taught or have never heard. Incidentally, when I got to Kentucky, I laughed so hard I almost had to pull over.

  • @ajs41

    @ajs41

    Жыл бұрын

    Interesting, thanks.

  • @conlon4332

    @conlon4332

    9 ай бұрын

    Haha! Thanks for sharing this story!

  • @professorracc.9780
    @professorracc.97804 жыл бұрын

    My favourite example of this has to be "Jesus tap-dancing Christ"

  • @EricEisenhart

    @EricEisenhart

    4 жыл бұрын

    Nillie except it flips where the religion is...

  • @baylinkdashyt

    @baylinkdashyt

    4 жыл бұрын

    My favorite - hoisted from a spider Robinson novel - is Jesus T Murphy and His Traveling Flea Circus, but unfortunately it's not actually an example of expletive infixation. It's also difficult to spin the joke on His, since it's in title case to begin with.

  • @mitch_tmv

    @mitch_tmv

    4 жыл бұрын

    This currently has 666 likes so I'm commenting instead of liking

  • @bentoth9555

    @bentoth9555

    4 жыл бұрын

    Jesus was quite the dancer, but no tap-dancing that I can remember. At least according to that Andrew Lloyd Webber documentary.

  • @KattReen

    @KattReen

    4 жыл бұрын

    I like Jesus cartwheeling Christ

  • @minekrafines
    @minekrafines4 жыл бұрын

    As an Spanish viewer, it never ceases to amaze me how all languages have this untaught rules that we all know, even if it is not your native language.

  • @sturmklinge9642

    @sturmklinge9642

    4 жыл бұрын

    Oh yes, same. I'm not an English native speaker either and I definitely wasn't taught this in school, but I still use it the way Tom describes it in the video.

  • @keith6706

    @keith6706

    4 жыл бұрын

    What's funny is that people learning to speak a second (or third, or whatever) language are often taught some of those untaught rules so they can speak more like a native. One of my favourite examples is that I saw some lessons teaching English as a second language where it helpfully pointed out that when multiple adjectives are attached to one noun they have to be in a specific order based on the category of adjective to sound correct, which native English speakers are, generally, never actually taught. "The big white Victorian mansion" versus "the Victorian white big mansion". The latter just sound _wrong_.

  • @Deythlord2112

    @Deythlord2112

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@keith6706 i think tom mentions the specific order in one of his language file videos

  • @flumpyhumpy

    @flumpyhumpy

    4 жыл бұрын

    what's being Spanish got to do with that?

  • @abijo5052

    @abijo5052

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@keith6706 I love watching English language teaching videos for just this reason, even though I'm a native English speaker

  • @TheRealGuywithoutaMustache
    @TheRealGuywithoutaMustache4 жыл бұрын

    Tom: Pause the video and try them out Me: Okay Me: F- (dad walks by) Father, can you help me find the remot?

  • @meetaverma8372

    @meetaverma8372

    4 жыл бұрын

    You've taught me how to gain subscribers, by being everywhere

  • @tiramitsuko

    @tiramitsuko

    3 жыл бұрын

    why am I not surprised that you're here

  • @JK-dv3qe
    @JK-dv3qe3 жыл бұрын

    0:47 -> antiness, preology, hyperable, monoment 👍

  • @onionbot2

    @onionbot2

    3 жыл бұрын

    PrefixesSuffixes

  • @dresdonmccool709
    @dresdonmccool7094 жыл бұрын

    "You cant use any word" Australians: "hold me beer"

  • @KettuKakku

    @KettuKakku

    4 жыл бұрын

    To be fair, you still can't use absosangerlutely any word, but whatthedunnyever.

  • @lukasperuzovic1429

    @lukasperuzovic1429

    4 жыл бұрын

    AbsoFRACKINLutely

  • @BadJellyman100

    @BadJellyman100

    4 жыл бұрын

    Everyone is reading these in a laid back, drunken Aussie timbre. That or Aussie Rick

  • @InnuendoXP

    @InnuendoXP

    4 жыл бұрын

    AbsoScunthorpeLutely!

  • @sockcutter

    @sockcutter

    4 жыл бұрын

    Absocuntinglutely

  • @paxcaeli
    @paxcaeli4 жыл бұрын

    "I want to keep my videos friendly for everyone, no matter how conservative your {parent's } views on language are [...] try these, out loud, to help you coope with the state of the world"

  • @Not_Lilly42

    @Not_Lilly42

    4 жыл бұрын

    Not only try them scream them, at a time when you're home with your parents

  • @PeterNjeim

    @PeterNjeim

    4 жыл бұрын

    It's funny because conservatives are now the free speech ones and liberals want hate speech laws that impede freedom of speech. How times have changed.

  • @paxcaeli

    @paxcaeli

    4 жыл бұрын

    Peter Njeim there are other places to talk about politics, or discuss with others your wrong ideas. This isn’t one of them, we’re talking about language here, and I don’t think anybody wants to see another thread where people shout “liberal/conservative bad”

  • @paxcaeli

    @paxcaeli

    4 жыл бұрын

    Lilly King it takes all the fun away though

  • @AugustusBohn0

    @AugustusBohn0

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@paxcaeli "wrong ideas" couldn't help yourself even when you were trying to take the high road, could you?

  • @aidenbagshaw5573
    @aidenbagshaw55733 жыл бұрын

    My favourite instance of this was in the film Get Smart (the version with Steve Carrell), when one of the characters says “Hey, this stuff’s radioactive! One wrong move, and it’s ka-frickin’-boom!”

  • @larsswig912
    @larsswig9123 жыл бұрын

    3:31 "because I'm Arch Angel f**king Gabriel!!"

  • @nerdporkspass1m1st78
    @nerdporkspass1m1st784 жыл бұрын

    Whenever a fight breaks out in a neighborhood, a linguist goes out with a pen and clipboard and is ready for the hunt.

  • @KyrstOak

    @KyrstOak

    4 жыл бұрын

    What are you talking about??

  • @Flobbled

    @Flobbled

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@KyrstOak They wanna catch the best cursewords the people can come up with.

  • @vaclav_fejt

    @vaclav_fejt

    4 жыл бұрын

    Well, how else does Pygmalion/My Fair Lady start? :-D

  • @PeskiePete

    @PeskiePete

    4 жыл бұрын

    Would that be a cunning linguist?

  • @vaclav_fejt

    @vaclav_fejt

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@PeskiePete brushing up on a little Danish.

  • @infinite1der
    @infinite1der4 жыл бұрын

    Using it as almost every word in a sentence: "Eff the effing effers."

  • @BonaparteBardithion

    @BonaparteBardithion

    4 жыл бұрын

    Interestingly, that follows similar rules in that only certain words can be used that way and you only learn them through exposure. The pool is very small. It requires the expletive to be accepted as a verb, adjective and noun. F*k is the only example off the top of my head that fits all those criteria. You might get similar results with "that bi*in' bi*h was bi*ing at me", but that's highly unlikely. You won't get the same result with "damn the damnable damned". That just sounds like an overzealous and redundant preacher.

  • @stumcconnel

    @stumcconnel

    4 жыл бұрын

    Or "The effing effer's effing effed"

  • @Orion-uy6xz

    @Orion-uy6xz

    4 жыл бұрын

    "Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo" buffalo is gramatically correct.

  • @TomorrowWeLive

    @TomorrowWeLive

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Orion-uy6xz how?

  • @Squitchtweak

    @Squitchtweak

    3 жыл бұрын

    Tim Minchin does a very good job of this singing about the fomer Pope.

  • @marceline124
    @marceline1244 жыл бұрын

    These videos about language you’ve done over the years are helping me with my Linguistics finals, because online classes suck and there are many things we missed throughout the semester. Thanks Tom!

  • @eastpavilion-er6081
    @eastpavilion-er60814 жыл бұрын

    2:10 "IT'S BLOODY RAINY!"

  • @katie-ampersand
    @katie-ampersand4 жыл бұрын

    2:29 My mind already expected fanfuckingtastic

  • @em00k

    @em00k

    4 жыл бұрын

    absofuckinglutely.

  • @mattymoowhite

    @mattymoowhite

    4 жыл бұрын

    Or Scunthorpe...

  • @R2Cv1

    @R2Cv1

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@mattymoowhite fan-scunthorpe-tastic?

  • @brianjones8899

    @brianjones8899

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@R2Cv1 Outfuckingstanding

  • @Goldap1000

    @Goldap1000

    4 жыл бұрын

    I love my language, it lets you put swear words in middle on of other swear words.

  • @hungryshark97
    @hungryshark974 жыл бұрын

    I'd go even further: I'm not a native english speaker. I've had english in school for 8 years and never learned that. But it's funny that I still knew most of these words

  • @heshiram1188

    @heshiram1188

    4 жыл бұрын

    Thats not as rare or impressive as you think

  • @NiquelBones

    @NiquelBones

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@heshiram1188 hes not saying its rare hes just adding to the point made in the video, so stop trying to make other ppl feel worse just because you think you're smarter than him by disregarding something they value please, you'll do better in life trust me

  • @heshiram1188

    @heshiram1188

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@NiquelBones I didn't say I was smarter.

  • @alamrasyidi4097

    @alamrasyidi4097

    4 жыл бұрын

    This is exactly me because of my media consumption. My friends are less used to english but I'm waaay more used to it.

  • @sandwich3075

    @sandwich3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    Fritz Gallo you were acting like it😳😳

  • @Liggliluff
    @Liggliluff3 жыл бұрын

    (2:15) Some languages do just that. Like Finnish _sataa_ (raining). But most languages seems to say "it raining", "rain falling", "sky still pouring"

  • @Victorsandergamer

    @Victorsandergamer

    3 жыл бұрын

    in portuguese we either say _"ta chovendo"_ (it's raining) just _"chuva"_ (rain) or, in the past tense, _"choveu"_ as in _"choveu ontem"_ ('rained' yesterday)

  • @bendanonfawkes4189
    @bendanonfawkes41894 жыл бұрын

    3:07 thanks a bloody lot for getting me in trouble with my mum.

  • @RegebroRepairs
    @RegebroRepairs4 жыл бұрын

    Prefix: Hyper- Suffix: -able Infix: fu... oh, wait, no bad idea.

  • @CollinBuckman

    @CollinBuckman

    4 жыл бұрын

    That sounds like the opposite of a bad idea

  • @zekiz774

    @zekiz774

    4 жыл бұрын

    Yes it's not a bad ideas.

  • @CutcliffePaul

    @CutcliffePaul

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@CollinBuckman That depends whether he's speaking about Tom, and, of course, how Tom might feel about it. 😲

  • @xMaverickFPS

    @xMaverickFPS

    4 жыл бұрын

    don't threaten me with a good time.

  • @FOGoticus

    @FOGoticus

    4 жыл бұрын

    Congratulations. You just unlocked teen angst!

  • @kshadehyaena
    @kshadehyaena4 жыл бұрын

    2:10 "Raining!" - perfect Matt Gray impersonation

  • @MetaBloxer

    @MetaBloxer

    3 жыл бұрын

    I...

  • @lundylow

    @lundylow

    6 ай бұрын

    I heard an accidental Homer Simpson impression

  • @n0us.
    @n0us.3 жыл бұрын

    3:21 Or of course: SIMON F***ING COWELL

  • @winterstefan1337
    @winterstefan13372 жыл бұрын

    I cannot emphesize enough how bloody awesome Toms videos are. Not only am I able to switch from trivia like the tales of a British spacesuite right to the details of modern language rules. I also literally see the work and effort that's put into every single video. Having nice animations, great visual story telling and an absolutely high standard speaking of quotation and referencing the important sources. Even having to film the current video in a small flat and having to deal with the disadvantages of lockdown and social distancing, the video is great! Shoutout to Tom, Molly, Gretchen, William and Graham!

  • @80greaty
    @80greaty4 жыл бұрын

    Look at that description, can we appreciate how much Tom Scott researches for his videos? 😮

  • @mhello276

    @mhello276

    4 жыл бұрын

    It is truly incredible and makes it so much more enjoyable to watch tom’s videos. It’s abso -shreking- lutely amazing

  • @ChrisbyFlanker

    @ChrisbyFlanker

    4 жыл бұрын

    100% this. His content is on par with most disertations and university. It gives him so much credibility and it is also why I still follow his content.

  • @neelparmar6690

    @neelparmar6690

    4 жыл бұрын

    I also appreciate that the video seemed to be just one take

  • @mehmetaslan9551

    @mehmetaslan9551

    4 жыл бұрын

    Kurzgesagt enters...

  • @scipio5916
    @scipio59164 жыл бұрын

    Imagine watching an action movie and the main character says to the villain “I am going to to cause to die you”

  • @JonesNate

    @JonesNate

    4 жыл бұрын

    There needs to be a pause and a point. "I am going to cause to die..." * Points * "You."

  • @firstnamelastname3182

    @firstnamelastname3182

    4 жыл бұрын

    Might I refer you to Backstroke of the West? You shan't regret it.

  • @ZunarZulfiqar

    @ZunarZulfiqar

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@firstnamelastname3182 Shan't..... Good word.

  • @AlmightyGammonsayssuckyourmum

    @AlmightyGammonsayssuckyourmum

    4 жыл бұрын

    Zunar Zulfiqar you never heard of shan't before???

  • @KoyasuNoBara

    @KoyasuNoBara

    4 жыл бұрын

    "People die when they are caused to die"

  • @nextProgram
    @nextProgram4 жыл бұрын

    I appreciate how well-researched these videos always are

  • @serinad9434
    @serinad94344 жыл бұрын

    Oh, I've missed these linguistics videos, I'm so glad you're doing more of them again!

  • @EEVblog
    @EEVblog4 жыл бұрын

    The optic angle distortion of the background ruled paper image disturbs me greatly.

  • @mrosskne

    @mrosskne

    3 жыл бұрын

    what distortion?

  • @joeblakesley
    @joeblakesley4 жыл бұрын

    Technically, these AREN'T usually infixes, or even morphemes, but examples of tmesis. Although, since I disagree with that nuanced distinction, that didn't stop me from giving "Abso-f****ing-lutely!" (sans asterisks) as my answer to "Does the English language have any infixes?" on my final linguistics exam paper before I dropped out.

  • @incription

    @incription

    4 жыл бұрын

    Joe Llywelyn Griffith Blakesley did you get marks for it?

  • @sjoerd809

    @sjoerd809

    4 жыл бұрын

    How did that work out for you?

  • @harrytsang1501

    @harrytsang1501

    4 жыл бұрын

    Also great to teach non native speakers in identifying stressed syllables

  • @joeblakesley

    @joeblakesley

    4 жыл бұрын

    I never asked. But I really doubt it. I gather that whoever the professor was who wrote the paper was looking for the answer, "No", in their infinite and unquestionable wisdom.

  • @joeblakesley

    @joeblakesley

    4 жыл бұрын

    To be clear, I didn't censor it with asterisks in my answer.

  • @corny5068
    @corny50684 жыл бұрын

    I saw you on the Christmas lectures and have been watching you ever since, love ur work, stay safe, a fan.

  • @GumusZee
    @GumusZee4 жыл бұрын

    4:16 - all sound terri-bloody-ble

  • @jaykay4137
    @jaykay41374 жыл бұрын

    don't let this video distract you from the fact that "undisableable" is a perfectly valid word made entirely of prefixes and suffixes

  • @lyreparadox

    @lyreparadox

    4 жыл бұрын

    I thought in this instance "able" was being used both as a base word and a suffix? able > disable > disableable > undisableable (my spell check is disputing that last one)

  • @oliverwilson11

    @oliverwilson11

    4 жыл бұрын

    Only the second "able" is actually being used as a suffix, you can tell from the pronunciation

  • @ericcao4829

    @ericcao4829

    4 жыл бұрын

    or disestablishmentarianism

  • @giin97

    @giin97

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@ericcao4829 I thoroughly enjoy this word :P

  • @giusepperoberto2343

    @giusepperoberto2343

    4 жыл бұрын

    I disagree with disestablishmentarianism. I'm an antidisestablishmentarian.

  • @sagyus
    @sagyus4 жыл бұрын

    I learned about these in my Latin class. Good to know a "dead" language still teaches something so in-bloody-valuable

  • @Tim3.14

    @Tim3.14

    4 жыл бұрын

    Praelum I learned so much more about English grammar in 4-years of high school Latin than I ever did in English class! Subjunctive mood, future perfect tense, etc. As a native English speaker I grew up using these, but didn't understand that's what I was doing until learning a "dead" foreign language.

  • @somefuckstolemynick

    @somefuckstolemynick

    4 жыл бұрын

    Invalua-bloody-ble

  • @brucewilliams8714

    @brucewilliams8714

    4 жыл бұрын

    And, when travelling in Italy, you can understand all the inscriptions on memorials and statues. Classy.

  • @PvblivsAelivs

    @PvblivsAelivs

    4 жыл бұрын

    I have found no examples of infixes in Latin.

  • @5roundsrapid263

    @5roundsrapid263

    4 жыл бұрын

    Bruce Williams Obviously, it makes it very easy to read any Romance language, too.

  • @victoriaeads6126
    @victoriaeads61263 жыл бұрын

    I love the linguistics videos. I have an undergraduate degree in linguistics -specifically as it pertains to the Slavonic language group, and I have always loved the myriad nuances of languages and the people who create them. 💜

  • @Jayqo
    @Jayqo4 жыл бұрын

    Remember seeing your channel after 2 drums and a cymbal fall off a clif and thought it was a 1 off video but you have been around for 15 years and I am proud of you tom

  • @qunt2742
    @qunt27424 жыл бұрын

    "Sir, I think you're dying.. There's nothing we can do." - "Just give me the morphine" "Sir, we think you're pre-death.. There's nothing we can do."

  • @youssefr

    @youssefr

    4 жыл бұрын

    Take your like and get out im-bloody-mediately. Wait that doesn't-

  • @Berkeloid0

    @Berkeloid0

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@youssefr That was aw-bloody-ful

  • @primalaspie

    @primalaspie

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@Berkeloid0 the "aw" in "awful" is stressed, so it should be, "bloody awful"; curses must be inserted before a stressed syllable.

  • @Berkeloid0

    @Berkeloid0

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@primalaspie Yes I was responding to an improper use with another improper use, that was the joke!

  • @primalaspie

    @primalaspie

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@Berkeloid0 oh

  • @allengrigg7553
    @allengrigg75534 жыл бұрын

    The Lord Our Savior, working in the oil industry? Jesus “Fracking” Christ

  • @ObadiahtheSlim

    @ObadiahtheSlim

    4 жыл бұрын

    Not to be confused with Jesus "Tap-Dancing" Christ

  • @ElectricityTaster

    @ElectricityTaster

    4 жыл бұрын

    Sweet Cheeses!

  • @Creed-lp4wj

    @Creed-lp4wj

    4 жыл бұрын

    Alright, we get it, you studied year 10 science.

  • @bananya6020

    @bananya6020

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Creed-lp4wj the worst thing is that this isn't even year 10 science so you probably don't know it yourself

  • @Sarsanoa

    @Sarsanoa

    4 жыл бұрын

    ​@@Creed-lp4wj depending on where you are in the world, fracking is a common knowledge word. Your exasperation is a little misplaced.

  • @RClaffieJr
    @RClaffieJr3 жыл бұрын

    Your restraint is admirable

  • @Big_Computer
    @Big_Computer Жыл бұрын

    Not many people can make videos about language (or educative in general) that people just watch for fun. Glad to have Tom on YT

  • @typhoonzebra
    @typhoonzebra4 жыл бұрын

    I think it's because "bloody" is derived from the phrase "blood of Christ" and was considered blasphemous

  • @zane2772

    @zane2772

    4 жыл бұрын

    I always thought it was a reference to menstrual blood for some reason

  • @clarenceclarence9529

    @clarenceclarence9529

    4 жыл бұрын

    Zane Lmao that’s fantastic

  • @rangergxi

    @rangergxi

    4 жыл бұрын

    People swearing on "Christs blood" was common. The Victorians cracked down on that.

  • @pattheplanter

    @pattheplanter

    4 жыл бұрын

    Every part of Christ or God was sworn on. Have a look at the Strong Language blog (it is an academically-inclined series of articles on swearing), they covered this several times, including last Friday, zounds! Edited to add: they have some descriptions of infixing of the harder sort.

  • @Martin-bx1et

    @Martin-bx1et

    4 жыл бұрын

    I thought that came from the loathing of the 'blue-blooded' aristocracy

  • @jeremyamon24
    @jeremyamon244 жыл бұрын

    In the Filipino language, the way verbs change tenses are dependent on how they are affixed or infixed. "kain" which means "to eat" have conjugations "kumain", "kumakain", and "kakainin" which means "have ate", "eat" or "eating", and "will eat", respectively. The "um" in kumain and kumakain is a regularly used infix among others to use within verbs. Notice how the affixes used are just repetitions of certain syllables within the root word. This rule, informaly, can be applied to almost any word and it doesn't have to be a verb. "Sumasamsung" means a person is using a Samsung brand. It also doesn't have to be a Filipino word. "Pinost" means "have posted", with "in" as the infix. "Grumaduate" means "have graduated". Just a little fun fact for people who are wondering what other uses infixes have.

  • @MinnesotaExpat

    @MinnesotaExpat

    4 жыл бұрын

    Esperanto does the same thing with not just verbs, but adjectives and adverbs as well. It's not bloody likely I'll find anyone else to speak it with, but the grammar itself is fun.

  • @Pluvillion

    @Pluvillion

    4 жыл бұрын

    To be fair, we have words in our language that doesn't have a proper Filipino term. We're stuck to using whatever word that was instead. Sometimes spelled the way how we pronounce it "cake" = "keyk", or sometimes just the words it. Fancy seeing you here, too.

  • @helloakokuhol

    @helloakokuhol

    4 жыл бұрын

    Inflixes are a common thing among Austronesian and Austroasiatic languages (Khmer was an example on the video) so Filipino isn't any different in this sense. What amuses me is our use of inflixes on English words, but that still doesn't set us apart from any other bilingual person mixing their vocabularies. 😆

  • @minhaj_khan

    @minhaj_khan

    4 жыл бұрын

    I feel edumacated

  • @Liggliluff

    @Liggliluff

    3 жыл бұрын

    ​@@MinnesotaExpat > _"Esperanto does"_ Easy example, the infix -in- meaning feminine. kato = cat or male cat katino = female cat katiĉo = male cat katido = kitten kateto = small cat Does that mean you can say katidino/katinido for female kitten?

  • @caznith
    @caznith3 жыл бұрын

    "-help you deal with the state of the world" damn i felt that

  • @azericthetraveller6355
    @azericthetraveller6355 Жыл бұрын

    Unrelated to the video topic but still related to the video itself, I love that the source credits appear in a little box at the top or side of the screen when, and only when, they’re relevant. It doesn’t get in the way, but still puts it out there for the viewer to do their own research.

  • @TheBlargist
    @TheBlargist4 жыл бұрын

    "Ronald Mc-Goddamn-donald" - The Tourettes Guy

  • @couldntmixapotnoodle

    @couldntmixapotnoodle

    4 жыл бұрын

    Chicken mc-bloody-nuggets

  • @clockworkkirlia7475

    @clockworkkirlia7475

    4 жыл бұрын

    It occurs to me that this works on most any Scottish patronym. Thus, you can make any stressed syllable both angrier and more Scottish by going "that's mc-frickin'-brilliant" or... similar... Wow. Apparently the "let's mc-frickin'-lose it" meme follows this rule too!

  • @pattheplanter

    @pattheplanter

    4 жыл бұрын

    Ronald Mc-buggering-Donald seems more appropriate.

  • @NickRoman

    @NickRoman

    4 жыл бұрын

    I've never heard that before, but for some reason, I read that with some kind of Texan accent. Somehow it just fits.

  • @sarnxero2628

    @sarnxero2628

    4 жыл бұрын

    abso-mc-bloody-lutely

  • @jakobvanklinken
    @jakobvanklinken4 жыл бұрын

    0:54 "when morphine is used like this is called a fix" now you talk my language Tom, teach them!

  • @TheJohnboyhunter

    @TheJohnboyhunter

    4 жыл бұрын

    Mmmmmm, morphine!

  • @yvngenchilada1114

    @yvngenchilada1114

    4 жыл бұрын

    Lmao this is underrated

  • @Phika_

    @Phika_

    3 жыл бұрын

    *morpheme, *affix

  • @illuminoeye_gaming

    @illuminoeye_gaming

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@Phika_ the joke

  • @jakekarreofficial

    @jakekarreofficial

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@illuminoeye_gaming their head

  • @worldrummer
    @worldrummer2 жыл бұрын

    Today I learned how to find the stressed syllable. Thanks Tom. 👍🏼

  • @angelalejandrohernandez9793
    @angelalejandrohernandez97933 жыл бұрын

    I love you. I'm studying linguistics here in Mexico, and I had a Prosody assigment about these but I wasn't able to do it, because I'm not an original english speaker. So, I really thankful for finding these here, 'cause otherwise I would've been in serious trouble.

  • @konohh
    @konohh4 жыл бұрын

    I don't know why, but somehow the expression "solar freakin' roadways" comes to my mind...

  • @fannyslam

    @fannyslam

    4 жыл бұрын

    SOLAR. FREAKING. ROADWAYS.

  • @empath69

    @empath69

    4 жыл бұрын

    it's the same principle really, just for inserting the expletive into a phrase instead of into a word; not an infixation, but...well, I don't know enough linguistics, but the result is the same; increased emphasis.

  • @isweartofuckinggod

    @isweartofuckinggod

    4 жыл бұрын

    . 💥 SOLAR 💥 💥 FREAKIN' 💥 💥 ROADWAYS 💥

  • @digitalarsenal5234
    @digitalarsenal52344 жыл бұрын

    For those of you in the far future watching this: the state of the world referenced in 3:13 is the lockdown due to COVID-19

  • @theajayyy

    @theajayyy

    4 жыл бұрын

    All of these videos are going to be so confusing in ~5 years. They are too scared to mention it due to demonetization

  • @traktortarik8224

    @traktortarik8224

    4 жыл бұрын

    It could apply to any time really, just especially now

  • @ceruchi2084

    @ceruchi2084

    4 жыл бұрын

    Upvote this to drown out all the "Who's watching in 2031?! ;D " comments.

  • @somebakedgood

    @somebakedgood

    4 жыл бұрын

    or maybe whatever current event is happening when they watch this

  • @murderspoon

    @murderspoon

    4 жыл бұрын

    Covid whatnow? Is that some sort of big kpop group?

  • @edavis0423
    @edavis04233 жыл бұрын

    learning about the english infix remains the highlight of my roman poetry class

  • @gswcooper7162
    @gswcooper71623 жыл бұрын

    This video was abso-bloody-lutely informative! ^^

  • @MartinOmander
    @MartinOmander4 жыл бұрын

    I like how Tom includes citations to the linguists, so anyone who wants to know more can follow up. Keep up the good work!

  • @meej33
    @meej334 жыл бұрын

    One of the more fascinating things in linguistics are those rules that cannot be defined explicitly but native speakers use unerringly.

  • @llearch

    @llearch

    4 жыл бұрын

    There's that entry about adjective order and "great green dragons" and why they can't exist, and at least three people I've seen have seen that and explained that they'd been teaching teaching ESL, had been asked about it, and explained their response as "I bluescreened"; adjective order must be opinion-size-age-shape-colour-origin-material-purpose noun. And Everyone gets it right, and just about nobody is ever taught it, or can even list the sequence. Truly amazing.

  • @alextaylor6773

    @alextaylor6773

    4 жыл бұрын

    llearch n'n'daCorna I’m too high to make sense of that hyphenated phrase

  • @FixTheWi-Fi

    @FixTheWi-Fi

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@llearch Is Great an opinion, size, or age in this case?

  • @barbarat5729

    @barbarat5729

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@alextaylor6773 I'm not high (except for caffeine) and I'm lost.

  • @JonesNate

    @JonesNate

    4 жыл бұрын

    "explicitly"

  • @mauriciodesouzaalves4908
    @mauriciodesouzaalves4908 Жыл бұрын

    Fan-bloody-tastic! Excellent explanation, you're a bloody great KZreadr!

  • @happyvirus6590
    @happyvirus65902 жыл бұрын

    1:02 Filipino language: Allow me to introduce myself.