Hi Freddie, it’s Lucas from the varadero 125 story ! Thanks a lot for your work on this one and for sharing our journey from last week!

Just bought a 2006 Triumph ST1050. 17 service stamps and in lovely condition. Just 30000 miles. £1675 with new tyres and panniers. Beat that.

@Robinbamv

29 күн бұрын

You just gotta gem of a bike, I would have kept my ST1050 if I had more garage space, replaced it with a Moto Guzzi V100S.

Freddie.....it is not the bike that makes a touring bike......it is your attitude...simple as !

@twowheelstouring482

28 күн бұрын

Have you ever been touring?

@volt8684

28 күн бұрын

Agreed Nathan the postman did it from Oz to Alaska on ct125 so doesn’t matter but obvs some better some arent

Hiya Freddie, thankyou so much for featuring my story (FZS 600 Fazer) and what a fascinating episode today, so many options to choose from for a budget bike!!

Hi Freddie, Guys, good enthusiasm for older bikes, they can be excellent, but bear in mind T. at D's a few months back discussed expenses of older bikes. e.g., Honda XL1000 Vara (mentioned in today's video). I own one, truly love it, but it's cost me a ransom to keep it road worthy. Some bits (e.g exhaust manifold) are no longer available. Cost over 1,000 pounds custom building a replacement. Best buy a popular bike like Suzuki 650 V Strom and similar to avoid pitfalls.

@volt8684

28 күн бұрын

Also I couldn’t get breakdown insurance in Europe for my fj1200 1987 vintage

Hi Freddie, I've just came across this vlog. If I were in your boots, I'd go for a Honda Pan European. Either the ST1100 or 1300, depending on the best deal. Being shaft drive and designed for mile munching, you can't go wrong. I owned a 1996 1100 and really enjoyed it until I found it a bit heavy for manoeuvring by foot (not riding!) on our gravel drive. These bikes go on forever so long as you service them properly and don't scrimp on the quality of oil. Allen Millyard rides one and that speaks volumes. Happy safe riding with whatever you choose to buy & I look forward to see how the trip goes. 👍

Anything comfortable and reliable will do the job. Years ago I toured Europe on a Honda CB500/4, (also commuting from my army posting in Germany back to the UK regularly),, another Euro tour on a Honda CB750k, Switzerland for two weeks then back on a Kawasaki Z750L. Most of this was two up with my wife and camping gear. The CB500/4 eventually did 100,000 miles in my ownership with only normal wear and. tear except for a set of clutch friction plates at 100,000 miles. Just by the way my first bike was a CB250 Honda while I was in Germany - that bike brought me back to the UK on leave twice and back to Germany.

Honda cbf600, just bought one immaculate, 40,000mls £972!!!

It was also a Joy for me listening to you talk about all the bikes Freddie! Many thanks

I bought a 2002 Honda 900 hornet for £1500 and paid less than £100 for a Givi rack for my luggage and £15 for a tank ring for my tank bag. Job done for about £1600 and Honda reliability too!

@kevindarkstar

28 күн бұрын

Just be aware of the water feed above the oil filter, which is a small joint that feeds water around the filter housing, my son 2002 hornet had it pop, as its a know weakness on these ex Fireblade engine, as it gets a lot of the crap off the front wheel, we were just about to set off on the squires Cafe egg run when steam started going everywhere, he had to order one from abroad, but all good now 😊

@williamrae9954

27 күн бұрын

Blade motor...bulletproof

@michaelmclarney1994

27 күн бұрын

@@williamrae9954 excellent bike, comfy enough for long stints and fun when you get to the Twisties as it goes and handles really well. I'm planning on putting some USD blade forks in mine to improve it even more 😀

the one comment I would make about these smaller bikes like the 125 its not just to get into biking it can also be for those that are getting on in years to have a light weigh machine where the old legs dont have to lift half a tone

Just to put the cat amongst the you know what last year at the T.T. I bumped into a chap on a Benelli TNT 125 have a look at this miniature bike . He paid £1800 for it with 7k on the clock drove it from the Midlands to Liverpool with full soft luggage and camping gear then rode it around the island and by the smile on his face he was having serious fun forget the size forget the H.P. just to be on two wheels can be the best fun you will ever get !! I did ask what it was like on the motorway all he said was flat out all the way at 50/60/65/68 depending on wind and hills !

@55ablebof

29 күн бұрын

Not much fun with an artic on your number plate.

@allanhughes7859

28 күн бұрын

@@55ablebof No that's for sure L.O.L. just hit the hard shoulder !!

The Diversion 900 is an absolute giveaway. Less than a grand, tour it all year around the world and sell it again for the same money.

BMW K1200. Amazingly Cheap and has every option. At half the cost or less of a Harley. I bought a 2004 with 37000 miles on it. He had fresh service from dealer to the tune of $2500. Bike looked like it was a year old. I paid $2500. That's what the service cost!! I put on a set of new tires and what a nice ride. Smooth as a Tesla Model 3.... which we have. Electric smooth. Amazing something 20 yrs old can be so modern. It's not like 1968 when you bought a 20 yr old bike or car and wondered.... A 1948 AJS? 1948 Cheby pick up with a 235? ...... Age means little today, we have had high tech goodies for decades now.

Offroaders on asphalt, race bikes with soft bags, but not the Rolls Royce of touring: The Goldwing. Get a fully loaded GL1100 or 1200, ride it around Europe, sell it for the same money, just like that Diversion 900. I'm considering a Scandinavian holiday, same budget, no chain drive misery, all day riding supportive saddle, wind protection, bulletproof, I keep coming back to the Wing.

@geraldscott4302

18 күн бұрын

In the U.S. pretty much all 1100 and 1200 Goldwings are worn out. The few that aren't cost a fortune.

LOL, IN 1982, two up we toured Cairngorms and Glencoe, wearing our climbing boots! We left Ashington, nr. Newcastle on our Honda CX500 . We had a top box for the tent (she had to wear it or put it in a small back pack). The bike was perfect. We climbed in the Cairngorms an did several mountains in Glencoe! YES, we were much, much, younger than, but , if you want to do it, then simply get on and do it! OXO

Freddie a very interesting and pleasant listen I think we all get a bit lost in our must have the latest most updated thing out there

I remember meeting a guy that was touring all the coastal roads of the UK, he was doing it all on a Honda c90.....so you don't need a big engine

The Suzuki V-Strom 1000. So far more than 160.000 km and still going strong.

@kannermw

18 күн бұрын

Used to own 2018 VStrom 1000XT and sold it last year after 22K miles in favor of 2022 Versys 1000SE LT. VStrom was trouble-free and great value for money. However, by comparison the VStrom ridden back-to-back was like a tractor and Versys is like a F1 with way better comfort and handling. Not to mention Versys has stock cruise, heated grips, and electronic suspension for mixed individual and 2-up riding is huge improvement..

I have a 1997 NTV 650 I rode to the black sea. Just put a Puig screen on it. Left it there in a barn for 3 years due to Covid. Got back on it and off I went as if it was used every day. Couriers used to love them. Must be a reason.

Hi Freddie one of your best streams . Thanks 👍👍👍

My 1995 BMW F650 does the job perfectly 👌🏼

+1 on the Triumph Sprint RS. I had one from new. Insurance wise, it went under the radar even from new. I don’t think it was ever a looker and it hasn’t aged well either but there’s a great bike underneath.

@jshanni2066

28 күн бұрын

Disagree, I think they still look fantastic!

@CHuzz7777

28 күн бұрын

@@jshanni2066 Fair enough, beauty is in the eye of the beholder!

I hope Monika is feeling better!

Love looking at bikes, thanks Freddie.

The best bike is the one in your garage...waiting to be ridden. What's in *your* garage?

@chrishart8548

29 күн бұрын

BMW f800gs

@BibTheBoulderTheOriginalOne

29 күн бұрын

@@chrishart8548 Cracking machine.

@lostrotanubes

29 күн бұрын

Honda Shadow VT750C from 2004, love it ❤

@allanhughes7859

29 күн бұрын

what a great statement benelli trk 502 love it to bits and dont care if it came from china or india or anywhere

@DoyPac

29 күн бұрын

Your mom

Honda Firestorm would Come in on this budget. Shame about the Small Petrol Tank

The honda blackbird looked amazing!

I know it’s over the £2k but the Triumph Sprint GT is the way to go. All the boxes, that awesome triple. I’m biased tho :)

I believe the BMWf650 ran a Rotax engine. The best engine of any bike I've ever owned was a Rotax 990 v twin. The Aprilia Falco cost me £2750 and i toured germany, france and all over the UK. The only fault I had was with the fuel pump. It was an amazing bike and when i part exchanged it 6 years after I bought it, I got £1000 for it. Ultra reliable, very fast, very agile and although it was on the sporty side of sports tourer it was wonderful. Can't go wrong with an Aprilia with a Rotax engine.

Triumph Sprint ST would be a cheap big bike for touring, underrated, good looking, enough power.

Ive owned a 99reg fazer 600 then a underseat version then 2 1000cc fazers, now I ride a Tracer 900 ,the Tracer reminds me of a Fazer. Fantastic bikes one and all.

I picked up a BMW ‘96 R1100RT last year. Less than 30000 miles, full luggage, ABS, heated grips and an electrically adjustable screen. All for £1600, bargain!

Thanks again Freddie for another weekly wonderful entertainment 😊

Brilliant as usual Freddie Ride safe👍👍👍

Great shirt. See you next Tuesday.

Hope that Monika is feeling better, Freddie. Sending my kindest regards from Munich. Chris

A Very good article! If you bought a new 1300GS and put luggage on it and a few other extras, that would cost well over £2000.

Thank you for sharing your thoughts. A couple of things to consider came to mind driven by your excitement and enthusiasm for "older iron". Used to be very difficult to get road side assistance on a machine older than 10 years old? Is that still an issue? The other point is the big service charge coming up on any bike? I'm looking to buy a larger capacity bike just now and here in Portugal used bikes are almost as expensive as new bikes! Don't even consider importing from outside or inside the EU.

Hi Freddie.has to be a honda vfr800 or 750.so reliable,so comfortable.ive had both.

I have a restricted full bike license for trikes lmao. Last time i rode a Vespa p200E to switzerland and back to north lancs in 1979 after 43 years i bought a yamaha tricity 300. Last week i came back from a 3,000 + mile trip around France. Loved it.This year i will try for a full licence :) 88 mpg overall

I owned a 2004 Triumph Trophy 1200 a few years ago. Did the Euro trip with the Boss down to Venice, hotel hopping. 2500 very comfortable miles, however the bike was somewhat twitchy at speed & rather top heavy. Sold it a year later for a Tiger 800, the Boss doesn't find it as comfortable & the weather protections not as good, but it is supremely stable at speed, easier to handle & all round a better bike.

VFR 800 V-Tech here. Insane do it all motorbike. Ridiculously atractive as well!

my old iron barreled 350 Royal Enfield and yes Travel insurance a yes even if you dont ride a bike its cheap and you may use it ...even for a doctors visit in another country

Freddie, Early 900rr blade or a clean VFR750. Both bulletproof. Keep up the great work.

As a wild card option, how about a 400 Burgman? Ultra comfy and surprising fast, will certainly sit at 70-80 all day, but tank range not so good. Loads of "boring" middleweights out there for low money as the seniors are ditching them to downsize to Royal Enfields. Thnx for the vid.

Freddie in Canada I would suggest two motorcycles that are real sleepers that would be outstanding in your 2000 pound Mile Muncher. The Kawasaki Concours or in the UK GTR 1000. I had a 1991 for more than twenty years. It was a great motorcycle. The other motorcycle I didn't see in your review was the Suzuki VStrom 650. My wife and I rode one all over Europe last year and I know they are popular in your side of the pond. Just thought I would put my two cents into your discussion. Sorry I am a little late to respond.

The NT700 Deauville is arguably better than the 650, as it is fuel injected rather than carburettor. 🤔

@tuesdayatdobbs

29 күн бұрын

Ahhhh good point!

@edfrost1560

29 күн бұрын

Dullville

@cloggsy1971

29 күн бұрын

@@edfrost1560 Agree. Not the most exciting of machines, but they’re all-day comfortable and more than capable 👍🏻 No, I don’t own one 😂🤣

@nigel274

29 күн бұрын

I owned one. Nice commuter but underpowered. Got a VFR1200F now....enough power there 😂

Rode my x max 250 to and from Spain several times. Not touring, destination riding but any bike will do it especially if not time constrained. As for Honda Deauvilles the ones I looked at were in very poor condition with serious corrosion. Also parts for any older motorcycle even newer bikes are hard. Couldn’t get carb parts new for my 2005 yamaha bt1100😮. My best touring bike was an fjr1300 in 2004 model. Did 8000 miles in 6 weeks. Shaft drive and panniers. Bullet proof.

My little varadero cracked both pistons, about twelve months apart. I thought it would commute 12 miles on mostly duals very cheaply back then. It was comfy for us 6+ footers but frustratingly flat and linear. Hated the bloody thing.

You're right Freddie - £2k for all that freedom and excitement. Sad that more young people aren't taking up the opportinity.

Fredddddy, can you ask your friends. Who go touring on these used motorcycles. To follow up after their vacations? We would like to learn if there were any hardships with the older motorcycles. Thanks Christopher nyc

my 2008 bandit 650 is ulez compliant

BMW Oil heads R850 R1100 R1150

I got a BMW f650gs 2007 good all rounder. Not sure how it goes on motorway, haven't done that yet.

Airhead bmw, I have the r80. Just keeps going and going

Hey Freddie, first of all love the channel, even gone back and watched your videos from the start, provided me with lots of inspiration. Second, the OCD in me keeps noticing the remnants of a sticker on your laptop - can you remove please 😂

@tuesdayatdobbs

29 күн бұрын

Thank you so much, I’m so happy you enjoy the channel! Unfortunately it’s not the remnants of a sticker- it’s where my laptop was smashing around day after day riding through Morocco, and a small metal screw fastening in my pannier rubbed almost clean through my laptop’s metal casing. I should probably replace the entire casing

I would have added a bandit 1200s. I have a k4 and it is powerful, comfortable, reliable and 200 mile tank range. What else do you need

THANKS AGAIN MR DOBBS FOR A GREAT UP LOAD THESE KEEP ME SANE I KNOW I TALK TOO MUCH BUT FOR ALL THE RIGHT REASONS WELL DONE !!

I brought a mint 400 burgman for £1000, hope to tour on it.

I haven't checked the UK prices but I'm surprised that the Yamaha TDM850 / 900 wasn't front and centre for a budget mile muncher . Can even do some soft off-road trails if necessary.

@jshanni2066

28 күн бұрын

Oh, and great episode this week. I love looking at the older bikes and what is available with relatively low kilometres and low prices.

Harvey at Two Wheel Review did a tour of Europe down to Italy, ferry to Spain then over to Gibraltar and home on a Varadero 125. Well worth a watch👍🏻

Touring where? Norway a 50mph limit, a big single is the way to go,a Honda FMX with a 25litre Acerbis tank off of a XR600R (tank mod required at the front mounts). Different bikes for different destinations! P.S; Still have my Yamaha FZS600 featured in MCN over 20yrs ago,still one of the trickest Fazers even built...Moto Ecosse,look it up in MCN

Freddie, you forgot a bike that at least in America, you can usually get for under 2k. An older Honda Goldwing. Reliable, comfortable, and cheap. Usually with decent miles.

@highlandrab19

25 күн бұрын

Expensive in the uk and the old ones usually wont pass mot as the air suspension will be broke or perished

Depends on where you are. In the U.S. I have only minimum liability insurance. I have no choice because I have 5 bikes. I'm keeping them because they are all in great condition and are all carbureted with no ABS. I have roadside assistance, good medical insurance, and I can ride forever and never leave the country. I have multiple people that can come and get me if the bike gets destroyed or stolen. Insurance is a huge rip off. For me, for long distance touring, the first requirement would be tubeless tires. I wouldn't ride more than 100 miles from home on a bike with tube type tires, because when you have a flat, you have no choice but to call a tow truck. That is the towing limit of my roadside assistance plan. I'm also 65 years old, so comfort is a major consideration, so it would have to be an upright cruiser type motorcycle. No lean forward riding position or rearset pegs. Nothing with "sport" in the name. And NO FLAT BLACK. Looking at my local Craigslist, I found a nice 1997 Yamaha Virago 750 in great condition and low miles. Very comfortable, tubeless tires, shaft drive. $2400 USD. There were a few more possibilities in that price range. 2004 Honda Shadow 1100 Sabre, $1900. 2001 Kawasaki Vulcan 750 $2250. A couple of ratted out H-D Sportsters with tubeless tires, but I wouldn't trust them to ride several thousand miles on. Remember, there will be more than the price of the bike when you buy a used bike. Tires, brakes, battery, chain if it has one, maybe sprockets too, and whatever other issues need fixing. It would have to be carbureted with no ABS or any other computerized electronics. If something goes wrong, I need to be able to work on it. If I were about to take off across the country, I would take my own 2006 Sportster 1200L. But it doesn't fit the price point. I paid $4200 6 years ago, and it's worth even more now.

@kannermw

18 күн бұрын

LOL You have the biases of an old crustacean from 30 years ago.. How many cars over past 30 years have you owned with ABS or EFI that ever failed you??? I have never and have been driving since 1980. This is no longer new tech and is mature reliable tech in any motorcycles produced since 2010. I am not much younger than you and a mechanical engineer. I speak from experience carburetors suck cause they are high maintenance, limit performance, waste fuel, and pollute more. Meanwhile ABS is statistically proven a life saver in published NHTSA study. Even if ABS fails your brakes still work like non-ABS. I propose your real story is you can't afford modern tech high performance motorcycle and prefer to ride old relics.

Street Triple RS? I think the Brembos alone are blowing half the budget. Gorgeous bike, worthy upgrade to the old Tiger.

£2k to tour? I'd probably look at a Honda VFR

1988 i was at honda when they can out NTV 650 ye gawds i feel old hahahaha

Actually scooters are really good touring bikes , they comfy with very good wind and weather protection, great on fuel and great storage

Honda VFR750 totally reliable V4 engine. Easy to find one under £2000 with Honda luggage. They go on for ever.

I seem to remember that ST1100 tended to cook the rider's legs

Cannot believe nobody mentioned the Yamaha Tdm 850/900 s.

BMW f800st equals touring and popping out to the shops

Woo-hoo, the adrenaline & excitement of looking for parts for a 25 year old Euro bike, or for an old mechanic to work on it, wheee....

@volt8684

28 күн бұрын

I could not get any new carb snorkels for my 2005 yamaha but 1100 abs ridiculous

A few years ago (2016) my wife went to Turkey, she's got the insurrance at the border for about 90 euro for a 3 month period for a car.

@VRRonny

28 күн бұрын

Ans I bouth myself a month ago a BMW F800 ST 2007 for a 2700 euro, really nice sport tourer with extracting paniers.

@tommasopassante3676

28 күн бұрын

Thank you vrronny, unfortunately I will be entering through a very small border so I won't be able to buy it there, it would be great to have an Internet link to buy the insurance in advance..

Can't go wrong with a fzs

if i had to spend sub £2k i'd go for a Honda ST1100 Pan European. PS i wrote this before looking at the vid lol

Ive done 100mile commute on 900 triumph triple. Good below 5000rpm but 600 fazer was juicy but did over 20000 miles from new and was stolen at 35000 miles. Ive done a frw trips from London to lockerbie scotland on 1999 honda vfr800. Only the regulator rectifier is the problem. A tiger 800 im sure is better

@Ian-bq7gp

24 күн бұрын

Suzuki gs850g shaft drive is old but very good like xj900 yam. Suzuki 650 v strom and even 1000 are cheaper often. Triumph trophy 900 1200 seem to last. Honda ntv are a bargain, boring but well built.

The Ducati ST range were a low point for Ducati, ride nice, by styled by Stevie wonder! The Blackbird is fine if you're tall, but if you're on the short side they are hugely uncomfortable and bloody heavy!

Freddie, under £2k, comfortable to tour on (2.5k last year, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg & South France) 170mph, 0-100 under 10sec, 200miles plus tank range ! Could have turned around & done it again ! What do I ride ????

@rienkhoek4169

29 күн бұрын

Blackbird or zzr1100?

@tuesdayatdobbs

23 күн бұрын

Blackbird would be my initial guess?😳

@Paul-pb4wv

22 күн бұрын

Ah, a measured guess. But, alas No........

Honda blackbird 1100cc so fast and cheap and well built

Deauville 700

All Spanish or Norwegian have all health expenses covered and the rest are covered by the bike's insurance.

@tuesdayatdobbs

29 күн бұрын

Very interesting. This doesn’t surprise me with Norway’s excellent reputation👌🏻

@jimtitt3571

29 күн бұрын

The Norwegian health scheme covers you under the EEA agreement, no more, not full health care reimbursement nor repatriation. You only get what the public health system provides free to citizens of that country.And only applies for countries in the EEA.

@steinarbrevikknudsen1546

29 күн бұрын

@@jimtitt3571 You get all health treatment you need! But of course if you die, it's fine to have life insurance. Remember that all insurance....and finance is legalized fraud. There are many people who make a very good living by offering more or less unnecessary cover. Take your credit card with you and keep your finances in order, that's the best tip.

FJR 1300 . End of story

@jon7525

28 күн бұрын

Took the words out of my mouth 😎😎

@volt8684

28 күн бұрын

Did 8000 miles in 6 weeks in Europe in 2005 on one. What a bike made mincemeat of other bikes on the trip.

If it's 20 yrs old and costs 2000 or less, then it's crap. But can also buy lottery tickets... and hope to win!

Suprised that the Kawasaki gtr 1000 wasn't mentioned. Actually, I'm shocked at it's constantly being overlooked. And the Yamaha FJR? The pan European, FJR and GTR are without a doubt the best affordable and reliable sports touring motorcycles ever built and that platform doesn't really exist new today without over gadgets and a hefty price tag. I'm actually looking at retirement for the gtr or semi retirement as a purley commuter bike and replacing it with a moto guzzi v85 travel, the mondello v100 (both test ridden) or the new stelvio v100...(that I won't test ride because I'm 95% sure I'll buy it on the spot and ignore its lack of weather protection) But I can say without a doubt that if the Honda nt 1100 was shaft driven it would be in my garage. And my gtr would be keeping it company.

@tuesdayatdobbs

23 күн бұрын

Funnily enough, I spent 20 minutes looking for a roadworthy GTR for sale, but couldn’t find one(??)

@BuffaloweRider

20 күн бұрын

@@tuesdayatdobbs If you want to have a really reliable used vehicle of any kind find something that you still see in use and are hard to find used. That's saying that when people get them, they keep them. With regards to old vehicles maintenance verses new vehicle payments, yes every winter I'm fixing something on my GTR. But it's still cheaper than a new bike payment that will need maintenance as well. Be as it may not as in depth but still required. Also insurance is under 70€ a year and I am the only one working on it. The thing that gets bikes like these on the for sale list is when you just can't find or make a fabrication for parts. For example there's a water tube on the coolant system that's just no longer in production and if that fails and you can't find a used one it's a really tricky piece to fabricate from scratch. Anyways I bought mine for 600€ and it was in need of work. I've had it since 2019 and have put about 30k kilometers on it and probably about 2/3 grand all together in parts including tires and a new used rear wheel. So under 5k and it is running like new. I just added a short video testing out my new camera and I will be putting up videos of mountain passes around lake Como in a couple weeks. Thanks for your response.

Fjr1300 2002 48k £1900😊

@volt8684

28 күн бұрын

Gorgeous machine

Isn't it Wednesday ?

@tuesdayatdobbs

29 күн бұрын

It is😆

@cloggsy1971

29 күн бұрын

Yes, I was confused by that too 🤔

@rickasker

29 күн бұрын

Wednesday at Dobbs’ 😂

3:17 MKII Fazer was a much better looking bike

CBF1000 is the answer

Hope monika is ok now.

You can not take a 125 from the UK abroad on a CBT you would need at least full A1 license. You can tour the UK though. I am going to France on my z400 and have bought some Hepco and Becker Panniers for it. so you don't need a big 1000cc bike to tour on.

Try telling my wife L.O.L. !!!!

Would anyone actually ever buy a motorcycle from Facebook Marketplace tho?! ;-)

People who call their bike ‘she’???!! No !

Honda Dullville. One of the most boring bikes ever created. Honda doing what they do very well, making super reliable but ultimately very dull uninspiring bikes. How a company that can come up with such classic bikes like the CBX1000, NS400, NSR250 then also produce such insipid creations as the Dullville and PC800 is beyond me.

@garmit61

29 күн бұрын

Variety is the spice of life. Honda does Tourers, commuters, scooters, step throughs, and race winners. Not everyone wants the same thing. Reliability aint a bad thing when you're touring in the wilderness

@jefflambert8603

28 күн бұрын

Dull But Does Exactly the Job it Was Designed to Do and I saw Many on the Road Mini Pan European