*Correction to the Corrections:* The Satmar Hasidic dynasty was established in 1905. It was Satmar's _parent_ dynasty, Siget, that was established outside of the Pale without a pre-existing following. FYI, the differences between Hasidim and Mitnagdim also hold for all streams of Judaism other than Karaism. The disagreement is not over Jewish belief or biblical interpretation, but rather over the nature and role of Judaism _as an institution._

@themacandcheeseorca1128

2 жыл бұрын

How long is the series going to run for? I would be nice if it went to the modern day. Also, what will you do after the series is finished? Maybe something on Samaritan history?

@TheKimels

6 ай бұрын

תודה שמוליק

You should do a history of Jews in Scandinavia.

@brandongonsalves3615

2 жыл бұрын

What would that look like?

@jsmoothd654

2 жыл бұрын

@@brandongonsalves3615 I don’t know honestly, that’s why I’m asking.

@Lagolop

2 жыл бұрын

@@brandongonsalves3615 Jews have lived in Scandinavia for at least 1000 years. IN fact I even have Swedish relatives.

@ludvighansson2586

2 жыл бұрын

As a Swede, I second this.

@doomera5911

2 жыл бұрын

As a Dane, I second this

4:40 Happens all the time. Have you seen all the memes revolving around devout Christian American grandmothers with pictures of Ewan McGregor as Obi-Wan Kenobi in their house, thinking that they are actually depictions of Jesus?

@minutemanchan7232

2 жыл бұрын

Ew gtfo mod/jannie

@jessetaran7116

2 жыл бұрын

I love when that happens lol

While not Jewish I really enjoyed all of these videos. It’s a shame there is a large amount of hate towards Jewish people and maybe like some of the people you highlighted here your information can reach others! Thanks for the informative videos

Regarding the last question, I think that there are widespread misconceptions, oversimplifications and simply ignorance about the Polish history in general but it is kinda slowly changing for the better. For example, I just got my hands on the new book about the final decades of the Commonwealth (which is the period most relevant to this video); _The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1733-1795 Light and Fame_ by Richard Butterwick. I very highly recommend it. It's not only well informed but also well written. PS. I don't really feel like discussing the modern antisemitism and the "historical policy" of our current government right now. I'm sure there will be plenty of occasions in the future. Edit: PPS Happy New Year Sam and everyone!

This is just what I needed to cheer me up during self-isolation. Thanks for the great videos Sam!

С новым годом!

I was a bit curious about more information on Frankism. And sadly when I looked it up I'm afraid I found a bunch of anti-Semitic conspiracy theories.

@patrickohooliganpl

2 жыл бұрын

To this incoherent mish-mosh it should be also added that some descendants of Frankists were / are anti-Semitic themselves. In the end, Frankism was a kind of a movement based on the emotions of self-hate.

At last, a new video! Happy New Year!

צפיתי בכל הסרטונים שלך, ואני דובר עברית. קשה למצוא היסטוריה באיכות שאתה עושה בעברית ובכלל. חוץ מזה, סבלנות, העברית שלך תשתפר ובכיף תוכל לרוץ לכנסת. חסר דיון עם ניואנסים בארץ (-:

in the persia video you had 10,000, you trippled since then keep up the good work Sam!

RE: Negative views of Poland, I think one issue is simply that the jewish population in Poland was and remained relatively large, and so polish jews and their memories of persecution make up a disproportionately large amount of the "memory space". More jews emigrated from former Commonwealth territory to eg. the US, than from anywhere else and thus their memories of what persecution there was made up a significant portion of the narrative.

@DogDogGodFog

6 ай бұрын

Also the Cold War imo. Poland and Israel were literal enemy states for decades during that period. And enemy states would obviously be interested in antagonizing each other.

Amazing video, so many good questions, it spored about dozen google searches, apparently there were Jewish Cassocks, learned a lot of new stuff, thanks Sam

Thanks and happy new year

Please make another correction needed at 07:15 Nikolsburg is in Moravia NOT Bohemia. I live in Nikolsburg and we are proud Moravians. Thank You

I think you are in error concerning the difference between Chasidim and Misnagdim (note the Ashkenazi pronunciation). The differences in practical use comes from the the fundamental difference in basic religious belief. Misnagdim hold Torah study as the prime expression of judaism. Chasidim, on the other hand hold the primacy of tefilah as the prime expression of Judaism.

Happy New Year. We expect you'll produce great Jewish content in 2022. 😁😁

Well done.

Love your videos!

Your comment on how blind patriotism enforces bigotry is very very important, and it seemed based on your tone that you’re calling out something specific in your life. Are you speaking from your experience as an American, an Israeli, or both? Because I agree either way.

@SamAronow

2 жыл бұрын

Mostly as an American, since I grew up there. I know this exists in Israel, but I didn't grow up with it and it's complicated by the fact that Israel is a much younger country where that early history hasn't been as mythologized and in which said hardline nationalists were themselves politically marginalized during much of that early history.

@DogDogGodFog

6 ай бұрын

@@SamAronow I don't think state age influences anything in that regard. In fact, "American people" are one of the youngest "people" in the world, as we all know. I'd say that it's actually influenced by culture and by government educational policy.

You should do the Jews in the Philippines, one of the only Asian countries to accept Jews when they were banned in alot of countries. There is even a movie called Quezon's Game that shows how the president had to make a difficult decision to let them in.

8:37 - You should provide sources to wikipedia. They have this mistake on Louis_Brandeis and Eve_Frank wik pages.

Excellent video. Please make an important correction at 07:12 that Nikolsburg is in Moravia and not Bohemia. I live in Nikolsburg but was born in Brooklyn

Hey, Sam I discovered your channel a few days ago and have binged a lot of your videos, as a Turk I wanted to say something on the usage of dönmeh (dönme in Turkish) is just the noun version of the verb to turn, dönmek, the usage of it as a slur to trans or gay people is not directly related to the term for Sabbateanists, which I assume comes from turning against [your] religion, dinden dönmek. Love the content I hope you continue with it, even as a person that to my knowledge has no jewish ancestory the content is very interesting. Also I have a question to ask you or any commenters that find this comment: You mentioned that Sabbateanists were involved in the reforms in the Late Ottoman Empire, in Turkey there's a lot of conspiracy theories perpretated by islamist/anti-kemalist clerics that many muhajirs from the Balkans and specifically their theories attack immigrants to Turkey from Thesalonikki, as these claims are generally laid against Mustafa Kemal Pasha and his reforms, were Sabbateanists, which they claim to be crypto-jews which I understand to be a wrong label through your videos, is their any truth to, even as a secular label, that Sabbateanists continued to exist until the 20th century?

@SamAronow

Жыл бұрын

Not at all, certainly not in the Ottoman Empire past the 18th century.

@doga3441

Жыл бұрын

@@SamAronow Thanks for the answer

Hello, have you ever looked into Adolph Sutro?

Lubavitch was not the only Chasidic court in Lite. Two other Chasidic courts and dynasties existed in Slonem and Stoln

I did not know that about the current use of the term Dönmeh. Yikes.

Do you know what the saying "Beyond the Pale" originally referred to? As well as the meaning of the word Pale

@Mark761966

2 жыл бұрын

@Ron Tubman is correct :D

@SamAronow

2 жыл бұрын

No, both the word usage and the phrase are at least a century older.

@Mark761966

2 жыл бұрын

@@SamAronow A century older than which century? The term, as it's used in Irish history, dates back to at least the 13th century and refers to the area of Anglo-Norman control centred on Dublin. There was also a "Pale of Calais" in France; which also referred to a region controlled by the English. But that was later and shorter lived.

@SamAronow

2 жыл бұрын

"Beyond the Pale" is first documented as a turn of phrase in the 17th century.

@Mark761966

2 жыл бұрын

@@SamAronow Turns out we're both wrong, but I'm slightly less wrong. It has nothing to do with "The Pale of Settlement" or "The Pale of Dublin" (which is what I'd heard), but it is an English invention The phrase itself originated later than that. The first printed reference comes from 1657 in John Harington's lyric poem The History of Polindor and Flostella. In that work, the character Ortheris withdraws with his beloved to a country lodge for 'quiet, calm and ease', but they later venture further: "Both Dove-like roved forth beyond the pale to planted Myrtle-walk". Such recklessness rarely meets with a good end in 17th century verse and before long the lovers are attacked by armed men with 'many a dire killing thrust'. The message is clear - 'if there is a pale, decent people stay inside it', which conveys exactly the figurative meaning of the phrase as it is used today. As a correspondent has helpfully pointed out, although Harington's poem was published in 1657, he died in 1612. That date, and most probably some years earlier, has to be the 'not later than' date for the origin of 'beyond the pale'. www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/beyond-the-pale.html

Hasidism started in Podolia. It didn’t move down to the Turkish border, it moved up from there, which is how the Sfard nusah moved into the Polish-Ashkenazi world.

*7:55* That's not an excuse, there were and even still are many Knesset members that you knows Hebrew better than them. Both Jews and non-Jews.

@SamAronow

2 жыл бұрын

But why would _you_ want that? If I did that, I couldn’t make videos!

@Hircine0

2 жыл бұрын

@@SamAronow I don't know Sam, MKs make videos all the time, with whole video editing firms backing them. Besides, imagine how much of a wild turn your Elections Israel channel could take. 😄

@user-gr9fq9gt9w

2 жыл бұрын

@@SamAronow After you would retire from KZread of course.

@user-gr9fq9gt9w

2 жыл бұрын

@@chimera9818 Ahmed Tibi irl

@Hircine0

2 жыл бұрын

@@user-gr9fq9gt9w Honestly so, in my opinion Ahmed Tibi is definitely the most well spoken current MK, a great example was his speech on the Holocaust in the Knesset. And in general he adds a lot of spice and character and clever uses of the language whenever he is on the knesset podium.

I'm fully enjoying this video series... Just one quibble about current Poland - Israel diplomatic relations but isn't it mainly the center-left in Israel that is more critical of Poland? Lapid is the one who recalled the Israeli ambassador to Poland while Bibi's unemployed son defended Poland despite the Holocaust denial laws. It seems to me really a proxy fight of cosmopolitan secularism vs. rightwing nationalism.

@Hircine0

2 жыл бұрын

Yair only speaks up when it is in his father's political interests, and not because of a love for poland.

@kellygroen4254

2 жыл бұрын

@@Hircine0 Slight correction. Yair Netanyahu cares about things that impact him. Now that Daddy is no longer PM he may have to get a job. But yeah, this has very little to with Poland itself. It is about rightwing populists banding together. It is the same with Bolsonaro. Bibi's idiot son agrees with the Polish government dismantling the rule of law and courts in Poland because he wants Daddy to return to power and do the same in Israel. And that seems to be what some of Bibi's most ardent supporters want as well. This is really a proxy fight that has little to do with Poland. We are dealing with the same thing in the US.

@Hircine0

2 жыл бұрын

@@kellygroen4254 Never have I read a comment that is on one hand so agreeable and so soul-crushing on the other. I still get sick to my stomach when I remember that horrible soros meme he posted and the shitstorm after of israeli right wingers trying to justify it...

@kellygroen4254

2 жыл бұрын

@@Hircine0 Twitter should ban him from the platform like they did Trump.

@Hircine0

2 жыл бұрын

@@kellygroen4254 Sadly a social media ban can only go so far, especially considering the shift to telegram and other similar platforms. And besides, I feel like the spotlight stays on him because popular media keeps it on him and all of his family's affairs after bibi's deposition. Similar to how disproportionaly Itamar Ben-Gvir got to be on television since the elections, I guess perpetuating racist ideologies makes better money for news outlets. :(

Hi

Stonks!

When is your video on Hebrew coming?

Jewish History in the US? , from Spanish-American War till the end of first Great War (1898-1919)

There were Jews in the szlachta...so it would make sense that they may have had some presence in the Sejm no?

@imcbocian

7 ай бұрын

What do you mean Jews in szlachta? Jewish ancestry but converted to catholicysm? I can't believe that non christian could get into sejm

Will you do a history of the Jews of sub Saharan Africa

@SamAronow

2 жыл бұрын

Without giving too much away, yes. But I'm taking my time. Specials like those require doing much more research, such as seeking out more obscure sources and talking with relevant community members to get their perspectives. It also requires much more artwork due to covering a much longer period of time in a single video. I want to do a good job and that means spacing them out.

@joaoribeiro5938

2 жыл бұрын

@@SamAronow the delay doesn't matter, your videos are good and the art is very good too. we know that producing takes time

I got your reply about the alleged atrocity in the Amsterdam central synagogue. Who wrote '‘the Return of the Conversos?” What is the “Maamad?” Have you personally reviewed their records? I did not notice any source notes while watching your video. If there were any such source notes they must have come at the very end of the video, in small letters, with the film credits, which passed accross the screen very quickly. In my opinion, that’s insufficient documentation. Perhaps you could clear the matter up by providing us with a direct quotation from the archives of the Amsterdam Central Synagogue, and from the secondary source that you have used as your source for these records, if any. Providing basic bibliographic information such as Author, publisher, year of publication, and page references, would help a lot. If you have quoted directly from the archives of the Amsterdam Central Synagogue, pease provide the references to the archives by box number, page number, and whatever other notations the synogue archivists provide. As I have said before, it is just not plausible that the Jewish community in the civilized seventeenth century Netherlands would engage in such physical brutality inside a synagogue. If they did, the Dutch authorities would certainly have prosecuted those involved or deport them back to Spain. In addition, I believe that physical brutality, as distinct from verbal abuse, had longed ceased to be acceptable in Jewish internal disputes at this late date in Jewish history. I believe that somewhere along the way, one or more of your sources has misinterpreted the surviving records or took information from a dubious and unreliable source.

10:04 wtf… being a trans woman myself i find this tidbit very interesting, wonder how that came to be.

Sam, anti semi tism is very much alive and well in Poland. Even worse than France. Historically, the Catholic church was a major force and now the widespread nationalism has also had a strong influence. Surprisingly, even liberal Poles hold these negative views. BTW, besides Jamaica, consider the rich history of the ABC islands in the western Caribbean when you discuss the Columbine diaspora across the pond. Have a Happy (solar) New Year!

@Yuudaddy

2 жыл бұрын

Compared to Anti-Polonism in Israel? Not really. Also nationalism? Maybe for a Westerner that hates their country.

@denizalgazi

2 жыл бұрын

@@Yuudaddy I've been to Poland and saw first hand the anti semi tism and I've known many Poles that were living in London. I've never seen Poles discriminated against in Israel since they are Ashkenazi. But I have seen many Ashkenazi discriminate against Sefardi. You cannot white wash this. Your false equivalency and whataboutism doesn't work here.

@Yuudaddy

2 жыл бұрын

@@denizalgazi I can because it is the truth. We know how Israeli teach their kids to hate us and fear us. On the other hand, we don't teach our youth to hate you or anything. I had a Jewish friend in middle school no one ever bullied him. On the other hand, I was bullied daily. I also have a coworker that spoke with students from Israel and they confirmed everything. There are documentaries on this. Why you have so much hatred for us is a great reason why many don't like you too. Most of us don't care about you.

@Yuudaddy

2 жыл бұрын

@@denizalgazi What is the antisemitism that you saw in Poland and as those Poles in London have you ever bothered to ask them why they don't like Jews?

@SamAronow

2 жыл бұрын

I never denied that. However, according to a 2015 survey by the ADL, Poland is fairly mid-tier in terms of the prevalence of antisemitic attitudes in Europe. At the top, oddly enough, is Greece. Surveys of late have also consistently shown that comfortable majorities in both Poland and Israel have generally neutral or positive attitudes toward each other, regardless the absurd statements of certain politicians in either country.

How's about correcting your calling of an Iranian leader a "Nazi"?

My grandfather grew up in Poland before the War. He constantly dealt with antisemetism. Being yelled at "Go back to Palestine" was a daily occurrence. When the Nazis invaded, they were all too happy to collaborate with them to solve the "Jewish problem", killing my grandfather's wife and daughter.

@Yuudaddy

2 жыл бұрын

and yet the Germans would kill you and your family if you helped a Jew. Our underground army also used the death penalty for those that would give Jews away to them,

@jacob_and_william

2 жыл бұрын

@@Yuudaddy many polish people risked their lives to save jews and even more polish people wanted to kill them. both can be true

@Yuudaddy

2 жыл бұрын

@@jacob_and_william Even more? Maybe? Nowadays I would argue that more Jews hate Polish people than vice versa. Hearing constantly how the American Jewish community and Israeli politicians attack us makes many people here angry.

@Jan3Pasztecik

2 жыл бұрын

@@jacob_and_william Some polish people were collaborators (they were sentenced to death by polish underground state) and many poles risked their life to save jews, not the other way.

@Yuudaddy

2 жыл бұрын

@@jacob_and_william There were even cases of people that did not like or hated jews but still risked their lives to save them from the Germans. In the end, many forget that those Jews were also our people and the majority lived next to each other without issues.

My take on Poland being viewed as anti-Semitic, which I think is unfair: Most people in modern Poland have never met a Jewish person (that they'd know of). So the Jewish culture functions more as an archetype/stereotype in people's minds (at least those who don't bother to widen their horizons). Even the conservative ruling party is not anti-Semitic per se, ie. their official messaging never invokes the Jewish people as an enemy. What they fear (or rather incite their followers to fear) is external influence, which nowadays mostly means Germany and the EU. But part of this discourse is the topic of participation of Polish people in the persecution of the Jewish people, particularly during World War 2. The fear is that the Polish nation (however meaningful that term is in this context) gets an unfair amount of blame, eg. as a result of movies that highlight Polish atrocities against the Jews (which of course is a more thought-provoking topic than the obviously known German atrocities), or a perceived political correctness that stops people from discussing the Holocaust when bringing up the topic might offend the Germans. And they believe these trends should be countered (by highlighting the German atrocities and the heroism of the Polish people rescuing the Jews). I, for one, wish we were getting clearer messaging on the topic from the historians, rather than either politicians or movies. But I also have to explain another layer of antisemitism, in the non-mainstream political discourse. Even though (as another commenter mentions) the communist party had a purge of the Jewish members in 1968, there is some kind of an association of the (secular) Jewish people with communism. So, in the same way, as some politicians would point out that someone's ancestors were communists, they (the more fringe ones among them) might be pointing out Jewish ancestry, implying vaguely that the given person has an anti-Polish/anti-Catholic agenda (not necessarily a secret one, but rather that they don't care about the Polish interests in the same way that a Polish Catholic would be assumed to). Anyway, I hope I was able to bring some clarity into the topic. Let's keep learning about each other, as I do by watching this fantastic channel.

@DogDogGodFog

6 ай бұрын

Ok ale naucz się paragrafowania, XD

15:06 Sorry for being probably the 2000th person to point this out, but the background of the compilcity definition laws, was all the people who were treating Polish complicity as equal in proportion to German complicity. It's to the point where many people (mainly Americans and Israelis, from my experience) don't even know that Poland didn't have a Polish collaboratory government, instead being ran by Nazi German officials directly. During that period, Poland was not a state either, because it was absorbed into the Reich as territory. People refuse to acknowledge information even as basic as that, and that's what saddens me. I imagine that the Cold War making Poland and Israel literal enemy states for decades didn't help either. Also counting the US, Americans, and American Jews into this, because the US was of course also a fully official enemy of Poland at that time. The Cold War prevented open and honest dialogue. Think about how difficult it was for Holocaut survivors and their children to visit Auschwitz before the 1989 Solidarity victory, right? That is why conversations about the Holocaust before 1989 were, uh, _detached from their source_ , so to speak.

Wätch öut før thë Gërmåns ünd Swëdës

@Rickyrab

2 жыл бұрын

Hahahaha

Wait, WHY are trans women called Frankists?

There is one of your stories in a previous episode that I believe is false, and possibly derived from either a an antisemitic or “dissident” Jewish source. You reported in your episode “In Search of Heresy” that a mob in the central synagogue of Amsterdam not only took terms whipping alleged heretics but stomped on their backs. This would be not only a flagrant violation of Jewish law, but utterly inconsistent with culture and spirit of 17th century Europe, among both Jews and Gentiles. It is possible that some similar events might have happened during the turbulent reign of Alexander-Jonathan Yannai, but certainly not 17 centuries later , in a central place of worship in perhaps the most civilized country in Europe, where the rule of law by that time prevailed throughout the realm. If a mob of Jews really did perpetrate such an outrage, they secular authorities would certainly have prosecuted and removed from office any rabbis who had incited or condoned this crime. This story, to my mind, is also part of a larger problem of your entire historical series, which is that you don’t give your sources. Historical accounts are only as accurate as the secondary and primary sources from which they are derived. I wish you would provide your sources, both primary and secondary, for each video and even for each statement fact. Sort of ‘footnote” or “endnotes,” which you could print as subtitles for each episode.

@SamAronow

2 жыл бұрын

1. That is from "Return of the Conversos," and the punishment visited upon Da Costa is in fact verified by primary records of the Maamad. 2. Since at least the Herodian period, I have listed my sources in the credits of each video _and_ provided links to them in the description.

About the last question. Polish-Jewish relations are obviously very long and complex history. But even after the World War and the establishment of Israel, the relations between countries were relatively good. Many founders of Israel were from the Jewish middle-class, who studied and worked in Poland before the war. Israeli army had large number of former officers and servicemen of Polish forces. They fought alongside Poles against the Germany, and they remembered that life in Poland under occupation was not easy for anyone. There were of course people on both sides with negative view of the others, but not dominating the narrative. The final breakdown of relations happened after en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis. The factions were labelled "Peasants" and "Jews" in a 1962 book by Polish-Israeli writer Witold Jedlicki. This was a simplification, there were peasants, workers and Jews in both factions, but the labels stuck, and when the "Peasants" won, the "Jews" faction were branded enemies of the state. This coincided with the recent Six-Day war in 1967 and a breakdown of Israeli-Soviet relations. Thousands of Jews were purged form the communist party of Poland, academia, the army, and the security forces. Most of them migrated to Israel or USA. Thousands of well educated men with a massive grievance, and skills that guaranteed them employment in governments, academia, entertainment. They were instrumental in the shift of public opinion in their new countries against Poland. They didn't get much pushback because Poland was the enemy nation behind the Iron Curtain so defending it would be non-patriotic in the USA.