Bro been having multiple panic attacks and the semester hasn't even started. My OG teacher isn't the best so I now I have to result to KZread University. Thanks so much Chad, you're the best!

@ChadsPrep

10 ай бұрын

Glad the channel is helping you - Happy Studying!

@victorias.8967

Ай бұрын

I have faith that this will get me through my class 😭🥲

You are so important to me and others, thank you!! I lose track of time watching your videos and learning, and everything sticks with me and it is easy to note-take along. I'm glad to have found you.

@ChadsPrep

10 ай бұрын

Glad you did!

Chad, you make learning so enjoyable and the content easy to digest. It's incredibly refreshing. Thank you!!!

@ChadsPrep

2 жыл бұрын

Always glad to hear that, Maryam - Glad you enjoy!

Thank you for your content. I'm finally "in person" with my classes so I'm managing a little better, but I still use your videos for review. When I was forced to do online classes you were basically my substitute professor! Have a good day.

@ChadsPrep

2 жыл бұрын

You're welcome, Ava C - glad you found the channel and it has been a useful tool for you!

That was super informative and clearly and simply explained so thanks a lot!

@ChadsPrep

11 ай бұрын

You're welcome and Thank You.

Great videos! great explanations!

@ChadsPrep

3 жыл бұрын

Glad you like them - thanks for the comment!

You explain this better than my chemistry professor

@ChadsPrep

3 жыл бұрын

Glad you found us, Toker!

You re indeed a teacher.. thanks for your efforts

@ChadsPrep

3 ай бұрын

Thank you! 😃

Thank you so much! You seriously are helping a lot of students and reducing stress:))

@ChadsPrep

Жыл бұрын

Glad to hear it - thank you!

Thanks you so much Mr lecture,you made me understand this topic very well rather than before ,otherwise be bless

@ChadsPrep

2 жыл бұрын

You're welcome, Daniel - thanks for saying so!

Thank you Chad!!! I'm retaking organic chem right now and your videos are definitely giving me the information I need to ace this second try!

@ChadsPrep

6 ай бұрын

Awesome! Best of luck in your studies - you got this!

I better be smiling in that Prometric centre like an hyena ...just cause professor Chad is my YT tutor. Can’t wait to ace that DAT and come back with my testimony.

@ChadsPrep

3 жыл бұрын

Awesome Christianah! And have you seen my DAT Practice Exams? They're still available free of charge for a little while longer! courses.chadsprep.com/courses/chads-dat-practice-exams

Chad you saved my life in gen chem and you're saving me now in organic. Thank you for your commitment, God bless you!!!!!

@ChadsPrep

10 ай бұрын

Glad the channel has helped and will continue to do so - Happy Studying!

You are literally Awesome. Thank you so much . God bless you

@ChadsPrep

Жыл бұрын

You're welcome and thank you.

You're so helpful 🙂 youre pretty much my substitute teacher rn ❤❤

@ChadsPrep

9 ай бұрын

Glad the channel is helping you.

most amazing teacher ever!

@ChadsPrep

Жыл бұрын

Thank you!

For the F2 example did you mean their valence electrons are in the P orbital not S?

@Kimchibap_

10 ай бұрын

I think so, I came here to say the same thing 😂

you're amazing. thanks a ton.

@ChadsPrep

Ай бұрын

You're welcome!

Thank you so much❤️❤️❤️

@ChadsPrep

3 жыл бұрын

You're very welcome Imanish! Glad you're finding these helpful!🙂

Chad you are my king

@ChadsPrep

3 жыл бұрын

King? I certainly hope not!😜 How about short, bald, helpful YT instructor? But I appreciate the sentiment!😊

Amazing thanks a lot

@ChadsPrep

7 күн бұрын

Most welcome 😊

I'm not sure I understand overlapping orbitals. In methane, for example, each H shares a pair of electrons with the C. In one of those pairs, do the two electrons have identical wave functions (except for spin)?

@ChadsPrep

3 жыл бұрын

Hey Fred! First of all, keep in mind that Valence Bond Theory has its shortcomings...it's an incomplete theory but still has its utility. But it sets the stage for molecular orbital theory (the next lesson I'll be releasing later today). The main idea was that when two atoms bond together their electron clouds overlap to form a giant electron cloud that encompasses both atoms. Note my use of the word cloud instead of orbital just to give it a little different feel. In Molecular Orbital theory we'll find out the when two orbitals (which are depictions of wave functions) overlap they actually combine to form a new orbital (a new wavefunction). So we could say that the overlap of the Atomic Orbitals leads to the creation of a new Molecular orbital. But you'll see that even this explanation is too simplistic as the overlapping atomic orbitals will actually result in the creation of TWO molecular orbitals: one bonding and one antibonding. And if you get to molecules having more than two atoms it gets even more complicated, but we will largely ignore that in organic chemistry with one exception when we study conjugated systems (usually in the 2nd semester). Hope this helps!

@chad, concerned about the idea of a carbon atom ‘investing’. It cant do that, so what’s the mechanism? Dont need to explain, just give me the buzzwords and I’ll research it myself. Thanks for great content.

Valence Bond Theory Concept: Valence bond theory explains covalent bonding through the overlap of atomic orbitals. Electrons are shared in these overlapping regions. Atomic Orbitals: 1s Orbital: Spherical shape. 2p Orbital: Dumbbell shape with a node at the nucleus. Overlap Types: Sigma (σ) Overlap: Occurs along the internuclear axis (the line connecting the two nuclei). Pi (π) Overlap: Occurs side-to-side and involves p orbitals only. Examples of Sigma and Pi Overlap H2 Molecule: Sigma overlap of two 1s orbitals. HF Molecule: Sigma overlap of hydrogen’s 1s orbital with fluorine’s 2p orbital. F2 Molecule: Sigma overlap of two 2p orbitals. Pi Overlap: Only involves p orbitals and occurs above and below the internuclear axis. Hybridization Concept: Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can form stronger, more stable bonds. Determining Hybridization: Electron Domains: The number of atoms bonded to and lone pairs around an atom. Types: sp3 Hybridization: Four electron domains, bond angles of 109.5°. sp2 Hybridization: Three electron domains, bond angles of 120°. sp Hybridization: Two electron domains, bond angles of 180°. Examples of Hybridization Methane (CH4): Carbon is sp3 hybridized with four sigma bonds, bond angles of 109.5°. Ammonia (NH3): Nitrogen is sp3 hybridized with three sigma bonds and one lone pair, bond angles slightly less than 109.5° due to lone pair repulsion. Formaldehyde (H2CO): Carbon is sp2 hybridized with three sigma bonds and one pi bond, bond angles approximately 120°. Acetylene (C2H2): Carbons are sp hybridized with a triple bond (one sigma and two pi bonds), bond angles of 180°. Practical Applications Sigma Bonds: Formed by overlapping hybrid orbitals or atomic orbitals. Pi Bonds: Formed by the sideways overlap of unhybridized p orbitals. Lone Pairs: Reside in hybrid orbitals if the atom is hybridized.

omg thank you so much i dont know why i didn't found this before my exams but i hope i can get a good grade on the final exam so i can pass:C

@ChadsPrep

7 ай бұрын

You're welcome - glad you found the channel!

God bless you Sir

@ChadsPrep

Жыл бұрын

Thank you.

If the negative side of the orbital hits the positive side of the other orbital then they don't form a bond? What makes it positive or negative?

@ChadsPrep

2 жыл бұрын

Hi Pablo! I go into that in greater detail in the very next lesson on Molecular Orbital Theory: kzread.info/dash/bejne/go531ayBYdfHiaQ.html Take a look and let me know if I didn't answer your question to your satisfaction there. Happy Studying!

Chad goated for this one

@ChadsPrep

Жыл бұрын

Thanks, Luke!

I have a question. Towards the beginning of the video, in the H-F and F-F bonds, would it not be overlap between s (for H) and sp3 (for F), instead of p for F? I thought F would have sp3 hybridization, and thus it would be an sp3 hybridized orbital overlapping with the s orbital from H as opposed to a pure p orbital from F overlapping with the s from H. And then F-F would have overlap between two sp3 hybridized orbitals, instead of overlap of two p orbitals.

@ChadsPrep

Жыл бұрын

Great question Laura! It turns out that only atoms that are making more than one bond experience hybridization. With F only making one bond, it simply used the atomic orbital where we find its unpaired electron, a 'p' orbital. So while you might look at the Lewis structure and see 4 electron domains and think sp3, F is not hybridized and is just using a 'p' orbital. The worst part of all of this is that when you get to molecular orbital theory, you'll learn that while the idea of hybrid orbitals has great utility in predicting bond angles and molecular geometry, it isn't an accurate reflection of reality in other ways (predicting energy levels of orbitals). So the theory does have some explanatory power, but molecular orbital theory has even greater explanatory power and is 'more' correct. So hybrid orbitals may not even really exist :( Hope this helps!

@lauraj2815

Жыл бұрын

@@ChadsPrep Good to know, thank you very much for your reply!

@ChadsPrep

Жыл бұрын

@@lauraj2815 👍👍👍

I will donate My grade in "shekels", man you are the greatest!!! I owe you more than i can pay.

@ChadsPrep

Жыл бұрын

Thank you - Happy Studying!

I love you

@ChadsPrep

5 ай бұрын

Glad the channel is helping!

@ChadsPrep

3 жыл бұрын

We love when people love our videos - thanks!

@theopenacademy9102

3 жыл бұрын

@@ChadsPrep We students love when teachers actually know how to educate and not just school kids!

Sir can you explain me about the role of entropy in dissolving process? It is not relevant to your videos 😶

@ChadsPrep

5 ай бұрын

Yes - briefly, anything that increases the disorder of a system increases entropy. When a solute dissolves it increases the disorder of the system because solute particles separate and become dispersed in the solution. So dissolving increases entropy.

if i get a 20 on the ochem section on the dat i''ll donate a 1000 to you

@ChadsPrep

3 жыл бұрын

😁😁😁 Good luck!