【英歌是甚麼】
英歌舞是潮州各地在節日、祭祀時參神之舞蹈，是潮汕地區民間藝術之文化遺產。英歌舞表演時都會畫上臉譜以代表不同人物，內容主要是改編自《水滸傳》中「智取大名府」的劇情，各扮演《水滸傳》中智取大名府的劇情，各扮演成《水滸傳》中梁山108條好漢人物。由紅黑鬚指揮帶領，左隊頭槌是黑鬚秦明，右隊頭槌是掛紅鬚的關勝，二槌是林沖，三槌是魯智深、武松。於2014年獲列入香港首份非物質文化遺產，亦被國家納入非物質文化遺產。
【文化傳承】英歌舞表演🌟
🔹️香港首份非物質文化遺產
🔹️同時亦被國家納入非物質文化遺產
【元朗潮僑英歌總會 】全港唯一英歌隊伍
曾於2018年以541英歌群英共創健力士世界紀錄
2019年天后寶誕，元朗區潮州同鄉會特地邀請了【揭陽市普寧南山英歌隊】百多人遠道而來交流演出。揭陽市普寧南山英歌隊歷史悠久，技藝精湛，節拍強勁，曾經先後代表廣東省到北京、天津參加全國文藝江演，載譽京華。今次來港於4月26日 (星期五) 先為《慶祝新中國成立70周年暨揭港英歌文化交流啟動儀式》作香港首演。翌日在天后寶誕 4月27日 (星期六) 隨《元朗潮僑花炮會》以及【元朗潮僑英歌隊】一同參與元朗十八鄉慶祝天后誕巡遊。與天水圍潮陽百欣小學的小英歌學員組成百人英歌大隊，帶著最吉利的【丁財兩旺炮】首隊出巡，場面熱鬧！
《541位英歌群英共創健力士世界紀錄》
在2018年3月17日，總共541人一起跳英歌舞24式連續超過5分鐘，創下的健力士世界紀錄！
《英歌舞在香港的發展》
英歌舞是潮州各地在年節、祭祀時參神之舞蹈，扮演梁山好漢，以【英歌神】作驅邪鎮魔之用。
香港元朗潮僑英歌隊，源於五十年代。元朗是新城市郊區，新界一個農村，大部份都是務農過活，有種稻米，耕菜園。從事農場，養雞、鵝、鴨為生。當時元朗有市場及街市。農民將穀米運到市場穀亭挑賣。種菜者就運往菜市場變賣。養牲口的就運往雞鴨市場出賣。一班潮州人就在墟地聚腳。
雨災風災，鄉親到大旗嶺大樹下天后宮廟求神問卜，祈求天后娘娘庇佑減少天災。當時鄉親長輩建議訓練一班青年英歌隊於每年農曆三月廿三日，參與天后寶誕巡遊，潮僑花炮會邀請英歌隊參加表演作為地方特色。
起初由潮州人各鄉親酬集資金購買所需用具。當時有開米鋪捐米，開雜糧鋪送出雜糧，待每晚訓練完後食潮州粥。鄉親長輩推舉黃智德為總教練，當年參加人數眾多，非常踴躍。由正月尾開始訓練，每星期五天排練至農曆三月廿一晚停止排練。三月廿三晚零晨就要化妝，清晨時份立即上街幫商鋪採青收旗，旗上備有金錢香煙取其吉利意頭。上午十時開始由雞地市場 (現時小巴站) 集合排隊，預備出發巡遊，有龍、獅、麒麟、飄色、英歌舞等四十多隊。經元朗大馬路一帶至大球場，沿途表演，在大球場內作大匯演，再繼續巡遊至大樹下天后廟宮前表演作畢。最後，鄉親在廟前備有一鍋一鍋的魷魚潮州粥食。稍作休息後，回程到花炮會落妝及大家帶著興奮的心情慶祝演出成功。
《英歌舞表演形式》
英歌舞表演時都會畫上臉譜以代表不同人物。英歌舞主要的表演器具是一根圓木捧，稱為【英歌槌】。【英歌槌】的打法，接槌花運動的差異就有直槌和橫槌兩種。
英歌舞的隊形一般是兩列，人數一致，這樣一來就有利於遊行時保持隊伍的整齊。同時，這兩列隊伍還能隨時變化成各種對稱或者不對稱的陣形。
表演英歌的隊員，裝扮成梁山好漢。由紅黑鬚指揮帶領，左隊頭槌是黑鬚秦明，右隊頭槌是掛紅鬚的關勝，二槌是林沖，三槌是魯智深、武松。
由之前祈求神靈保佑儀式，變成了現今慶祝喜事活動。英歌舞易學難精，基本動作和隊形很容易學會，但要練習到全隊齊整演出，則要花長時間訓練。
《英歌舞歷史淵源》
英歌舞的由來有三種說法，一種是【及時雨說】，一種是【秧歌說】，一種是【儺舞說】。【及時雨說】就是在明未清初紹興名士張岱的《陶庵夢憶》這本書中【及時雨】一節就有這樣的說法。這一節裡描寫的是求雨的場面。張岱認為，可能是因為水滸英雄的大哥宋江綽號叫【及時雨】。【秧歌說】就是說英歌舞是從山東魯北的【大鼓子秧歌】和魯西的【柳林秧歌】脫胎來的。因為英歌與【秧歌】在潮州話裡的發音是比較相似。還有一種說法是現今的英歌是從古代的儺舞進化而來的。儺舞是一種反映宗教意識和藝術特徵的形式。
英歌舞故事主要有兩個版本：一個是梁山泊好漢化妝賣藝攻打大名府，營救盧俊義，還有一個是梁山泊英雄化妝劫法場救宋江。英歌舞主要是藉梁山泊好漢的英雄故事來表演歌舞的。一般最多不超過108個人，人數方面就因地而異。其中包括36天罡，72地煞，後來去掉了72地煞，可縮至為每隊36人的陣容。
【Guinness World Record】
The largest Yingge dance consists of 541 participants, achieved by Hong Kong Yuen Long Chiu Kiu Engor Association Ltd. and Yuen Long Town Hall Management Committee Ltd. (both Hong Kong) in Hong Kong, China, on 17 March 2018.
【Cultural Heritage】Yingge Dance Performance
Yingge Dance, Yingge, Engor is a form of Chinese folk-dance originating from the Ming Dynasty. It is a very popular cultural activity in Chiu Chow, a region in the east of Guangdong Province, and is one of the most representative forms of folk arts. Performers would put on makeup to represent different characters in the “108 Stars of Destiny” from the story of “Water Margin”. The performance is under the command of Red and Black Beard, the left team's leader is Qinming with Black Beard, the right team's leader is Guansheng with Red Beard. The second leader is Lin Chong, and the third leaders are Lu Zhishen and Wusong. In 2014, Yingge Dance was officially stated as Hong Kong’s Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and was also listed in the national intangible cultural heritage by China.
The Yuen Long Yingge Dance Team is the only performance team in Hong Kong having inherited the traditional culture of Chaoshan. The dance team is formed by a group of people who are passionate about Chiu Chow traditional culture during 1950’s. There has been a history of the culture in Hong Kong for more than 60 years. At that time, a group of Chiu Chow people gathered in the Yuen Long market. Farmers, vegetable growers and livestock breeders transported their produces - rice, vegetables, chicken and ducks to market stalls for sale. When there were rainstorms and windstorms, villagers rushed to the Tai Shu Ha Tin Hau Temple in Tai Kei Leng to ask God for divination and to pray for the protection of Goddess of the Sea to decrease the frequency of natural disasters. Villagers suggested that a group of young Yingge performers to be trained, in order to participate in the “Birthday of Tin Hau” parade, which takes part on March 23rd of the lunar calendar every year. Chiu Kiu Fa Pau Club invited the Yingge dancers to perform the dance as a local feature. At first, the villagers of Chiu Chow collected funds to purchase the necessary equipment for the performance. There were rice shops donating rice, shops selling miscellaneous goods donating grains to the performance team. After their practice, they would enjoy a special traditional Chiu Chow Porridge. There were many enthusiastic participants. In recent years, they have often been invited to perform in various events in Hong Kong. In 2018, the largest Yingge dance, consisting 541 Yingge participants, achieved by Hong Kong Yuen Long Chiu Kiu Engor Association Limited and Yuen Long Town Hall Management Committee Limited, set the Guinness Record. They are much welcomed and appreciated by Hong Kong people, and are often reported by the media.
#英歌
#英歌舞
#元朗潮僑英歌總會
#元朗潮僑花炮會
#元朗區潮州同鄉會
#潮州英歌
#元朗天后誕
#天后寶誕
#天后誕巡遊
#潮汕英歌
#潮僑英歌
#元朗十八鄉慶祝天后誕巡遊
#水滸傳
#健力士世界紀錄
#天水圍潮陽百欣小學