Wood processor

Wood processor with hydraulic shear and splitter

Пікірлер: 162

  • @hughmustoe2833
    @hughmustoe28334 жыл бұрын

    Thank you, Gary M. You are a gentleman in your answers and have built a great machine!

  • @matthewbrooks3583
    @matthewbrooks35835 жыл бұрын

    This is excellent! Elimination of so much of the safety concerns yet fast too. Bravo well done!

  • @MrJFoster1984
    @MrJFoster19842 ай бұрын

    This is one of the most efficient and simple designs out there. Well done 👍

  • @ivanogilby6174
    @ivanogilby61744 жыл бұрын

    I am certain that this yolk is probably the best processor I have ever seen

  • @HealthSupercharger
    @HealthSupercharger Жыл бұрын

    Wow i love how fast cicle time this machine has. It pops out fresh wood every 4 seconds or 5

  • @MrSprintcat
    @MrSprintcat2 жыл бұрын

    Awesome . Thanks for the video. Now let's see the build . 👍👍

  • @metalwaves4154
    @metalwaves41544 жыл бұрын

    That is freaken awesome. Maybe add a splitter to the other side do two at one time

  • @donaloconnor371
    @donaloconnor371 Жыл бұрын

    This is the best design of splitter I have seen. Simple, one ram operation and safe. Ticks all the boxes. Can you send me the shape of your knife /cutter design. Well done on keeping it so simple.

  • @paulbeland2953

    @paulbeland2953

    6 ай бұрын

    Have you had a response about the info for the knife?

  • @donaloconnor371

    @donaloconnor371

    6 ай бұрын

    @paulbeland2953 No never got any reply.

  • @69yenko65
    @69yenko653 жыл бұрын

    That is a hell of a good Idea. Patent that if it's not already done!

  • @mgyer2218
    @mgyer22185 жыл бұрын

    Best one yet . don't need too worry about that last piece

  • @andrewbibby7060
    @andrewbibby70604 жыл бұрын

    That is the best log splitter, processor, I have every seen, get a patent design on that, and get selling, brilliant, well done sir.

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    Andrew Bibby thanks I actually have an idea for one that would even be better but I just haven’t had time to build it yet LOL

  • @Alan_Hans__

    @Alan_Hans__

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 . You already built a better 1 and retired it and built that 1. The first 1 is about the most remarkable 1 I have seen and is definitely the best home built 1. #fanboy

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    Alan H thank you

  • @matthill8409

    @matthill8409

    8 ай бұрын

    Can you show the design of both the old and new?

  • @nickhammer6408
    @nickhammer64084 жыл бұрын

    Nicely done , you built the best wood processor I have ever seen.👏

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    Thanks

  • @eddieortiz4808
    @eddieortiz48084 жыл бұрын

    Any plans on making and selling them or maybe just the blue prints or maybe any info on it at all will help on some parts on the inside of it please and thank you awesome design 👍

  • @skijet12
    @skijet123 жыл бұрын

    Yup genius that's a great build cannot be more simple but yet so smart and cool 👍

  • @johnderby8921
    @johnderby89214 жыл бұрын

    sort of wondered where the wood came from. Nice machine!! NH

  • @ryanselleck6035
    @ryanselleck6035 Жыл бұрын

    Well done Garry this is amazing. I would for sure purchase a unit if it was available. So simple and fast, if you ever get into manufacturing these please let us know.

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you whereabouts do you live ? I live in the Interlake of Manitoba

  • @TL-he7vu
    @TL-he7vu Жыл бұрын

    This is a fantastic design! Never seen anything like it. What pressure and flow does it require of the hydraulics, and what diameter logs can it process?

  • @macmac8930
    @macmac89305 жыл бұрын

    do you sell plans or rough specs. i would like to build one for family farm.

  • @outdoorswithlarryrobin
    @outdoorswithlarryrobin2 жыл бұрын

    Wild looking splitter! Just subscribed, 🚜🪵👍🏼🇺🇸

  • @guyjones3665
    @guyjones36654 жыл бұрын

    Brilliant... gravity is your friend.. top job..

  • @anoka114
    @anoka1144 жыл бұрын

    Bottom plate needs to be sturdier but one heck of a machine

  • @MrWhiseguyy
    @MrWhiseguyy5 жыл бұрын

    This is brilliant!!

  • @janalberts6219
    @janalberts62194 жыл бұрын

    zo dat is een mooie machiene pluimpje👍👍👍

  • @jacqusfalardeau
    @jacqusfalardeau Жыл бұрын

    Awesome, best wood processor I’ve seen. Can I buy one??? Quebec here, I’d go get it in Manitoba

  • @roydawson4882
    @roydawson48824 жыл бұрын

    Very good an attachment and not a dangerous chain saw in sight

  • @simir0
    @simir05 жыл бұрын

    Can you please write some parameters? Flow rate and presure of oil and lenght and diameter of hydraulic piston and diameter of shearing wood. Thank you, best regards Adam

  • @user-su6ig7nw4w
    @user-su6ig7nw4w4 жыл бұрын

    Такой лес на дрова , круто!

  • @jimsteele7108
    @jimsteele71083 жыл бұрын

    yup, I'd say you got a winner there

  • @olduhfguy
    @olduhfguy7 ай бұрын

    I've seen a horizontal version of this that pulls logs in via a cable, but this is a more efficient way to bring logs to the splitter. My only criticism of this design is the size of the split pieces, imho they should be smaller.

  • @amishmilitant4618
    @amishmilitant46184 жыл бұрын

    Will it cut oak? Size hydraulic cylinder? Or do you have plans or a video of how it works? I have some physical issues from the military and I have a wood boiler to save on heating costs, this is why I am very interested in your design. I get my wood in full loggers lengths “ I think like 101” “ thank you.

  • @Owl4909
    @Owl49093 жыл бұрын

    that is the best splitter i ever saw

  • @reddirtfarm7704
    @reddirtfarm77044 жыл бұрын

    Looks great!!! But Looks like a select wood processor!!

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    Courtney Shoemaker Yes the very crooked ones will not make it through there .usually I flip them off to the side cut them once or twice with the chainsaw then they make it through no problem

  • @TheTorkerman
    @TheTorkerman2 жыл бұрын

    That’s genius!

  • @007shalun
    @007shalun3 жыл бұрын

    Гениально!

  • @jeffery19677
    @jeffery196772 жыл бұрын

    THAT IS AWESOME!! I know my next project...

  • @Mad.Man.Marine
    @Mad.Man.Marine3 жыл бұрын

    @Gary M is there any way to get some close up pictures of the blade assembly. Or build pictures. I would like to build this exact unit for my excavator. It’s really a genius design. Thanks. Ian.

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    3 жыл бұрын

    I will need your email address and I can send you some pictures

  • @Mad.Man.Marine

    @Mad.Man.Marine

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 ianadair1@hotmail.com

  • @Mad.Man.Marine

    @Mad.Man.Marine

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 I can’t wait to get some pics of it. I have been racking my brain trying to figure out how the cut and push all work together without smashing the wood

  • @mikeandjeremygould7314

    @mikeandjeremygould7314

    3 жыл бұрын

    Could you email me some pictures to thanks gouldbrothersinc@gmail.com

  • @dougw7587

    @dougw7587

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 Hi, since you're sending pics of your knife could you forward me a few as well? Thanks d1966charger@gmail.com

  • @Alan_Hans__
    @Alan_Hans__6 жыл бұрын

    Is this a replacement for your previous wood processor? The other 1 was a thing of beauty.

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    6 жыл бұрын

    Alan H Yes I sold the other one and I got the urge to build one more .

  • @Alan_Hans__

    @Alan_Hans__

    6 жыл бұрын

    What sort of wood are you cutting/mashing? I doubt that it would work on good old Aussie hardwood.

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    6 жыл бұрын

    Alan H It is spruce it works well on poplar ,Tamarack , Jack Pine. The big pile in the background is poplar.

  • @charlesmcclerren4584
    @charlesmcclerren45844 жыл бұрын

    That’s awesome

  • @offgridbc6810
    @offgridbc68104 жыл бұрын

    Do you have plans of the build of this one for sale? This is exactly what I am looking for for my Case 580SK and we have access to tons of nice dry pine about 12-14 inches.... This is a great idea.

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    No sorry I don’t really have any plans for it.

  • @offgridbc6810

    @offgridbc6810

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 Ok Gary, thanks for the answer. I checked out your bandsaw mill too...awesome. I have a Woodland HM126. It's a lot of manual operation but gets the job done.

  • @shaunnathantalbot-dp3rb

    @shaunnathantalbot-dp3rb

    4 ай бұрын

    Any chance you could hand draw how this was made and what items are needed ​@@garym3075

  • @elioarnaldosalguero455
    @elioarnaldosalguero4554 жыл бұрын

    Me gustaría que la prueben con un poste de Quebracho .genial

  • @dallasgagne7794
    @dallasgagne77944 жыл бұрын

    hey gary im building one simalar to yours for my skid steer 32 gals per minute think it would be possible to get a few close up pics from you for the knife setup?

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    Dallas gagne It would be kind of hard to take some pictures of it now I don’t have it hooked up to the tractor it’s sitting down on the ground in the grass at this time

  • @dallasgagne7794

    @dallasgagne7794

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 where are you located

  • @dallasgagne7794

    @dallasgagne7794

    4 жыл бұрын

    If your interested in selling. Im definately interested

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    Dallas gagne I live two hours North of Winnipeg Manitoba. Not really interested in selling this one at this time but I probably will in the next few years if I do I’ll let you know thanks Gary. Where do you live?

  • @dallasgagne7794

    @dallasgagne7794

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 oh ok thanks for the reply. Im in northern alberta

  • @apediner1449
    @apediner14494 жыл бұрын

    Genius

  • @rogerofrhodri
    @rogerofrhodri3 жыл бұрын

    Neat and so Sweet 'n' Easy

  • @offgridbc6810
    @offgridbc68104 жыл бұрын

    Do you run the ram off of your 4 in 1 bucket hydraulic lines or did you install separate hydraulics for the ram? My 4 in 1 hydraulic lines are metal that follow the bucket lift frame until the buck and then split to each cylinder and I notice on yours your hydraulic lines for the splitting ram seem to hang down. Thanks

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    I have 3/4 inch lines running to the extend a hoe with quick couplers in the back then I lock the extend a hoe with a pin so it cannot move and all the oil flow goes to the front which gives me 45 gallons per minute. From there it goes into a control valve in the unit that automatically switches the oil flow back-and-forth to the 5 inch ram cylinder.The hoses at the bucket would not have the full 45 gallons per minute so you would lose a lot of speed.

  • @offgridbc6810

    @offgridbc6810

    4 жыл бұрын

    Ok thanks...that makes sense in my limited knowledge of hydraulics. Do you use the foot pedal for the ext hoe to operate the ram? Just not sure how that automatic switch on the unit would work. Thanks for the info.

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    OffGridBC I converted the footpedal to a lever then I just pull the lever every time there’s a new tree in there and then the rest it does it automatically as the tree goes down with the limit switches on the 5 inch ram cyl.

  • @offgridbc6810

    @offgridbc6810

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 Thanks again for the info...I am hoping to build one by the fall to take advantage of all the beetle kill pine we have here. Any other tips you think might help would be appreciated.

  • @offgridbc6810

    @offgridbc6810

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 Does your backhoe have a 4 in 1 bucket to give you that option if you wanted to try it? Wouldn't the size of the line and the size of the cylinder determine how much flow you would have or is that determined through the control valves? The hydraulic pump on my 580SK is rated at 36 gpm so wouldn't that be constant throughout the system? Thanks for letting me pick your brain on these matters.

  • @ronbrewer4632
    @ronbrewer46325 ай бұрын

    That is cool

  • @yellowiron12
    @yellowiron125 ай бұрын

    Hi Gary, I'm about 8 hrs away from you in N Ontario. I'm currently building one of these for my excavator. Is there any way I could somehow contact you and pick your brain on some specifics? Thanks

  • @5203mhr
    @5203mhr Жыл бұрын

    Hi I am located in bc Please let me know how much it cost and can it be attached to any size backhoe or is there a specific hp required etc Thanks

  • @gonebarefoot69
    @gonebarefoot694 жыл бұрын

    Sweet

  • @mgoriginal
    @mgoriginal4 жыл бұрын

    hello how much did your wood-splitting machinery cost you? thank you

  • @Evergoody

    @Evergoody

    3 жыл бұрын

    Doesnt look like it costs alot. It looks like its homemade so i would guess around $600-700

  • @mgoriginal

    @mgoriginal

    3 жыл бұрын

    thank s

  • @wyattbarnes4894
    @wyattbarnes48946 жыл бұрын

    Nice machine, have you tried it on hardwoods?

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    6 жыл бұрын

    Wyatt Barnes Yes I’ve used it on Tamarack and work very well

  • @wyattbarnes4894

    @wyattbarnes4894

    6 жыл бұрын

    Any guess on how tamarack would compare to sugar maple as far as shear resistance is concerned? I would like to build a table model since I don't have access to a large loader.

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    6 жыл бұрын

    Wyatt Barnes I think it might be similar it should do OK The big ones might stall it but I just reverse it a few times and let it hammer away and eventually go through

  • @macmac8930

    @macmac8930

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 Hello, Gary M. Please could i pay you a cunsulting fee, i need a few answers on building one of these units. we live in wyoming, no heat equals you may die.. we use lots of wood. my e male is wyopower at g male dot com.

  • @toddphillipchuk1406
    @toddphillipchuk14063 жыл бұрын

    Brilliant

  • @cha-ka8671
    @cha-ka86712 жыл бұрын

    Wow! Now that’s a no effort log splitter. But, how do you get the log into the hopper?

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    2 жыл бұрын

    I just scoop up the log with the hydraulics as it shows at the very beginning of the video

  • @cha-ka8671

    @cha-ka8671

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 I think my grand-daughter side tracked me at the beginning of the video. Thank you for pointing that out. My neighbor does landscaping, tree service, and firewood. He is a wicked awesome guy. I was thinking this is something he would be interested in. If you built this are you planning on making more of them for sale perhaps? Also, how many HP is your tractor? He has a 40HP and 70HP, both Kubota's. I just have a baby Tractor 24 HP TYM T264

  • @leviabrahamson3977
    @leviabrahamson39772 ай бұрын

    do you sell these. I'll buy one

  • @g.r.4853
    @g.r.48534 жыл бұрын

    wonder how long that plate at the bottom, which bend with each impact, will split off.

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    G. R. I had to weld it one time so far if it gives me any more trouble I’ll replace it with a heavier one.

  • @JPLawnsMore
    @JPLawnsMore3 жыл бұрын

    Wow!!!!

  • @Wertyingf
    @Wertyingf3 жыл бұрын

    Seems to work ok on soft wood but how about a piece of hickory or oak

  • @robertdixon9331
    @robertdixon93313 жыл бұрын

    thats cool

  • @milts_de
    @milts_de10 ай бұрын

    Is It, somehow possible to get in contact with you? Iam really interrested in this machine.

  • @kevinashby3784
    @kevinashby37842 жыл бұрын

    Interesting

  • @GoodwinCadet
    @GoodwinCadet3 жыл бұрын

    Насадка под конкретные задачи, а именно прямой как спички лес.

  • @dominoorlando6203
    @dominoorlando62033 жыл бұрын

    I want one.

  • @user-ln3qc2dl7n
    @user-ln3qc2dl7n4 жыл бұрын

    Лучше бы они вниз фольгу приклеили)))

  • @angeldepedro3249
    @angeldepedro32494 жыл бұрын

    Maravilla de árbol, supongo que pino, esbelto derecho, esplendoroso para sacar madera para utilidades superiores, ( construcción, muebles etc.) y se gasta para leña? Me parece un derroche doloroso. La máquina funciona a tope, nada que decir, Gran tecnología.

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    Angel De Pedro English please

  • @nikolaimichaelson9276
    @nikolaimichaelson92764 жыл бұрын

    What size cylinder are you using for shear split?

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    5 inch

  • @nikolaimichaelson9276

    @nikolaimichaelson9276

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 I'll be building something modeled after this for my skid steer. Max working pressure of 2200psi off of aux circuit. How thick of shear knife did you use? What kind of steel? Any thing you should of changed if you did again? Thanks again

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    Nikolai Michaelson 3/8 A.R. plate. You should have at least 30 gallons per minute to make it work fast enough my tractor has 45 gallons per minute .anything less than 30 gallons per minute would be very slow

  • @nikolaimichaelson9276

    @nikolaimichaelson9276

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 2nd thought, 40+ gpm tractor pto pump for hyd power. Looks like the case 1070 will be getting a quick attach FEL out of the deal. I've been looking for a simple way to mechanically process boiler wood. And this set up is definitely it.

  • @nikolaimichaelson9276

    @nikolaimichaelson9276

    4 жыл бұрын

    How long was the cylinder stroke?

  • @glenprevost6120
    @glenprevost61204 жыл бұрын

    nice unit i am going to build one what size of pipe is that

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    glen prevost 13.5 id

  • @dougw7587

    @dougw7587

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 How think is the pipe?

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@dougw7587 3/8

  • @dougw7587

    @dougw7587

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 thanks

  • @red66chevy
    @red66chevy3 жыл бұрын

    does it work on hard wood?

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    3 жыл бұрын

    I use it on Tamarack and it works fine.

  • @pc2753
    @pc27533 жыл бұрын

    Awesome is an over used word but appropriate here

  • @darrellinkster7385
    @darrellinkster73852 жыл бұрын

    Slick

  • @keonkim8851
    @keonkim8851 Жыл бұрын

    Could we buy ? I am an dealer in South Korea.

  • @AndrejGavriluk
    @AndrejGavriluk3 жыл бұрын

    А у нас ... топорами привыкли. Машину дров поколоть 10 $

  • @user-hk2cv9gr2w
    @user-hk2cv9gr2w4 жыл бұрын

    А затея неплохая

  • @yurii7884

    @yurii7884

    4 жыл бұрын

    Женя Москалев Чертов гений!!! )

  • @davidewasko9416
    @davidewasko94165 жыл бұрын

    this is the best one i have seen yet, i hope you see my comment as i would love to buy plans from you. dave from cloverleaf man.

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    5 жыл бұрын

    david ewasko Do you have a backhoe or something with a lot of hydraulic flow to run a machine like this?

  • @jasonm8376

    @jasonm8376

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 Hi Gary. I'm planning on building something like this for my 210 class excavator. What grade of steel did you use for your cutting edge? What thickness? Would flat dozer cutting edge be appropriate? Have you ever had problems with cracks developing at the V of your blade?

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    5 жыл бұрын

    Jason M I used 3/8 AR plate . It needs to be thin enough so it doesn’t create a whole Lotta resistance while it’s cutting. I am thinking of getting out of the wood business I might be selling this one if you’re interested?

  • @jasonm8376

    @jasonm8376

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 You can email me at marshall at goinet.ca

  • @delcasaleexcavating9508

    @delcasaleexcavating9508

    4 жыл бұрын

    Hi Gary, what is cutting the logs before you split them ?

  • @302hobronco
    @302hobronco4 жыл бұрын

    Im seeing a John Henry style competition coming up lol

  • @a.rodgers6111
    @a.rodgers61114 жыл бұрын

    Sincere question, who the hell burns pine? Edit: or spruce

  • @offgridbc6810

    @offgridbc6810

    4 жыл бұрын

    Most everyone in the West, next to hardwoods it is the hottest...we have birch out in the west that is hotter, but pine is more plentiful

  • @a.rodgers6111

    @a.rodgers6111

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@offgridbc6810 plentiful yes but my experience in canada pine runs so hot it ruins stoves? Maybe campfire wood business

  • @wyattbarnes4894
    @wyattbarnes48946 жыл бұрын

    Based on other shears I have seen I think I would have the shear split the block in half as it shears it off the log. Is your block separated before it is split, hard to tell in the video.

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    6 жыл бұрын

    Wyatt Barnes it splits the tree as it’s being sheared off

  • @trumanbarney3755
    @trumanbarney37553 жыл бұрын

    I'm not a labor, I'm an operator ;)

  • @richardcross6529
    @richardcross65294 жыл бұрын

    Any interest in selling it?

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    Richard Cross I might sell it I’m not sure yet ?? if I did the price would be $10,000 if you’re interested.

  • @timjoem5703

    @timjoem5703

    3 жыл бұрын

    Gary M would you build one ?

  • @1905934
    @19059342 жыл бұрын

    You can lift the unit over a trailer and fill the trailer... eliminating so many steps. Excellent machine

  • @user-dj2sz9jt7d
    @user-dj2sz9jt7d4 жыл бұрын

    Вот оборотов много

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    4 жыл бұрын

    Талгат Бекмурзин Da eto tak.

  • @hufl695
    @hufl6957 ай бұрын

    Hält von 12 bis mittag...😅

  • @user-vz9yr7wc7k
    @user-vz9yr7wc7k3 жыл бұрын

    Belarus 2021 OAO Xoldingovaya kompaniya Zabudova

  • @matthewb8462
    @matthewb84623 жыл бұрын

    Sure the hel won't work for hard wood

  • @offgridbc6810
    @offgridbc68103 жыл бұрын

    Finally got mine completed this summer. I put a video up. Have a look see and tell me what you think.

  • @garym3075

    @garym3075

    3 жыл бұрын

    OffGridBC looks pretty good. Do you have the control valve hooked up with limit switches or are you running it manually back-and-forth?

  • @offgridbc6810

    @offgridbc6810

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@garym3075 I just run it off of the control lever for the clam on the bucket. Seems to work pretty smooth that way. Will eventually make it more automatic.

  • @dirtbikewrecker4475
    @dirtbikewrecker44754 жыл бұрын

    We rarely get straight ass little logs like that. And we don’t burn pine

  • @offgridbc6810

    @offgridbc6810

    4 жыл бұрын

    Whats your point?

  • @dirtbikewrecker4475

    @dirtbikewrecker4475

    4 жыл бұрын

    OffGridBC are you basic?!? That splitter only does smaller logs and I’d be skeptical if it could handle hard woods

  • @mauricemccabe3847
    @mauricemccabe38472 жыл бұрын

    Don't like it.bottom plate bent. Limited to log size.

  • @chadcase5936
    @chadcase593611 ай бұрын

    I was a bit worried with a large number of fake reviews but I am very pleased with the results. Bit of background, kzread.infoUgkxmKn8dCAXovWn8_cLYoosGLVrVrpwlIMc I need to split approximately 1.5 cords of wood and didn't feel like destroying my back. I purchased this anticipating to have a few issues splitting wood but have only come across a few logs of elm where the stringy nature of elm made it more difficult to split. Overall its not a necessarily fast process but it also isn't a very arduous one either. I came and went fairly often to do different tasks but once I stayed and got into a system I could easily split my pieces in a fairly timely manner.