To support our work at Pro-Animal Future: proanimal.org/donation/
To support Sammie, Dolores, and Eleanor: www.rescuedfriends.org/donate
For help transitioning to a plant-based diet, including free assistance from registered dieticians:
veganbootcamp.org/
challenge22.com/
Studies cited in this video:
Boissy A, Aubert A, Désiré L, Greiveldinger L, Delval E, Veissier I. 2011. Cognitive sciences to relate ear postures to emotions in sheep. Anim. Welf. 20:47-56. doi:10.1017/s0962728600002426.
Clark MA, Domingo NGG, Colgan K, Thakrar SK, Tilman D, Lynch J, Azevedo IL, Hill JD. 2020. Global food system emissions could preclude achieving the 1.5° and 2°C climate change targets. Science 370:705-708. doi:10.1126/science.aba7357.
Da Costa AP, Leigh AE, Man MS, Kendrick KM. 2004. Face pictures reduce behavioural, autonomic, endocrine and neural indices of stress and fear in sheep. Proc. R. Soc. B 271:2077-2084. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2831.
Coulon M, Nowak R, Peyrat J, Chandèze H, Boissy A, Boivin X. 2015. Do lambs perceive regular human stroking as pleasant? Behavior and heart rate variability analyses. PLoS One 10:1-14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118617.
Ferreira G, Keller M, Saint-Dizier H, Perrin G, Lévy F. 2004. Transfer between views of conspecific faces at different ages or in different orientations by sheep. Behav. Process. 67:491-499. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.08.005.
Ginane C, Dumont B. 2010. Do grazing sheep use species-based categorization to select their diet? Behav. Process. 84:622-624. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2010.01.022.
Ginane C, Dumont B. 2011. Do sheep (Ovis aries) categorize plant species according to botanical family? Anim. Cogn. 14:369-376. doi:10.1007/s10071-010-0371-4.
Greiveldinger L, Veissier I, Boissy A. 2011. The ability of lambs to form expectations and the emotional consequences of a discrepancy from their expectations. Psychoneuroendocrinology 36:806-815. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.11.002.
Hild S, Clark CCA, Dwyer CM, Murrell JC, Mendl M, Zanella AJ. 2011. Ewes are more attentive to their offspring experiencing pain but not stress. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 132:114-120. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2011.04.003.
Hinch GN, Lynch JJ, Elwin RL, Green GC. 1990. Long-term associations between Merino ewes and their offspring. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 27:93-103. doi:10.1016/0168-1591(90)90009-3.
Kendrick KM, da Costa AP, Leigh AE, Hinton MR, Peirce JW. 2001. Sheep don’t forget a face. Nature. 414:165-166.
Keshavarzi H, Lee C, Dyall TR, Johnson M, Campbell DLM. 2023. Shared stressful experiences affect social proximity in Merino sheep. Biol. Lett. 19:2-7. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2022.0396.
Knolle F, Goncalves RP, Jennifer Morton A. 2017. Sheep recognize familiar and unfamiliar human faces from two-dimensional images. R. Soc. Open Sci. 4:171228. doi:10.1098/rsos.171228.
Nowak R, Keller M, Lévy F. 2011. Mother-young relationships in sheep: A model for a multidisciplinary approach of the study of attachment in mammals. J Neuroendocrinol. 23:1042-1053. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02205.x.
Peirce JW, Leigh AE, Kendrick KM. 2000. Configurational coding, familiarity and the right hemisphere advantage for face recognition in sheep. Neuropsychologia 38:475-483. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00088-3.
Poore J, Nemecek T. 2018. Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science 360:987-992. doi:10.1126/science.aaq0216.
Tate AJ, Fischer H, Leigh AE, Kendrick KM. 2006. Behavioural and neurophysiological evidence for face identity and face emotion processing in animals. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 361:2155-2172. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1937.
Villalba JJ, Provenza FD, Shaw R. 2006. Sheep self-medicate when challenged with illness-inducing foods. Anim. Behav. 71:1131-1139. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.09.012.