When Penguins Went From The Sky To The Sea

Ғылым және технология

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Today, we think of penguins as small-ish, waddling, tuxedo-birds. But they evolved from a flying ancestor, were actual giants for millions of years, and some of them were even dressed a little more casually.
Thank you to these paleoartists for allowing us to use their wonderful penguin illustrations:
Ceri Thomas: / alphynix
Stanton Fink: www.deviantart.com/avancna
Nobu Tamura: spinops.blogspot.com/
Julio Lacerda (cretaceous predator illustrations!): 252mya.com/gallery/julio-lacerda
Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: / pbsdigitalstudios
Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Anthony Callaghan, Anton Bryl, Jeff Graham, shelley floryd, Laura Sanborn, Henrik Peteri, Zachary Spencer, Chandler Bass, Richard Ohnemus, Joao Ascensao, Andrey, Ben Thorson, Marcus Lejon, Ilya Murashov, Nathan Paskett, Jerrit Erickson, Merri Snaidman, David Sewall, Gabriel Cortez, Jack Arbuckle, Kevin Griffin, Robert Noah, Philip Slingerland, Todd Dittman, James Bording, Eric Vonk, Robert Arévalo, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Jon Monteiro, Missy Elliott Smith, Jonathan Wright, Gregory Donovan, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, PS, Maria Humphrey, Larry Wilson, Hubert Rady, John Vanek, Tsee Lee, Daisuke Goto, Gregory Kintz, Matt Parker, Tyson Cleary, Case Hill, Stefan Weber, Betsy Radley
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References:
docs.google.com/document/d/1O...

Пікірлер: 1 500

  • @_opposition_721
    @_opposition_7214 жыл бұрын

    Just smile and wave boys, smile and wave

  • @biohazard724

    @biohazard724

    4 жыл бұрын

    Kowalski, report!

  • @chrisp5095

    @chrisp5095

    4 жыл бұрын

    Yeah, that what beaches are for! 😃 🌊

  • @misanthropickryptonian2626

    @misanthropickryptonian2626

    4 жыл бұрын

    Haha

  • @roysamson13

    @roysamson13

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@biohazard724 Skipper, it's some sort of moving picture detailing the evolution of our ancestors 🧐🐧👨‍🔬😝

  • @AndrewMcColl

    @AndrewMcColl

    4 жыл бұрын

    Here in NZ we prefer the 'East Coast wave' these days. Ask our Prime Minister for a demo ;)

  • @axobunny8904
    @axobunny89044 жыл бұрын

    Evolution: after so long, so many hard ships, so much effort, finally we can fly! Penguins: I’VE BEEN STARING AT THE EDGE OF THE WATER, LONG AS I CAN REMEMBER, NEVER REALLY KNOWING WHY-

  • @MargoMB19

    @MargoMB19

    4 жыл бұрын

    Dangit now I'll have that song stuck in my head all day!

  • @choryllis6646

    @choryllis6646

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@MargoMB19 it could be a worse song tbh

  • @DAT415

    @DAT415

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@choryllis6646 the snow glows white on the mountain tonight, not a footprint to be seen~

  • @RyanAlexanderBloom

    @RyanAlexanderBloom

    4 жыл бұрын

    Penguins may have gone a little way past the reef.

  • @DarthRoyGBiv

    @DarthRoyGBiv

    4 жыл бұрын

    *slow clap*

  • @LimeyLassen
    @LimeyLassen4 жыл бұрын

    Marine Reptiles: Gone for 5 minutes Penguins: _It's free real estate_

  • @shekelboob

    @shekelboob

    4 жыл бұрын

    what’s cool is that cladistically penguins are marine reptiles too 😨

  • @GundemaroSagrajas

    @GundemaroSagrajas

    4 жыл бұрын

    It's like the fish were the natives, the marine reptiles the first colonizers, then seabirds the new colonizers

  • @Frogboyaidan

    @Frogboyaidan

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@GundemaroSagrajas nah trilobites where the natives where the microbrd

  • @widodoakrom7032

    @widodoakrom7032

    4 жыл бұрын

    Actually 5 Millions years

  • @Pauly421

    @Pauly421

    4 жыл бұрын

    Nice stale meme well done

  • @teejaybee8222
    @teejaybee82224 жыл бұрын

    A 6-foot penguin? From behind you wouldn't be able to tell if it was a bird or a person in a suit!

  • @Psicrofilia

    @Psicrofilia

    4 жыл бұрын

    I would run anyway

  • @ekosubandie2094

    @ekosubandie2094

    4 жыл бұрын

    I'd like to hug it

  • @NARKISDUDE

    @NARKISDUDE

    4 жыл бұрын

    If they existed...surely a zookeeper would let one loose on Halloween.

  • @AlexssandroMeneses

    @AlexssandroMeneses

    4 жыл бұрын

    And or a Tall Nun!!!😅 Sister Michael from the Antarctic congregation of the holly penguin!🤣🐧

  • @FireurchinProductionsByzantium

    @FireurchinProductionsByzantium

    4 жыл бұрын

    *I would like to pet this creature*

  • @BorderWise12
    @BorderWise124 жыл бұрын

    New Zealand: proudly producing flightless birds for 61 million years! 🐧

  • @dubbingsync

    @dubbingsync

    4 жыл бұрын

    Flightless birds of all sizes as well. So New Zealand, the Land of the Birds.

  • @dakotakavana

    @dakotakavana

    3 жыл бұрын

    thats actually cool ngl

  • @mkhairiy78ify

    @mkhairiy78ify

    3 жыл бұрын

    That's alot of penguins. *I wanna live there-*

  • @biggerson51

    @biggerson51

    3 жыл бұрын

    Flightless bird machine

  • @leftistmillennial5741

    @leftistmillennial5741

    3 жыл бұрын

    🥝

  • @kingjiggle4th789
    @kingjiggle4th7894 жыл бұрын

    K O W A L S K I, A N A L Y S I S

  • @woodsplitter3274

    @woodsplitter3274

    4 жыл бұрын

    Skipper would be proud to know about his big relatives.

  • @CorneliusMonkeyButtThe3rd

    @CorneliusMonkeyButtThe3rd

    3 жыл бұрын

    i really wanna date the narrator , she is a beauty with a brain

  • @manassikdar1

    @manassikdar1

    3 жыл бұрын

    Analski, kowalisys

  • @dindinprivate3477
    @dindinprivate34774 жыл бұрын

    One other fact that may need to be taken into consideration; New Zealand developed a number of flightless birds due to the lack of predators in general on land as well as in the sea.

  • @stupendemysgeographicus5009

    @stupendemysgeographicus5009

    4 жыл бұрын

    Well, at the time New Zealand was not that different to other landmasses in terms of predators, not only because of a lack of many large predators globally, but also because it still had animals like crocodilians and small mammals that would later go extinct

  • @lily4351

    @lily4351

    4 жыл бұрын

    Yeah..when we broke away from Aus, only mammals that would've been capable of travelling over could have made it on land. Therefore we only have bats as our only indigenous mammal, they flew over. no snakes as well. Since flying meant extra energy, the birbs decided to just live on the floor or low branches. Sadly, humans introduced rats, possums, cats and dogs which killed off much of them including the majestic moa. Local tribes or early english settlements also hunted em quite a lot since they were easy af to snag.

  • @febeocampo9266

    @febeocampo9266

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@lily4351 i love the fact that u used birbs

  • @icollectstories5702

    @icollectstories5702

    4 жыл бұрын

    Then flightless birds started to eat each other, and there was a desperate, failing attempt to re-evolve flight.😁 Overhead, bats laughed.

  • @dindinprivate3477

    @dindinprivate3477

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@icollectstories5702 LOL

  • @ai.raiondesu
    @ai.raiondesu4 жыл бұрын

    "It's not a smol birb" 6:41

  • @drewdurant3835

    @drewdurant3835

    4 жыл бұрын

    You are correct

  • @blueicefiredemon3265

    @blueicefiredemon3265

    4 жыл бұрын

    i thought i was mistaken from hearing birb

  • @hannahpalmer6180

    @hannahpalmer6180

    4 жыл бұрын

    Came to comments for this

  • @ElvenChaos

    @ElvenChaos

    4 жыл бұрын

    Loved that part.

  • @lxjuani

    @lxjuani

    4 жыл бұрын

    D I V E

  • @MrLarryLicious
    @MrLarryLicious4 жыл бұрын

    1:48 "The thing to know about penguins-" Me: Is that they’re cute! "Is that they’re really specialized in underwater life." Me: yeah that’s right

  • @abebuckingham8198

    @abebuckingham8198

    3 жыл бұрын

    I'm really grateful for this comment because they didn't mention it in the video at all and I wouldn't have known they were cute otherwise. Thank you.

  • @notdaveschannel9843
    @notdaveschannel98434 жыл бұрын

    There was a story in a UK newspaper a couple of years back about how biologists in Antarctica had discovered a population of 1.5 million penguins they'd previously missed. But the headlines said "1.5M penguins discovered in Antarctica" and I read the M as metres. I was thinking A: How did you not notice them? B: Are you sure they're not nuns?

  • @steezywu

    @steezywu

    4 жыл бұрын

    I wasted my time reading this. So I’ma waste it commenting.

  • @sairajmenon556

    @sairajmenon556

    4 жыл бұрын

    Well, at least you now know there were 1.5 meter tall penguins a while ago.

  • @ElvenChaos

    @ElvenChaos

    4 жыл бұрын

    😂😂

  • @notapplicable6985

    @notapplicable6985

    4 жыл бұрын

    Reminds me of the penguins from at the mountans of madness

  • @paddor

    @paddor

    4 жыл бұрын

    In SI, M is always million, and m is always meter, unless used as a unit prefix. Then it means milli (thousandth), as in mm.

  • @SomasAcademy
    @SomasAcademy4 жыл бұрын

    I love how the giant penguins had similar proportions to modern penguins. They literally just look like they've been scaled up.

  • @chalkiewithdots

    @chalkiewithdots

    3 жыл бұрын

    *]*

  • @achaemenesthefifth

    @achaemenesthefifth

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@chalkiewithdots so true

  • @whitewolf3051

    @whitewolf3051

    Жыл бұрын

    Too bad they’re extinct, they were big enough to ride piggyback on land, or ride while whey swim.

  • @amongsakura2710
    @amongsakura27104 жыл бұрын

    can you cover why axolotls evolved to stay in their tadpole-like form? :)

  • @Pengulin

    @Pengulin

    3 жыл бұрын

    That sounds pretty interesting

  • @neB282

    @neB282

    3 жыл бұрын

    They have those strange gills I would think that’s caused by juvinileism or whatever it’s called

  • @themicroplanetblog1316

    @themicroplanetblog1316

    3 жыл бұрын

    Axolotls didn't evolve this. They do indeed have an adult form, but the few habitats that they live in (as they are extremely endangered) lack a specific chemical that triggers their metamorphosis (I believe this is iodine). Axolotls have been made to become adults in laboratory environments. However, neotony (which is when an organism stays in its juvenile stage) has evolved several times, and so must have some evolutionary benefit in some cases. In fact, there is even a theory that all modern chordates evolved from the neotenous larvae of an early tunicate (tunicates, or urochordates, are fascinating in and of themselves; their larvae have a notochord and are free swimming, but the adults lack the former and are sessile!).

  • @neB282

    @neB282

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@themicroplanetblog1316 it's possible to force an axolotl to metamorphose. The result looks like a tiger salamander, but the transition is unnatural and shortens the axolotls life so the axolotl has physically evolved to not react to those pheromones as strongly as tiger salamanders And is also incapable of producing them. Edit: sorry for the misunderstanding I typed to soon, that was my fault. But not to be rude your comment is kinda misleading, in the start it says that axolotls didn’t evolve this then it talks about Neotony and that’s a form of evolution?

  • @tonytomato100

    @tonytomato100

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@themicroplanetblog1316 they're sterile if you do thar are they not?

  • @booksaremysociallife
    @booksaremysociallife4 жыл бұрын

    Penguins are the derpiest dinos. I love them.

  • @proudpapaprick

    @proudpapaprick

    4 жыл бұрын

    I see your penguin and raise you a shoebill.

  • @smooth_sundaes5172

    @smooth_sundaes5172

    4 жыл бұрын

    Pelicans not far behind

  • @Newbmann

    @Newbmann

    4 жыл бұрын

    You feathered freak Oh sorry I'm a scaly dinosaur fan I'm sorry for getting emotional there.

  • @Hat-

    @Hat-

    4 жыл бұрын

    Same!

  • @Hat-

    @Hat-

    4 жыл бұрын

    newb mann Some dinosaurs had feathers too! Do you try to avoid that possibility?

  • @BloodyTwoFacedMuffin
    @BloodyTwoFacedMuffin4 жыл бұрын

    Not only did I love this video, but the fact that she said "birb" instead of "bird" makes me incredibly happy.

  • @akumaking1

    @akumaking1

    4 жыл бұрын

    Birb

  • @prismaticc_abyss

    @prismaticc_abyss

    4 жыл бұрын

    The subtitles also said "smol birb"

  • @chrisp5095

    @chrisp5095

    4 жыл бұрын

    I had to rewind that, too! Hee hee... She's cute, saying it. Still speaks better than most! overall. One word out of 1000? Yeah, 99.9%= A, on a curve, though? I'd give an A+. My neighbor I baby sat for called"Fire Trucks", "Fire F*cks".. I never corrected him, since his dad didn't...

  • @BloodyTwoFacedMuffin

    @BloodyTwoFacedMuffin

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@prismaticc_abyss I rewatched it with the captions on, and it made it even better.

  • @kaiganardea9275

    @kaiganardea9275

    4 жыл бұрын

    Call me rude but that's the only thing I didn't like about the video. Evolution to me isn't playful

  • @WoobooRidesAgain
    @WoobooRidesAgain4 жыл бұрын

    Business Geese, still marketable after 61 million years : D

  • @Newbmann

    @Newbmann

    4 жыл бұрын

    These birb stock broker's might make me go broke

  • @Newbmann

    @Newbmann

    4 жыл бұрын

    @Timothy Somerville ahem archaeopteryx ahem Buriolestes do I need to go on While I agree that evolution is not "proven" there is much more behind the theory which is what it is than just faith Also I know technically they are no transitional fossils in the same vein there is no "Asian culture" there both colloquial term but both what else would you call a species such as the ones I listed above. There's a reason why the term is in use it simplifies a very complex thing.

  • @Newbmann

    @Newbmann

    4 жыл бұрын

    @Timothy Somerville sigh you realize that there is literally no single "Asian culture" but rather dozens of them you realize Arab,Chinese,Tibetan,Siberian,Japanese,Kazakh,Okanawin,and Indonesian cultures are all from Asian but which one would be "Asian culture" then? Also I only used 2 Greco-Roman words there and it was Buriolestes and archaeopteryx both of which were real creatures which you would know If you did real research yourself rather than depending on others to do research for you I HOPE YOU REALIZE REAL LIFE IS NOTHING LIKE SCHOOL NO ONE WILL PROVIDE REAL "PROOF" SINCE HARD PROOF IS SUBJECTIVE ANYWAYS. BTW you really should at the very least do research for yourself since if you did you would know most paleontologists hate using the word "transitional fossil" since we'll it's not like they never stop "transitioning" they always are it's just "transitional fossils" are the clearest example of it. And if you REALLY TO LAZY TO DO RESEARCH ON YOUR OWN THEN FINE HERE YOU GO en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactritida, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkenia, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiktaalik, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodophis, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeopteryx, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrinaxodon, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutchicetus, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus, do I need to go on? There are examples of this JUST DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH OK.

  • @blastulae

    @blastulae

    4 жыл бұрын

    @Timothy Somerville All species are transitional to new species or going extinct. The evidence for transitions in the history of life is overwhelming, not just from abundant fossils but every other line of evidence as well. Evolution is a fact, observed every day in every way and inferred from past evidence. No faith required. Just the facts. BTW, science doesn't do proof. That's for math. Science does confirmation of testable predictions or showing them false.

  • @paulohenriqueferreiradealm1893

    @paulohenriqueferreiradealm1893

    4 жыл бұрын

    @Timothy Somerville Actually it is. and observing the fossil record trhugout the eaons it is possible to observe the similarities between species, how the enviroment around them changed and how that change affected the pressures under which they lived, thus altering the way they evolve. Let's take the Titanoboa, per example: it is observable that these giant snakes lived in a period of great heat and increased biodiversity in the rivers of the region of moder Amazom, which gave them the means to be bigger. That's particulary noticeble when you observe that there was no colossal snakes before (when the dinossaurs had the upper niches ocupaied and would be to great a competition) nor after the titanoboas (coinciding with the cooling with the planet, which wouldn't allow the survival of such big reptails). There, an example of transition of snakes from normal and big sized, to gargantuan and then back to normal and big. In relation to the lexicon of our friend over there, I would like to remark that a word is not fancy just because you do not understand it. Greek and Latin terms are comom use in science because the first is a dead language and, thus, don't change over time, and the other is being used in the west for scientific naming since before Rome itself, so it is a basic pattern by now. Also, your argument about seeing an Asian Culture, in the way the colegue upwards presented and that you put it, is wrong, although he shows understanding of it while you do not. There is not something like a single "Asian Culture" given how big and diverse Asia is. So no, you have not seen, putting bluntly, "Asian Culture" unless you refering to a much major cultural spectrum which has in commom only it's location on a world map. Would be the same as saying you know Canada's culture because you were in Mexico and since they´re "near" than they the same. Furthermore, your proposition that since you haven't seen something, it isin't real is wrong. You cannot see, nor experience the crushing pressure of the sea floor, still, you trust the information that is sent to you that down there you would have every bone of your body flatenned by the weight of the sea alone. The universe is too big for us to explore and undertand it all in our short lives, so we need to relly on other people telling about things we ourselves have not seem and talk about the work of phenomena we do not understand. And while it is valid that we take everything with a grain of salt, if the vast majority of scientists have been suporting a given teory for centuries, with no new information ever questioning it, it stands to reason that is the truth, or at least, a sufficent version of the truth for or day and age, but a part of THE truth, notheless. It is the argument of the engineers: If you have the plans for a house but 99 of the hundred engineers you asked says the house would fall if built, you would not trust the single one who says it will stand. Also, reduce the insults, we are trying to make a civilized discussion here.

  • @cristianvillanueva8782
    @cristianvillanueva87824 жыл бұрын

    "Wanna go penguin sledding with me?"

  • @cristianvillanueva8782

    @cristianvillanueva8782

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Makaneek5060 you've got no idea how long I've been waiting for this lawl XD

  • @apoccooking4364

    @apoccooking4364

    4 жыл бұрын

    Lmaoooo Humans probably COULD go sledding on some of these, and I... Would probably try to train one to let people, if they were still around.

  • @talhajawed848

    @talhajawed848

    4 жыл бұрын

    I luv dis commuent

  • @mkhairiy78ify

    @mkhairiy78ify

    3 жыл бұрын

    "Sure, bro. C'mon, let's go!"

  • @maykenyagin8955

    @maykenyagin8955

    2 ай бұрын

    Those giant penguins sound kinda like an avatar animal...

  • @mikachuily5646
    @mikachuily56464 жыл бұрын

    Yeah everything you mentioned is cool and all, but did you know that penguins can also tap dance?

  • @cintronproductions9430

    @cintronproductions9430

    4 жыл бұрын

    I knew that. But did you know they can also surf?

  • @flofromprogressive4166

    @flofromprogressive4166

    4 жыл бұрын

    Don't forget there beautiful musical talents

  • @ericsuarez834

    @ericsuarez834

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@cintronproductions9430 I knew that. But did you know they also like to wear cute red and white hats?

  • @alioramus1637

    @alioramus1637

    4 жыл бұрын

    Happy feet reference?

  • @biohazard724

    @biohazard724

    4 жыл бұрын

    They also have brand loyalty for colas

  • @manuel9219
    @manuel92194 жыл бұрын

    Giant penguins look like they could pierce your abdomen repeatability leaving a bunch of see-through holes

  • @DJCallidus
    @DJCallidus4 жыл бұрын

    Love penguins. They look regal and goofy at the same time. Also hard as nails.

  • @Hiznogood

    @Hiznogood

    4 жыл бұрын

    Atom-Phyr Royals are often goofy, to much inbreeding I guess!

  • @Jim58223
    @Jim582234 жыл бұрын

    Giant Penguins? H.P. Lovecraft has entered the chat.

  • @christopherstory514

    @christopherstory514

    4 жыл бұрын

    *Cthulhu wants to know your location*

  • @jlworrad

    @jlworrad

    4 жыл бұрын

    Jim Ferdinando I was hoping someone here would mention that.

  • @Psicrofilia

    @Psicrofilia

    4 жыл бұрын

    So did Allan Poe

  • @jackgrattan1447

    @jackgrattan1447

    4 жыл бұрын

    They didn't say anything about blind albino ones though.

  • @jlworrad

    @jlworrad

    4 жыл бұрын

    Jack Grattan They’re the ones you really have to be careful with. Them and the shoggoths...

  • @b.griffin317
    @b.griffin3174 жыл бұрын

    8:40 Newly evolved whale says to self: "Oooo! Yum! Sea chicken!" 🤣

  • @blastulae

    @blastulae

    4 жыл бұрын

    Tastes like fish!

  • @FloozieOne
    @FloozieOne2 жыл бұрын

    It is sad that documentaries about penguins usually only show them on land during their nesting phase. They look clunky and slow, but in the water they truly do fly. I suppose it is pretty hard to get good video of them since they swim so fast and can turn all the way around and go the other way in less than a second, but watching them fly about underwater is a joyous experience. Thanks for incorporating some of their amazing acrobatics in this episode.

  • @Leomoon101
    @Leomoon1014 жыл бұрын

    I'm glad Eons finally has a chance to talk about the evolution of Penguins. It's pretty awesome to note that there is still more to discover.

  • @TheWindWhispers
    @TheWindWhispers4 жыл бұрын

    This is like being in grad school all over again. I worked on penguin feather microstructure in paleontology grad school at UT Austin in a lab almost entirely devoted to penguin evolution. Definitely think I touched some Waimanu bones while in Texas. One of the other grad students was working on the evolution of wing-propelled diving and worked with some New Zealand paleontologists who worked on Waimanu. Also, my grad advisor discovered Inkayacu. Did you guys consult Dr. Julia Clarke at UT Austin? This is a lot of what she researches.

  • @DeluxxeTrash
    @DeluxxeTrash4 жыл бұрын

    Please make a video about insect evolution! From crusteans living in the sea to the first insects! So many people know about the vertebrae evolution from fish to reptile and nothing about insects!

  • @chrisp5095

    @chrisp5095

    4 жыл бұрын

    I just read the little Roly-Poly is the only creature of its kind on land. They are the link you are looking for, I believe. I think I saw a recent SciShow video discussing that

  • @DeluxxeTrash

    @DeluxxeTrash

    4 жыл бұрын

    Chris P not really, it's a cool animal but it's still a crustacean. For example: the platypus isn't the missing link between reptiles and mammals, doesn't matter that it lays eggs like a reptile :)

  • @Alusnovalotus

    @Alusnovalotus

    4 жыл бұрын

    DeluxXe Trash calm down, weevil underwood, they’ll get to it.

  • @christopherstory514

    @christopherstory514

    4 жыл бұрын

    This!

  • @orrithoreggertsson3000

    @orrithoreggertsson3000

    4 жыл бұрын

    Great idea! I would love that

  • @eightypuff01
    @eightypuff014 жыл бұрын

    It's weird that penguins never took the leap into the big oceans such as other land mammals, whales. Perhaps we need a couple of million years more before we see deep sea penguins at the same sizes a s blue whales.

  • @blackpeko5753

    @blackpeko5753

    4 жыл бұрын

    I'd like to see one of that size

  • @kelbyreid7254

    @kelbyreid7254

    4 жыл бұрын

    Probably because the niches were already occupied by mammals and fish.

  • @RavinRay

    @RavinRay

    4 жыл бұрын

    In the book *After Man: A Zoology of the Future* by geologist Dougal Dixon, penguins did just that, after whales went extinct. Two species are depicted, the porpoise-like porpin and the baleen whale-like vortex.

  • @commonpepe2270

    @commonpepe2270

    4 жыл бұрын

    i don't think being the size of a blue whale is really an option when you have to return to land to breed.

  • @dallanledford6364

    @dallanledford6364

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@kelbyreid7254 Check out After Man. The book has a species of filter feeding penguin called the Vortex.

  • @29jgirl92
    @29jgirl924 жыл бұрын

    I love that they always put the animal next to the person, to really put the size in perspective! Really helps to picture it!

  • @andrewdellapiazza6118
    @andrewdellapiazza61183 жыл бұрын

    I don’t know, having a penguin that’s a foot taller than me stare down at me sounds pretty intimidating

  • @jenhofmann

    @jenhofmann

    2 жыл бұрын

    Look up the cassowary. (shudder)

  • @icollectstories5702
    @icollectstories57024 жыл бұрын

    I speculate penguins became less colorful as they became prey. Or when they started to obsess about getting promoted.

  • @OzAndyify

    @OzAndyify

    4 жыл бұрын

    Ocean camo: dark on top, light underneath. Good for hunters and hunted.

  • @rangitauiramorrison5321
    @rangitauiramorrison53214 жыл бұрын

    Another fun fact: In NZ Waimanu literately means "water bird" Wai: Water Manu: Bird

  • @vultschlange

    @vultschlange

    2 жыл бұрын

    Is Waimanu Maori for penguin too?

  • @VictorbrineSC
    @VictorbrineSC4 жыл бұрын

    Marine reptiles: *die* Birds and mammals: "It's free real estate"

  • @natjonestower3035
    @natjonestower30354 жыл бұрын

    Accidentally finding this channel is one of the best things that has happened to me in the last year. Keep up the good work!

  • @LennerPOPPADOPALIS89
    @LennerPOPPADOPALIS894 жыл бұрын

    Damn, penguin ancestors were huge!

  • @dondragmer2412

    @dondragmer2412

    4 жыл бұрын

    @Michael F. Tommey Not everything. The first reptiles, the first amphibians, the first fish, the first mammals, and maybe the first birds were quite small. Probably true for most vertebrates too. And prehistoric microbes were just as small as today's.

  • @hoidthings5728
    @hoidthings57284 жыл бұрын

    Can you say anything about evolution of ruminants, especially deers? I've heard that there were some weird cancer-related stuff about their antlers...

  • @chrisp5095

    @chrisp5095

    4 жыл бұрын

    Look up the Chinese tonic, "Pantocrin", made from deer antler,, I read in the book, "Chinese Tonic Herbs", written by Ray T... ? ("Tenuchigowan", spelling phonetically as best i recall from 20 years ago).

  • @hoidthings5728

    @hoidthings5728

    4 жыл бұрын

    I'll check that out, thank you

  • @iainmawhinney8867

    @iainmawhinney8867

    4 жыл бұрын

    probably the first thing we call a deer got cancer in its horn buds (where the horns grow out of on the head), but it didn’t die and the cancer didn’t spread anywhere else

  • @rowanheart8122

    @rowanheart8122

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@iainmawhinney8867 does this mean that one day the jackalope could be real?

  • @nikecanalicchio6716

    @nikecanalicchio6716

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@iainmawhinney8867 Wait, cancer can be inherited?

  • @christopheb9221
    @christopheb92214 жыл бұрын

    I wonder if living on a ground predator free island like in new zealand lead to flightlessness and island gigantism

  • @earthknight60

    @earthknight60

    4 жыл бұрын

    We know that it does. There are many, many cases of that happening all over the world with a range of unrelated species.

  • @Wainis

    @Wainis

    4 жыл бұрын

    Yeah, new land predators spreading to the living habitats of the giant penguins might have wiped them out..

  • @pablolongobardi7240

    @pablolongobardi7240

    4 жыл бұрын

    It certainly led to penguinism

  • @lyreparadox

    @lyreparadox

    4 жыл бұрын

    New Zealand wasn't predator-free at the time? Neither was Antarctica - check out the video on Marsupials.

  • @emersonmcdaniel2023
    @emersonmcdaniel20233 жыл бұрын

    I never knew I needed to hear her say "birb"

  • @andreshernandez3724
    @andreshernandez37244 жыл бұрын

    It would be helpful for reference, if when showing the dates when they jumped from island to continent to continent, if you would show the land masses as they appeared then, rather than how close they appear today.

  • @aarspar
    @aarspar4 жыл бұрын

    Huge penguins: I'm big. I'm scary. I'm hungry. Humans: AWWWW IT'S SO CUTE AND SQUISHY CAN I HUG IT PLEASE PLEASE Huge penguins: *surprised Pikachu face

  • @alpinestrawberry218
    @alpinestrawberry2184 жыл бұрын

    yes you talked about Little Blue Penguins! i recently learned they exist and they're one of my new favorite animals (too bad there are none at the zoos near me.)

  • @millie-mayprice891

    @millie-mayprice891

    4 жыл бұрын

    Can confirm, they are the best. I have seen them in the wild and at my local zoo, and they are the cutest!

  • @nuamarusaenz6548

    @nuamarusaenz6548

    4 жыл бұрын

    It is not a bad thing that they are not in a zoo... They are free! Be happy for them.

  • @dondragmer2412

    @dondragmer2412

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@nuamarusaenz6548 Many animals in zoos are also free. In the wild most animals are not that free because not only do humans restrict their territories but other animals do too.

  • @YatiAcharya
    @YatiAcharya4 жыл бұрын

    Smallish waddling tuxedo birds 🤣🤣🤣❤️

  • @jacksondosreis1700
    @jacksondosreis17004 жыл бұрын

    7:45 I just wanna hug them

  • @rowanheart8122

    @rowanheart8122

    4 жыл бұрын

    Bury my head in it's chest feathers

  • @miguelmontenegro3520

    @miguelmontenegro3520

    4 жыл бұрын

    Until It falls on you

  • @nandhasaran

    @nandhasaran

    4 жыл бұрын

    U mean both of them?🤣

  • @jacksondosreis1700

    @jacksondosreis1700

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@nandhasaran definitely. I love the crew behind this show

  • @mboatrightED300
    @mboatrightED3004 жыл бұрын

    The world is shutting down but we still have PBS Eon! Thank you for releasing this video!

  • @twothreebravo
    @twothreebravo4 жыл бұрын

    "See what I did there?" Me: "I SEA what you did there."

  • @lnarenkumar2327

    @lnarenkumar2327

    2 жыл бұрын

    Good one😩👌

  • @MAYERMAKES
    @MAYERMAKES4 жыл бұрын

    the moment yxou realize HP lovecrafts giant penguins in the mountain of madness are based on actual fossils.....mind = blown

  • @menkomonty
    @menkomonty4 жыл бұрын

    I wonder if they'll do a video on the evolution of walruses?

  • @conqwiztadore2213

    @conqwiztadore2213

    4 жыл бұрын

    They were 🐘 that got lazy and lost Thier legs but kept Thier tusks

  • @ijustpulledthetrigger5482

    @ijustpulledthetrigger5482

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@conqwiztadore2213 imagine

  • @dondragmer2412

    @dondragmer2412

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@conqwiztadore2213 Laziness had nothing to do with it. Diving deeper than many whales is hard work, and digging out molluscs from the sea bottom with their tusks is too.

  • @ariesblack4449
    @ariesblack44494 жыл бұрын

    Giant penguins make me feel anxious😂

  • @idontwantahandlethough
    @idontwantahandlethough Жыл бұрын

    I love penguins! They look so cute and fancy :)

  • @BerdFly
    @BerdFly4 жыл бұрын

    I probably sound like a kid but i really love that you guys show pics, animation and vids

  • @qtaylor2747
    @qtaylor27474 жыл бұрын

    I can't imagine a six feet penguin no matter how hard I try

  • @qtaylor2747

    @qtaylor2747

    4 жыл бұрын

    @Michael F. Tommey 😂😂

  • @RyanAlexanderBloom
    @RyanAlexanderBloom4 жыл бұрын

    Why has nobody ever mentioned megafaunal penguins before?! I needed to know this. There are tons places where you can learn about mammoths, mastodons, wooly rhinos, etc. and even other mega birds are pretty commonly cited, elephant bird, giant emu, and other giant land birds... but NOBoDY ever mentioned mega penguins before that I ever saw. This is totally new information to me.

  • @gabor_kov
    @gabor_kov4 жыл бұрын

    And now they have evolved into an operating system with many species we call distros, amazing!

  • @summer_ray_photography
    @summer_ray_photography4 жыл бұрын

    6:42 "It's not a small birb" rotfl😂😂😂

  • @Weirdoid
    @Weirdoid4 жыл бұрын

    First thought on the murre. "Alcides are evolving to be the next penguins!" Then I realized that already happened but we killed it.

  • @killdozer7792

    @killdozer7792

    4 жыл бұрын

    R.I.P., Great Auk with Big Dreams.

  • @Shantosh9550
    @Shantosh95504 жыл бұрын

    Please do an episode titled "When India was an island". Thanks.

  • @aaronmarks9366

    @aaronmarks9366

    4 жыл бұрын

    Yesss, I second this

  • @salmannazeer2688

    @salmannazeer2688

    4 жыл бұрын

    Poli saanam

  • @LtNduati
    @LtNduati4 жыл бұрын

    I'm just imagining people sized penguins being as inquisitive and bold as they are now, just walking up to people and it's both terrific and terrifying

  • @whitewolf3051

    @whitewolf3051

    Жыл бұрын

    Yeah, but they were big enough to ride on their backs as they swim, or piggyback on land.

  • @donna30044
    @donna300444 жыл бұрын

    Rete mirabile ('rā tā mi 'rah bi lā) From Latin to Italian: Amazing net

  • @xenomorphoverlord
    @xenomorphoverlord4 жыл бұрын

    1:25 That is actually wrong. They're semi aquatic, because they're unable to spend all their time underwater, and still have to come on land to lay eggs and keep them safe.

  • @conqwiztadore2213

    @conqwiztadore2213

    4 жыл бұрын

    Ok professor what ever you say

  • @dillongage7628

    @dillongage7628

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@conqwiztadore2213 hes right. That's the basics of aquatic versus terrestrial animals. If you can still come on land and move around, you're not fully aquatic.

  • @nahailyenvanakkor
    @nahailyenvanakkor4 жыл бұрын

    Evolution is so fascinating (and mysterious)!

  • @AverageThinking

    @AverageThinking

    3 жыл бұрын

    So mysterious that there isn’t a single fossil of the necessarily very long transition periods between major evolutionary stages of literally any species.

  • @MMAFanFromKrypton
    @MMAFanFromKrypton4 жыл бұрын

    The speaker looks a tiny bit like Artemis from "It's ALWAYS Sunny in Philadelphia".

  • @kristijuana
    @kristijuana2 жыл бұрын

    As some who is obsessed with penguins my life is more complete knowing this new information

  • @veggieboyultimate
    @veggieboyultimate4 жыл бұрын

    Seriously, almost every modern animals’ ancestors after the K/T extinction started to grow much bigger than their modern descendants. (Reptiles, crocodiles, and birds)

  • @dillongage7628

    @dillongage7628

    3 жыл бұрын

    I wish they had stayed big. Giant penguins are way cooler than elephants and whales.

  • @synonymous1079
    @synonymous10794 жыл бұрын

    Ay, another victory for the great courses plus in the great sponsorship wars of 2020. Brilliant, what say you?!

  • @alexisalvarez6336
    @alexisalvarez6336 Жыл бұрын

    My kid and I have been watching your videos since the onset of Covid. Thank you for providing this content, and kudos to your contributions to educational history.

  • @Kastor774
    @Kastor7744 жыл бұрын

    I can't believe the internet memed birb, smol and snek into the dictionary.

  • @jabby6709

    @jabby6709

    4 жыл бұрын

    THE POWER OF THE INTERNET!

  • @alioramus1637
    @alioramus16374 жыл бұрын

    Awesome content! I suspected before that penguin ancestors looked like guillemots and razorbills .maybe next time a video about Abelisaurids rise to apex predators in gondwana,

  • @krankarvolund7771

    @krankarvolund7771

    4 жыл бұрын

    Fun fact, penguin came from the Great Auk, which was a flightless cousin of guillemot and razorbills and were called pengouin in many languages (scientific name is pinguinus actually ^^). And in french, we call the auks "pingouin" and the penguins "manchots" (literally armless XD), which cause a great confusion when translating english "penguin" ^^

  • @whoisjoemama
    @whoisjoemama4 жыл бұрын

    6:42 she says “birb”

  • @Msmotionocean
    @Msmotionocean4 жыл бұрын

    This is such a good and interesting video! Thanks!

  • @IsaoSoichiro
    @IsaoSoichiro9 ай бұрын

    1:49 "they're really specialized for underwater life" *shows the most adorable awkward movement 💕

  • @heidihall2256
    @heidihall22564 жыл бұрын

    I have loved penguins since I did a science report in 5th grade oh so long ago. Really would have loved to have seen a 6 foot tall one.

  • @TheDinosaurus99
    @TheDinosaurus994 жыл бұрын

    Love that video. Dont forgot the 2 evolutionary history episodes: one about pinnipeds and the other tyrannosaurids

  • @hettyscetty9785
    @hettyscetty97854 жыл бұрын

    I have to say this, but it really goes without saying. I LOVE PENGUINS!!!

  • @composerdoh
    @composerdoh4 жыл бұрын

    Please don't stop making these videos while we're all quarantined. We NEED you. Please stay safe and healthy and keep safe distances from each other w/ minimal crew while doing it though. But.... can you like keep making them from your basements or something?

  • @jmgirard7
    @jmgirard74 жыл бұрын

    Never clicked on an Eons video so quickly. Penguins are my favorite. Are there theories as to why the penguin didnt expand beyond the southern hemisphere or of a similar separate evolution in the northern? Was hoping to a little something on that.

  • @lyreparadox

    @lyreparadox

    4 жыл бұрын

    Supposedly it has to do with land predators that will eat their eggs, and possibly an inability to withstand warmer temperatures as they get closer to the equator. I'd like to know why we don't have river penguins - there are river dolphins...

  • @killerspreet7318

    @killerspreet7318

    4 жыл бұрын

    They are not adapted to the land predators of the north, like polar bears and wolves.

  • @dondragmer2412

    @dondragmer2412

    4 жыл бұрын

    There are penguins that live as far north as the Galapagos Islands just south of the equator. Perhaps competition from other sea birds such as auks prevented them from moving further north.

  • @OptimusDelta
    @OptimusDelta4 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for making these great videos during these period of uncertainty and fear.always grateful for sharing your knowledge.Wishing everyone the best for the tough times ahead.

  • @anna_in_aotearoa3166
    @anna_in_aotearoa3166 Жыл бұрын

    OK, HOW did I go to primary school in NZ & never learn about our human-height paleo-penguins?? 😳 Thank you as always PBS Eons for enormously expanding my knowledge of our long history! 🙏

  • @thomasmosner7130
    @thomasmosner71304 жыл бұрын

    Kelly said “birb” 6:44 ish, I’m weak

  • @altaccount9903

    @altaccount9903

    4 жыл бұрын

    6:42

  • @HeadsFullOfEyeballs
    @HeadsFullOfEyeballs4 жыл бұрын

    2:11 Should be pronounced _RAY-tay mee-RAH-bee-lay,_ since it's Latin for "wondrous net".

  • @probabilmente_paolo

    @probabilmente_paolo

    4 жыл бұрын

    It is a Latin and Italian world (I'm Italian), should be pronunced as it is wrote

  • @thedoruk6324
    @thedoruk63244 жыл бұрын

    In addition there were; literal *Giant* Goliathal Species of Penguin that easily dwarfs Humans

  • @olliewilliams2320

    @olliewilliams2320

    4 жыл бұрын

    The DORUK doubt

  • @dondragmer2412

    @dondragmer2412

    4 жыл бұрын

    I don't think that's true. But maybe some day they'll discover one. Crossvallia and Waimea were only slightly larger than an average human male.

  • @killerqueenisbestmanneko8419

    @killerqueenisbestmanneko8419

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@dondragmer2412 p. Klekowskii was nearly 7 feet tall and anthropornis was 5'10"

  • @dillongage7628

    @dillongage7628

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@killerqueenisbestmanneko8419 neither of those are larger than humans. Neither of those "easily dwarf" humans. The tallest man ever was closer to 8ft than to 7ft. Were I live 6ft 6inches is not uncommon for men. 6ft is about average height here. If you want to dwarf and almost 7 ft man you need to he atleast 14ft tall.

  • @killerqueenisbestmanneko8419

    @killerqueenisbestmanneko8419

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@dillongage7628 i have never met someone over 6'5". And that was only once. Most people i see are in the 5'0-5'10" range l

  • @user-ud9oj
    @user-ud9oj4 жыл бұрын

    9:51 hahaha she's adorable 😂

  • @AngelOfDarknesss95
    @AngelOfDarknesss954 жыл бұрын

    I've never had more of an interest in penguins till now 🐧

  • @lbraine2313
    @lbraine23134 жыл бұрын

    Yaaaay eons during quarantine! Thanks for the brain candy!!!

  • @thatrandomloser3808

    @thatrandomloser3808

    4 жыл бұрын

    lol its sad that we're all in that state

  • @lbraine2313

    @lbraine2313

    4 жыл бұрын

    It is but I’m glad they so many people are trying to flatten the curve. “It’s Okay to be Smart” dropped a good video about it the other day

  • @Vitringur
    @Vitringur4 жыл бұрын

    She is like Benedict Cumberbatch. She says pingwings rather than penguins.

  • @Alusnovalotus

    @Alusnovalotus

    4 жыл бұрын

    Vitringur love it!!!

  • @Hiznogood

    @Hiznogood

    4 жыл бұрын

    She pronounces it like we do in Sweden, we say pingvin, I find it quite cute!

  • @edymadrid5350
    @edymadrid53504 жыл бұрын

    Imagine hugging a giant penguin🐧

  • @avariceseven9443
    @avariceseven94434 жыл бұрын

    Penguins along with turtles are two of my favorite animals when I was a kid. There's something fun and fascinating about them.

  • @PlainsPup
    @PlainsPup4 жыл бұрын

    2:05 - Rete mirabile is pronounced like this: “REE-tee mir-AH-bil-ee”. In Latin it means “miracle network.”

  • @eritain

    @eritain

    4 жыл бұрын

    I would have gone with reh-teh mi-ra-bi-leh, but potato, potato. Point is, Latin doesn't have silent-e spellings (or any other silent letters really).

  • @PlainsPup

    @PlainsPup

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@eritain Exactly. Whether you Anglicize the final "e" as an "ee" sound, or whether your keep it Romance as an "eh" sound, the point is that the "-bile" in the word "mirabile" is not pronounced like the bile stored in our gall bladders. "Mirabile" is Latin for "miracle" (lit. "spectacle" or "a thing to behold"), and is pronounced accordingly.

  • @TheOtherNeutrino
    @TheOtherNeutrino3 жыл бұрын

    Everyone: Penguins Eons enjoyers: Marine dinosaurs

  • @grandmundi7107
    @grandmundi71074 жыл бұрын

    I really like it that they use metric units here.

  • @odizzido
    @odizzido4 жыл бұрын

    Something I really like about this channel is that you guys say things like "it could be this, but maybe this, we're not sure". I don't watch TV myself but when I am around people that do they always really stretch the truth, present the least likely explanation like it's the only one and fact, or just lie. You guys seem to avoid that which I really appreciate. Thanks for all your quality content :)

  • @SuperLoops
    @SuperLoops4 жыл бұрын

    penguins and albatri are my favourite birds 💕

  • @timothymoore8549

    @timothymoore8549

    4 жыл бұрын

    Puffins

  • @justanotherjosh5293
    @justanotherjosh52934 жыл бұрын

    Imagine being chased by a 6'6" tall penguin. 😱

  • @dondragmer2412

    @dondragmer2412

    4 жыл бұрын

    Probably no problem outrunning it on land but no doubt could easily catch you in the water. But I think we are "fish" too large for us to tempt their appetites.

  • @MoondogMadness
    @MoondogMadness3 жыл бұрын

    It’s 2am and pbs wants to teach me again....we’ve come full circle ⭕️

  • @anushaimran4079
    @anushaimran40793 жыл бұрын

    6:41 " It's not a smol birb"

  • @opalessance
    @opalessance4 жыл бұрын

    I kinda want a me sized penguin to cuddle with now :)

  • @PainterVierax
    @PainterVierax4 жыл бұрын

    9:51 I genuinely laughed about the comedy act :)

  • @black_cat_13
    @black_cat_13 Жыл бұрын

    I wish giant penguins were still around today. I'd just need a penguin onesie and I could join up.

  • @urquizabr
    @urquizabr3 жыл бұрын

    Awesome, thank you everyone on PBS, nice script and incredible animation. 👍🏼💙

  • @matheushjacubowski4073
    @matheushjacubowski40734 жыл бұрын

    Amazing video! It's very interesting to think about oceans ruled by penguins instead of cetaceans. But, It would be very interesting doing a video about the place of the meiolanids in turtle evolution tree

  • @morewi
    @morewi4 жыл бұрын

    Is it possible for you guys to talk about specific fossil sites? Like mazon creek as an example

  • @sussekind9717
    @sussekind97174 жыл бұрын

    Just one more thing that makes the Galapagos Islands awesome and unique. It's the only place on the entire planet, where you can find penguins, north of the equator in the wild. Even if it is only by about 50 miles. One day I will return. It's been 30 years, but I'm bound and determined to go again before I die.

  • @sidecharacter0167
    @sidecharacter01674 жыл бұрын

    I've been waiting for this episode for so long. Thanks PBS eons for making this :)

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