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@LordWyatt

2 жыл бұрын

Gratias Dominus for the shoutout;) Justinian: end of Ancient Italy Lombards: end of Roman Italy (Pr: Ritz-a-sender)

Justinian tried so hard to restore the Roman Empire to its former glory, and he accidentally brought its civilization to a new low

@jabronis33

2 жыл бұрын

I'm torn on justinian. His mind was in the right place, but he didn't take into consideration the numbers he would have to kill to retake the west, which wouldn't make it worth it. Had he fortified the eastern Roman empire, instead, he would have prevented the Arab takeover of North Africa and mid east

@astrobullivant5908

2 жыл бұрын

@@jabronis33 Exactly. Justinian was looking in the wrong direction. In my opinion, Heraclius was a much better emperor. Plus, Justinian's needless continuing of the autocratic "Dominate" prevented a new cultural flourishing.

@marsaeternum1003

2 жыл бұрын

if the plague didn't happen he would've conquered Europe

@astrobullivant5908

2 жыл бұрын

@@marsaeternum1003 He didn't need to conquer Europe though. Justinian could have used soft-power to get the rest of Europe in his sphere of influence and focus on the East.

@marsaeternum1003

2 жыл бұрын

@@astrobullivant5908 again, it's the plague's fault not the glorious Emperor IVSTINIANVS

The change from Amtiquity to the Middle ages and the Bronze Age Collapse are, I think, the most dramatic periods in human history. Possibly rivalaed by the age of exploration.

@astrobullivant5908

Жыл бұрын

@@stevej71393 The severity of the fall of the Western Roman Empire depended on where you lived. If you had lived in Britain, you would have found it quite dramatic.

@josephglaeser9674

10 ай бұрын

Totally agree. Those three times are tumultuous in the extreme

@thalmoragent9344

2 ай бұрын

​@@astrobullivant5908 True. Brittania really took a hard hit when that occured 😮‍💨

Britain: When the Romans abandoned the province Gaul: When the Carolingian Empire decentralized and feudalism began Italy: After the Eastern Romans waged a war against the Goths and left the province exposed Spain: Shortly after the Muslim conquest Roman Empire: When the Muslims conquered the eastern provinces and kept an immense pressure on what was left of it

@iamcleaver6854

Жыл бұрын

It was no longer a "Roman" empire that the muslims conquered

@maude7420

Жыл бұрын

@@iamcleaver6854 Yes it was a Roman Empire, it just got raped really hard but let's say you're Russian and gets beat up in the street you're still Russian, same for the Romans

@ns2859

Жыл бұрын

I would say earlier for Spain. I think Wisigothic Spain was already « medieval ».

@maude7420

Жыл бұрын

@@ns2859 The main gimmick of Medieval Spain is it being divided between Muslims and Catholics Furthermore, the way the goths ran the territory more or less resembled late Rome as in centralized to a degree

Some scholars let the Middle Ages already begin with Diocletian's reforms before the year 306 AD, while others consider Charlemagne's imperial coronation in the year 800 AD as the beginning. Most historians consider the deposition of the last West Roman Emperor Romulus Augustulus (476 AD) as the beginning of the Middle Ages. The Islamic invasion of the North African coast, Egypt and Spain in the 7th and early 8th centuries, leading to the breakup of the cultural and (until Justinian's death also) political unity of the Mediterranean space, is certainly another important watershed. Indeed, the change from Antiquity to Middle Ages was a process that ocurred between the events aforesaid.

@Georgios1821

2 жыл бұрын

The period that we call Middle Ages started to take form in 5th Century and by the death of Heraclius that transformation period ended.

@tacidian7573

2 жыл бұрын

@@Georgios1821 Very underrated comment because you're spot on.

@CaptainGrimes1

2 жыл бұрын

Diocletian's empire definitely feels more like a medieval byzantine empire except it wasn't Christian though it was only a decade after Diocletian that Constantine made it so. You can definitely feel the difference between the true classical world of Marcus Aurelius and that of the time of Diocletian.

@c.norbertneumann4986

2 жыл бұрын

@@CaptainGrimes1 Diocletian commanded the peasants to remain on the estates of their landlords which they were forbidden to leave without their masters' consent. This was the beginning of medieval serfdom. Furthermore, he forced sons to exercise the profession of their fathers. There was no more liberty to choose one's profession. In this, the beginning of the medieval guild system can be recognized. From a structural point of view, the roots of the Middle Ages can indeed be traced back to Diocletian.

@CaptainGrimes1

2 жыл бұрын

@@c.norbertneumann4986 I agree with you

I don’t even remember when KZread started recommending your videos to me, but I’m glad they did. Great videos and quality content thanks for the new perspective on historical figures such as Justinian I also thanks for painting a clearer picture of late antiquity and the transition from antiquity to the dark ages. Wishing you and your team the best ❤️

@Maiorianus_Sebastian

2 жыл бұрын

Hello good Sir, and thanks a lot for the friendly comment, we highly appreciate it :)

Astounding job. Thank you for content and quality.

Thank you again and for your deep insight with these priceless KZreads

I can't help to add that I personally considered the true Middle Ages to start after the reign of heraclius... the 7th century. Here was a Roman Emperor who traveled from Carthage North Africa to assume the empire in Constantinople. This was definitely still the Roman Empire it covered three continents. During his momentous era the Empire lost all of the Middle East to Persia and he reconquered it only to lose it again to the Arabs. He started as a universal Roman Emperor ruling over provinces and died as the first Byzantine emperor ruling over military themes

@starcapture3040

2 жыл бұрын

I would argue 750 AD must be the official start of the the middle ages. since at that time antiquity and all of its aspects have disappeared in culture with rise of the abbasids and the byzantine status quo,end of Zoroastrians,emirate of Cordoba. the different barbarian states were replaced with other. Abrahamic religions denominated the world, Rise of Baghdad,Cairo,Cordoba,paris,Milan, and the silk road.

@maude7420

2 жыл бұрын

What makes a Roman isn't "being big", I swear people need to accept the Romans were not invincible super warriors and didn't need to control the entire world to still consider themselves as such

@c.norbertneumann4986

2 жыл бұрын

@@starcapture3040 It is a conceptual mistake to claim that the Middle Ages started on a certain event or date. The transformation from Antiquity to Middle Ages was a structural process that dragged on over several centuries.

@starcapture3040

2 жыл бұрын

@@c.norbertneumann4986 it is just a debate, the classical mediterranean inherited culture was majorly destroyed with rise of Christianity but some of its aspects survived in Christianity like in architecture but with rise of the abbasids and the establishment of new high culture, emirate of cordoba included the last trace of that civilization were completely eclipsed by the new one. for sure people didn't woke in a day and suddenly said hey it's the middle ages now. we are just describing our view of history.

@Michael_the_Drunkard

2 жыл бұрын

That is complete nonsense. Territorial loss does not make an empire "Unroman" or byzantine, which is an anachronistic term. By that logic, the Western Empire would have become the "Italian Empire" after losing North Africa to the Vandals. No, the line of Roman Emperors continued until 1453, since they were still ruling from a Roman court with a valid imperial title, inherited from Constantine the Great.

Such a great and informative video

Very interesting presentation. When I was a student many years ago (graduated university 1958), the early Middle Ages were still commonly called the Dark Ages, and I think it's a pity in some ways that that name was changed. Because the slow transformation from the Roman Empire to the High Middle Ages (when despite lowered living standards and a proliferation of smaller states, often at war, there were advances in learning and achievements in art, architecture, etc.), there really was a serious decline in literacy, education, and communication of information and ideas. The Christian Church could only in part make up for the loss, because the education and communication it valued were of its own ideas only. In the Roman Empire there was a unified civilization covering many hundreds of miles, with a uniform language and legal system, roads and sea lanes holding everything together, and remarkable communications. With the collapse of the infrastructure, the decline in a cohesive legal and educational system, and the various new barriers, whether political or cultural, to communication, civilization declined. Yes, it did take centuries, just as the rebuilding took centuries. That period really was a dark time. Of course, the invading "barbarians" probably found better living conditions in the new lands they moved into, so from their point of view it was not so dark! And some of the Roman Empire (e.g., Spain, upper Mesopotamia) were much better off and more enlightened. A very complicated period, which you brought clarity and nuance to. Thank you!

@stevej71393

Жыл бұрын

It's precisely because of that nuance that we shouldn't call it the "Dark Ages". Decline is a subjective word. A good point of comparison would be the collapse of the Mississippian culture in North America - in the Middle Ages, Native American civilizations were living in urban settlements and engaging extensively in trade. But because of changing climatic conditions, game populations and crop harvests started to diminish, forcing people to leave the settlements and transition back to hunting/gathering. Did living standards decrease? Perhaps, though not as much as one would think. The people who left their declining cities probably felt they were leaving behind an old and decaying way of life for something better. It could only be called a "dark age" because there was a comparative lack of a historical record, not because the people went from living a good life to a bad one.

@ns2859

Жыл бұрын

In French, we don't call early Middle Ages « âge sombre » (Dark Ages), but « haut Moyen-Âge » (literaly « High Middle Ages »).

@Sputnikcosmonot

11 ай бұрын

truly is a complicated period - population, educatio,lityeracy, access to complex goods like glass and pottery etc, all declined massively. But nutrition and food, average height, all increased a lot to almost modern standards. So life for the average peasant was maybe better despite all that was lost.

Keep up the good work!!

God damn it man this channel is a gem. All videos are the niche topics that I literally was looking for the entire time

Im so glad I found your channel! wonderful videos! suscribed!

great content! Keep up the good work

Great content sir

I need to add a little footnote to the thing about the Academy of Athens. The academy Justinian closed was not Plato's original academy. Plato's academy had been destroyed by Sulla during the First Mithridatic War. The destruction was so severe that the academy was never restored. The academy that Justinian closed was established in the 5th Century (so 100 or so years old, not 1,000 years old). Religion may have played a part in its closing, but it may have also been a pragmatic decision. By Justinian's time Athens wasn't a great city anymore, instead it was a glorified village surrounding the Acropolis. The funding required for the institution was probably no longer seen as necessary due to the vastly diminished state of Athens. The academies in Constantinople and Antioch and Alexandria were not closed and continued as centers of learning, so this certainly wasn't a crackdown on "knowledge" or "learning" perse.

@septimiusseverus343

2 жыл бұрын

Word.

@rishavkumar1250

Жыл бұрын

That's because the Academies in Other cities had Christianized . Read about Socrates Scholasticus .

Very informative

"The Rise and Fall of the ‘Dark Ages’ at the Medievalists today, May 21, 2022, by Peter Kauffner. "For five hundred years, the phrase ‘Dark Ages’ has allowed the living to signal their moral and intellectual superiority over those long dead and unable to reply." I think our age is much darker!

@maude7420

2 жыл бұрын

It's very easy to look at a map of the world with insight and assign assumptions to a past world with no context

@bioliv1

Жыл бұрын

@JL-XrtaMayoNoCheese I'm a descendent of Charlemagne. Anyway my forefathers were Pietists after the great Nordic Pietist Movement from Carl Olof Rosenius. But now only the Orthodox faith is a living faith with any meaningful influence in Europe.

I love your videos and all the enthusiasm you put to them and their subject matter. I also feel pity for the disappearance of all that Greco-Latin culture. THANKS for your work.

Nice video. Maybe a video about Baalbek, Libanon: amazing site.

This is fascinating as I really want to KNOW HOW they evolved from Anqutity to Middle Ages and those drawings that you put showing the destruction of Rome was clearly very informative. I'd also like to see how the Roman Catholic Church evolved from it's early days, from its clothing, rituals from its pagan past that became the Medieval one we know today

Great video

@dagmarvandoren9364

2 жыл бұрын

Barbarians. Did they think are the germans.....that. would fit the British attitude. The bad germans. In school....na ja....let it go....lass es gehen. Thevdark

Well done.

MAIORIANUS YOU ARE A GENIUS

Thanks!

@Maiorianus_Sebastian

Жыл бұрын

Hello David :) Thanks so much for watching the video and for your generous support! I really appreciate it :)

Fantastic video! What movie were those clips of the city sacking from?

Love the video, but I also miss your space videos.

Momentum, in all its forms, is a formidable force. The fall (or rapid erosion) of such a large economic societal mechanism is going to drag a long tail down with it.

Liked and subscribedd

The Middle Ages is a lot like the bronze ages... both began on different times around the world.

So incredible again ! Thinking of the empty Circus Maximus during this time

I must ask! Maiorianus where do you get theese beautiful wallpaper/videos from? 9:30 as a example!

I think the eruption and explosion of Krakatoa circa 536 needs mentioning. Said eruption caused civilization crippling climate change. Until this event, Antiquity was recoverable and it was even possible for Antiquity to evolve directly into an Enlightenment until then.

Can you guys do this video: "What if Maxentius won at the battle of The Milvian Bridge?"

Beautifully written and delivered!

@Maiorianus_Sebastian

Жыл бұрын

Thank you very much for your kind words Kimberly! I really appreciate it a lot :)

The Britannia part remind me of some regions in mexico that have been decaying and people fleeing the narco war. And how the authorities just left for themselves.

Salve, Maiorianus! I was wondering why nobody has still made a video about the history of the Colosseum, and I mean, after the ancient roman times. Because for some times it has been used as a cemetery, then someone built a mansion inside, and in the 1600-1700 was even used to graze sheeps! Botanists got interested in the unique micro-environment inside the Colosseum and there are books describing plants that aren't found elsewhere... So, it's a very interesting topic yet nobody made a video on the incredible events that involved the Colosseum before it was recognized as the precious monument that we see nowadays.

The gears that will start the Middle Ages begun in 235 with the death of Alexander Severus and officially begun with Diocletian taking over the Roman Empire in 285.

I think the end of late antiquity can be marked by the rise of Islam and the loss of Roman Syria, Egypt and N. Africa. This set up the final geopolitical situation for the middle ages, a Christian Europe and Byzantium confronted with the expansive threat of the caliphate

@maude7420

2 жыл бұрын

Yes ! The Persian Roman frontier who had been established in the 2th century falling this quickly completely turned the world around

Great video again ! I think with this one should be the last about the late Western Roman Empire. Or maybe one more thing. We never finds out when the Latin language become no longer spoken in the former provinces. Many historians think that this happened around the year 700. What is your opinion Majorian?

@Maiorianus_Sebastian

2 жыл бұрын

Hello Kris and thanks a lot. That is a very fascinating question when Latin was last spoken. I think this must have been a gradual transitiom from Latin to the germanic languages that were spoken in the respective parts of the former Western Roman Empire. It probably was more a gradual transition than a sharp end. But I will have to investigate more before I can give a clear answer. A video on that topic would be warranted :)

@kriskris2625

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you!

@ironinquisitor3656

2 жыл бұрын

Latin never died. It's spoken forms live today in the Romance languages. What you should be asking is when was Literary Latin no longer able to serve as the standard written form of and or written representing of Romance. Latin was read with a very different pronunciation in the late imperial and early medieval times. If a scribe saw the word "Populum" it would not have been read out loud as "Pop-oo-loom." It would have been read out loud as Early Western Romance *Poblo* or Early Italo Romance *Popolo* and whatever variation in dialects that existed that descended from Populum. The archaic grammar would have been read in a certain way to bridge the large growing gap between spoken Romance and literary Latin. This all changed during the Carolingian Renaissance in the ealry 9th century where a pronunciation reform attempted to restore Classical Pronunciation. Everything had to be read as written down word for word letter by letter. In Montibus (in the mountains) could have been read out loud as early Old French/Gallo-Romance Monts, Ibero-romance Montes, or Italo-romance Monti, and it would have meant the same thing to Romance speakers, but now archaic grammar that no longer existed was read aloud again, and all his was so different from the native Romance pronunciation that was used before and it severed Romance and Latin from each other. Applying a progressive pronunciation to archaic writing and grammar is not unusual. We do it with a lot of English words like Knight and the French to it do their words and grammar with their verbs.

Actually it has been pretty well proven that Britain did not go from glory days to sub civilization. They were writing Roman Rhymes in Britain. They also were using the trade buildings and routes. There were still rich farmers 150 years after Romans left Britain.

@genekelly8467

2 жыл бұрын

Was Brittania still exporting tin and copper at the time.

@elijahhodges4405

2 жыл бұрын

@@genekelly8467 Yes.

If anybody here thinks that the middle ages was a barbaric age, I recommend you read Dante's Divine Comedy

I suppose the Middle Ages began in different years depending on the situations around Europe and the Middle East. Where the Western Roman Empire once thrived, it began around 476 AD after Romulus was deposed as emperor. In Brittain might've originated even at the beginning of the 5th century, around 410 AD. In Ireland possibly around 450 AD. In the Eastern Roman Empire would not happen until 539 AD, when Justinian proclaimed that the Pope was the head and supreme authority of the church.

@Crashed131963

2 жыл бұрын

Some Muslim countries today are still in the Dark Ages like Afghanistan and Somalia and are still waiting for Middle Ages to arrive.

@mercianthane2503

2 жыл бұрын

@@Crashed131963 Dark Ages refers to a period of time in which we know nothing about a certain region, since all evidence of writing is lost. This is not the case in Afganistan, I suppose. Somalia, perhaps.

@seamussc

2 жыл бұрын

Afghanistan's problems are also fairly recent in the grand scheme of things, really only in the last 200 years.

1:49 where is it this temple??

You could ask similar questions about the renaissance and the industrial revolution.

Its seems like the single biggest cause of the collapse was the loss of that organizing power discipline and its resultant structure.

@maude7420

2 жыл бұрын

The same process of decentralized anarchy was what facilitated the Eastern part of the Roman Empire to be shattered shortly before and after the fourth crusade What made the Roman Empire so unique even in Byzantine times was the ability to keep a central structure going just so it doesn't devolve into a feudal shitstorm like the Germanic Empire

@AntonioBrandao

2 жыл бұрын

✝️

Technically Early Medieval, but I still prefer the term The Dark Ages. ⚔️

So in other words,the Middle Ages didn't begin overnight but gradually when all the Polytheist religions were replaced with the Monotheist religions and despite of the territories the ERE had lost after the death of Justinian it was a miracle that the ERE lasted until the mid-15th century.

I have read that the philosophers going to Persia after the closing of the Academy of Athens came back the following year. Does anybody have more elaborate info (further reading?) about these men and their sojourn in Persia?

Since my Mothers Crocker family are from ancient Brittania, I am very interested in post Roman Brittan ... We certanly were Devon English long before Duke William came in 1066... the ancient qotte is that "Copley, Crocker, Copplestone when the Duke William came were at home"...

Could you possibly make an video explaining how and why Antiquity was different from the MIddle Ages? Like how the influence of a strong Roman empire centralized a lot of the power in Europe and after it fell the splintering helped bring on the end of the Classical ere.

@maude7420

Жыл бұрын

The Barbarian kingdoms before the Carolingian Empire disappeared, Francia and Visigothic Spain were centralized Roman based kingdoms Feudalism became a thing in the mid 9th century during the Frankish Civil War and the Treaty of Verdun

Very informative, for I too had those unanswered questions in my student days -- how did we get from the social system of antiquity to the feudal system of the Middle Ages? And it's sad too, for one can't help asking oneself, isn't there anything they could have done? Which is just, as it were, a cover question for, Isn't there anything we can do?

@user-ty2uz4gb7v

Жыл бұрын

We in the US can stop printing money and devaluing the currency causing inflation as Milton Friedman and others have said many times but we won't. Only crisis and catastrophe will change the system when it's so deeply entrenched and people don't see the consequences until it's too late.

@wynnschaible

Жыл бұрын

@@user-ty2uz4gb7v Better consider the problem before you volunteer to bell the cat.

Hey, I did just finished watching "Vijayanagara - The Last Emperors of South India" from Fall of Civilizations with Paul M.M. Cooper. You should cooperate with him, as he still did not make "The Fall of Rome"!

Mahalo

@Maiorianus_Sebastian

2 жыл бұрын

Hallo and thanks for being the first again ;)

the "border" between eras are soo smooth that u dont even realize it's there. it's like.. the border between the "old modern era" and today's era. the modern time. it;s like.. the border maybe happened in.. 2000 or 2005. when the first smatphone invented, when laptops becoming smaller and easier to bring, when digital cameras being widely accessible (later the smartphone disrupt the camera industry)

The period that we call Middle Ages started to take form in 5th Century and by the death of Heraclius that transformation period ended.

@maude7420

2 жыл бұрын

I'd argue Heraclius wasn't more alien than the past emperors, Eastern Rome morphing into the less secure Byzantium has only one answer: Caliphate

"Since the publication of The World of Late Antiquity by Peter Brown in 1971, historians have gradually turned against both the term Dark Ages and the idea of civilizational decline. Brown defines Late Antiquity as 150 to 750, placing the narrative focus on the traces of antiquity that survived." "“Modern scholars cringe at any reference to the term ‘Dark Ages,'” according to a 2021 book review in the New York Times. “Late Antiquity” is the academically favored term nowadays, with usage growing at an explosive rate. But The History Channel has yet to follow up its series on The Dark Ages with one entitled Late Antiquity. ‘Dark Ages’ is certainly the term that the general public is most familiar with, beating the competition on Google Trends. The rise of the new term has not come at the expense of older ones. The usage of “Dark Ages” on Google ngram has rebounded to a level not seen since the 1950s. In the past, specialists have tried replacing “buffalo” with “bison” and “brontosaurus” with “apatosaurus” without much success. Usage for apatosaurus peaked in 2001, according to ngram. They’ve got an uphill fight this time around." "The Rise and Fall of the ‘Dark Ages’"

middle ages arrived following the defeat of the exarch of Ravenna by the Lombard King who in turn was recognized as the new ruler of Italy with the romans restricted to parts of Southern Italy. So Id say 7th century or perhaps even 8th century but definitly somewhere between fall of the Ravenna Exarchate and the Iconoclast crisis/ascension of Empress Irene in the East and the death of Constantine.

Britannia was the only province to be formally discharged from the Roman Empire. The end of Roman Rule in Britain can be dated fairly certainly to AD 411. A letter was written which has become known as "the Groans of the Brittons" appealing for help from Rome against barbarian invaders. A reply came from Honorius (the so called "Rescript of Honorius") who wrote back saying that from that point onwards Britain had to look after their own defenses and could expect no further help from Rome.

@maude7420

2 жыл бұрын

That's pretty depressing and a very unique case out of all the provinces

Video idea: what if Justinian used diplomacy more, and instead of waging wars, he used proxy wars and coups to reincorporate Italia and Africa into the roman empire

Briton 410, Rome 550, Byzantium 620. Heraclius was the true dividing line, with Phocas the last gasp of antiquity.

Meanwhile in Central and Eastern Europe Middle Ages only really start in the 8th-10th century when the Slavic tribes start forming early states. In a way Western and Eastern Middle Ages are like two different timelines that slowly begin to merge around the turn of the first millenium, one of a post-Roman world, the other having a much more mysterious origins in the vast plains of Eurasian steppe.

Philip the second was the greatest ruler of the Spanish Empire. However, he was still a Spanish King. The real bookend you might be searching for in this analogy is a generation earlier... Phillip's Father Charles was the Holy Roman Emperor...who moreover did what would appear to be a very classical or at least classicist act... he advocated spent the rest of his life discussing philosophy. But this is just a fun statement about the bookend and reality the Spanish Empire was. The other side of the bookends ending the Middle Ages. The Italian city-states ended it. Moreover I've discussed before that Venice might claim the continuation of Rome and in fact went from late antiquity through the Middle Ages onto the Renaissance and all the way up into the enlightenment

The Middle Ages cover 500-1500 AD in Europe. The main purpose is to decide on which shelf you put the book.

Great analysis, but I think the final ends began little bit before withdrawal from Britannia, namely with the victory of Constantine in any way the "great". Supporting Christianity, which anti-civilization nature was well known to Diokletianus.. the worst thing was the spending enormous resources for building his personal memorial. In political or strategical way completely unneeded the new capital.

If the end of antiquity is to be measured by the fall of classical Rome, the most logical point to use is the creation of the Imperivm Romanvm, which i equate with the creation of the office of Dictator perpetvo in Jan./Feb. 44BC.

In spain the middle ages lasted from 711 to 1492, from the collapse of the Visigothic kingdom to the reconquest of Granada and the discovery of America.

@luciano0182

Жыл бұрын

Except the fact that Spain was the most highly developed country in Europe and Cordoba being only second to Baghdad as the global centres of knowledge for many years during this time.

Learning about how slow the death of paganism was in the former Roman empire has been one of the most interesting things I have learned in my life

Actually on the right picture there werent farms but luxury residencies instead. Not all was ravaged on dark ages.

Christians *preserved* the classical past. Were it not for us and our recopying of the classics, pagan Greek literature would have been extinguished in the East just as surely as pagan Latin literature was nearly annihilated in the West.

It only occur in the West after the fall of Soissons in 486AD, and ended about 1000AD. The East experienced it after the fall of Constantinople, and gradually ended after the Greek Independence in 1821

@hazzmati

2 жыл бұрын

Depends on the specific region. The dark ages started earlier in France than in Italy. And the middle ages for the Eastern Roman empire started with the loss of the balkans due to large scale Slavic migrations and later the invasions of the muslims.

@tacidian7573

2 жыл бұрын

@@hazzmati So basically for most Eastern Roman themes, the Dark Ages arrived during the Heraclean dynasty.

@starcapture3040

2 жыл бұрын

the east hadn't have dark ages the way was in the west

As a bilingual Canadian, I've read histories in both French and English. In the English-speaking world, Antiquity and the Middle Ages are considered to be separated by the Dark Ages, which begins with the invasion and conquest of Britain by the pagan Anglo-Saxons, and ends with the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity and the institution of the Roman Catholic church in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Also there are very few written documents from that period. In France, on the other hand, there is no concept of a Dark Ages separating Antiquity from the Middle Ages. That's because the Franks were already catholic, and the church was able to operate continuously.

@sleepyjo9340

2 жыл бұрын

Technically, the empire never ended. Latin still spread, and so did the Latin culture. Yeah, sure, the central authority and legions were gone, but the culture continued to grow.

MVLTAS GRATIAS, AMICVS.

I have a suggestion for an interesting video topic: when and how was made the traditions between the traditional Roman legions to almost complete reliance on mercenary forces? In my opinion the main reason for the reluctance or the Roman citizen to join the army in late antiquity was Christianity. Like you pointed out in several videos, Rome lost its sole with the adoption of Christianity. People didn’t want to fight or die for the state and the idea of “Rome” anymore since the after life was now more important and it was all about Christ now. The values of Christianity were directly challenging the very basic values of the entire Roman state and system. To rapid collapse began after the death of the fanatic Theodosius I and there was no way back from there. The Eastern part transformed itself quickly into a fanatic Christian empire with only some statues and libraries preserving some of the old traditions of pagan Rome.

@CaptainGrimes1

2 жыл бұрын

I'd say it was the devastating loss at Adrianople and the permanent divide between East and west.

@nathanashkenazi897

2 жыл бұрын

@@CaptainGrimes1 think about it: in Adrianople about 20,000 Roman soldiers died. But in the Pyrrhic wars, 600 years earlier, over 50,000 Romans died, and in second Punic war soon after over a third of the Peninsula’s population perished. In the battle of Carrhae the Romans had about 25,000 casualties. But Rome was an idea, a way of life. Hannibal learned quickly that you can defeat Rome over and over but you can’t win. They never negotiated and were willing to die for their republic to the last man. But in the late 4th century, things changed dramatically. Although the empire was much larger in size and in population, an ordinary defeat and the lose of 20,000 soldiers was enough to devastate the Roman army. The reason for it was simple : the Romans didn’t want to go to the army anymore and die for their country. Ancient Rome was a system. In the core of it were the ancient temples, pantheon of gods and traditions. Christianity challenged all of the core values and believes of the Romans. The Pop was now more valued than the emperor.. as can be seen with the famous incident of Theodosius and the Bishop of Milan in 390 AD. All the ancient temples were shut down, and stories on future life with Jesus became more important than focusing on the present. I believe that this was the major contributor for the fall of the western Roman Empire. Rome survived a worse crisis in the third century because there were enough new soldiers from across the empire willing to join the army, but when Christianity took over only a century later - there were almost no men willing to fight for their empire. The old Rome died slowly and what mattered now was the new “kingdom of heaven”.

@Maiorianus_Sebastian

2 жыл бұрын

Hello Nathan, very excellent observation. I will make many more videos on the late roman army and also on the impact of Christianity. Indeed, the impact was there, but many more factors were at play why the late Western Roman armies failed in the end. This must be explored in many videos :)

@HorukAI

2 жыл бұрын

In my opinion, which is taken mostly from Robert Pearson's History of Byzantium, the main reasons for small number of native conscripts were of economic nature. Roman soldiers in late republic and early empire could get rich after 25 years of service, numerous offensive wars could get you a lot of slaves and booty, and retirement package included land and pension. In late antiquity that was not a case, as wars were defensive, also debasement of gold coins which started with Diocletian reduced real wages significantly as inflation rampaged. Furthermore, tax evasion of magnates and church meant that your best way of getting good life was monasteries or working on magnate's estates. In the end, the cheap manpower coming from federales also played a huge role.

I failed to edit my comments sorry. There were numerous errors because a voice-to-text. The most important was "abdicated" was transformed to "advocated"

I think it is a bit one sided, seen some of this channel videos and Justinian doesn’t seems to be liked. Tho, I have to admit that it is a good and really interesting perceptive of that time. If I can criticize a little thing, as talking about history, having quotes examples and all that could be appreciate to put in context what is said and on what point the author that might be taken inspiration from was referring. Referencing is key in history.

I wonder what would have happened to Rome had Christianity never surged within the Empire. Would they have remained pagan? Would they have had good or bad relations with neighboring Muslim nations? Would the Crusades of the middle ages ever have occurred? Christianity thriving within Rome had such pivotal implications that carry into our modern world.

Magnificent channel. Thank you. So much. Make a video about Saint Paul, aka Paul the Apostle but we all know his real name was "Saul", and about the real reasons of his conversion and his predications.

I thought Carthage after the 3rd Punic war was leveled to the ground my Rome in 146 BC?

@AntonioBrandao

2 жыл бұрын

It was thereafter re-settled by Rome. A very important source of grain.

Rome actually began to decline after the Plague of Cyprian, in the mid-third century. The population was devastated and cities declined. They did not recover because of the Empire's demographic collapse. Birth-rates were very low and the Romans continued to practice infanticide - particularly of girls - on a vast scale. All archeological evidence points to a massive drop in the Empire's population after circa 250 AD. The Eastern part of the Empire recovered more quickly because Christianity, which forbade abortion and infanticide, had made much more progress in the East. But the West went into terminal decline. A further devastating plague in the time of Justinian (mid-sixth century) did further damage. However, by that time Christianity was well-established in the West, and the western parts did begin to recover. But just as we enter the seventh century we encounter another historical problem, of a completely different kind: Chronology. There is now very good evidence to show that the three centuries of the "Dark Age" (circa 620 to 920 AD) never existed at all and are "phantom centuries" artificially inserted into the calendar in the time of Holy Roman Emperor Otto III. See the work of German author Heribert Illig ("Das erfundene mittelalter" - "The Invented Middle Ages"). See also E. Scott "Guide to the Phantom Dark Age".

We was romans and sheiiiit.

Why are you spiting propaganda about pagans. No Emperor promoted the burning of Ancient Texts.They were all kept safely in the Library of Constantinople just some Emperor made it taboo to read them and people stop reading some them. That had ended by the 11th century. Greco-Roman Culture survived in the Greek East. The Roman Empire in the East never experienced a Dark Ages and that why it didn't needed a Renaissance.

@septimiusseverus343

2 жыл бұрын

Maiorianus kinda forgot about the universities of Constantinople and Antioch.

@bootleg8720

2 жыл бұрын

@@septimiusseverus343 Almost like Maiorianus has an agenda and is using history for it

@Michael_the_Drunkard

2 жыл бұрын

@@bootleg8720 the agenda is muh Christianity ruined Rome, which is bullshit.

There seems to be a hint of blaming Christianity for the destruction of knowledge; however, many Muslim scholars point to Islam for the destruction of pagan knowledge. This knowledge was seen as external to the Quran. Regardless of who was responsible, the reality is that Christianity played a role in preserving ancient knowledge rather than destroying it. The Germanic kings did not always have an idea how to administer large urban areas. They worked with the Christian church in this regard. The Church, for its part, persuaded the Germanic kings to support their effort at preserving knowledge. They did not just preserve knowledge but built onto it. The Christian church played a significant role in the development of what is known today as the "scientific method". People point to Galileo to try to dismiss this, but the reality was that the Pope supported Galileo's publishing his sun centered universe theory provided that he identified it as a theory... The Church was, at that same time, funding a group of Christians who were working to mathematically prove that the earth went around the sun. Not only did Galileo not take the Pope's/church's advice, but he also insulted the Pope. This wasn't a case of the church trying to deny that the Earth went around the sun, especially when references in the Bible regarding the Earth not being moved were metaphorical references to God's precepts, definition of what is right, not changing. As the video indicated, the Visigoths Romanized. They also maintained cities and even built new ones. When the Arabs conquered large portions of the Iberian Peninsula, they continued building cities while maintaining many of the old ones. A good book to read that covers what I talked about, as well as the transition from Late Antiquity to the Medieval Period, is "How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization, by Thomas E. Woods. The Anglo-American concept of freedom and democracy, and free markets, evolved from Christian philosophy. The reality is that Christian philosophy would contribute to the West's rise, and eventual dominance which has lasted for half a millennium.

Imagine growing up in 1000 ad rome-just a desolate ghost town with buildings that looked like they once housed life and cultivation. I'd imagine quite a few peasants pondered what the city once way. Probably added to Christianity spreading about the end times coming soon, living in a crumbling city.

Living standards sharply dropped in Britannia after the EU left.

@Georgieastra

2 жыл бұрын

The only thing that dropped after Brexit was levels of unemployment. Tens of thousands refugees from Europe plunge into the English channel every year in a desperate attempt to get across.

One common date is 476 AD, the year of the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the invading Goths.

If only Justinian stopped after conquering North Africa from the Vandals. He could have properly garrisoned North Africa from the Moors and many of the problems the Gothic Wars caused wouldn't have happened. The Empire would have been much better prepared for invaders like the Avars and Slavs if they weren't bankrupt from Justinian's wars with the Goths and Justinian II's wars with the Persians

@Maiorianus_Sebastian

2 жыл бұрын

Absolutely true Trey ;) And thanks so much for always watching the videos! It is highly appreciated.

@jhutfre4855

2 жыл бұрын

Trey Rollo hey slowly, I am Slav

@trey85031

2 жыл бұрын

@@jhutfre4855 nothing against my Slavic brothers and sisters, the Roman’s should have actually found a way to peacefully integrate many of the migrating peoples into their empire instead of looking down on them

@belisarius1453

Жыл бұрын

Justinian only failed cos first mass pandemic of black death and huge climate changes cosed by volcanos, year gone whiteout sun crop failure etc

The consensus among historians is that the Middle Ages began in 476 with the deposition of the last western roman emperor.

@baneofbanes

2 жыл бұрын

That doesn’t make it law dude.

Yeah, thanks Jewsus...

@daguroswaldson257

18 күн бұрын

It was the Jews who handed Jesus over to be crucified, stupid.

Completely disagree with that point of view - ancient era didin't start with founding of Rome (or Roman empire) so it didin't end with fall of this state.

Two reasons for the depopulation of Rome and Italy were, 1. the destruction of the aqueducts and not repaired. 2. the plaque. The war was not as big as the first two.

Sad….

Rome ended with an attempt to be restored... Ironic

Could you imagine being a PROUD ancient Roman, and seeing the state of Roma today... the sheer heartbreak seeing this once GRAND Imperial city now in near total ruins... 😔 It's so sad, I wish it still stood. Seeing the Colosseum makes me wish I could see the rest in its hayday... what a sight it would've been. Imagine the thunderous roar of the horse drawn and human pulled carts, the markets shouting, the bath houses steamy, the dark alleys terrifying... the sheer might of the Roman Empire unimpeded by any other equal power... To be alive in the PRIME of Rome... AS a Roman... talk about the BEST time to be alive, as short lived as life may have been. It's better to truly live for 30 years and die young, than to stay alive for 100 but never feel truly alive. The Romans knew how to be/feel ALIVE!

800 Ad

"Fuck Justinian all my Homies hate Justinian." Belisarius despite having the most reason to do so: "No."

Justinian was a mistake.

Rome falling today would be like the USA falling and people living like how they do in South America??

@maude7420

2 жыл бұрын

Cringe comparing the Romans to the Americans lol

@paulfri1569

2 жыл бұрын

@@maude7420 American Republic is heavily influenced on the old Roman republic..

@maude7420

2 жыл бұрын

@@paulfri1569 Is it

@AntonioBrandao

2 жыл бұрын

@@maude7420 it is. Not only the political structure, but even the architecture of the White House.

@ericacaa

Жыл бұрын

people in the usa are already living like we do in South America... except we have free universal health care

Don't you hate Religion, and how affects the past.

@daguroswaldson257

18 күн бұрын

Considering the church saved many documents, no.

@teapott-caddyman

18 күн бұрын

@@daguroswaldson257 Islam burnt all (or most) of the Library of Alexander.