What is the Proletariat?
Watch to find out what the proletariat is and how the meaning of the word changed over time.
0:00 intro
1:31 from ancient rome to the french revolution
8:48 the working classes of the 19th century
29:47 the proletariat in early socialism
58:36 the proletariat in Marx and Engels
1:35:14 the proletariat in the 21st century
script + full page references/bibliography - anarchopac.com/2024/05/10/wha...
Footnote 1: According to Draper, Marx thinks that only propertyless wage labourers who produce surplus value and thereby generate profits for a capitalist are proletarians (Draper 1978, 34). Propertyless wage labourers that do not produce surplus value are therefore not proletarians, such as teachers employed in state funded schools or road construction workers hired directly by the state. The best evidence I have found to support this view is a single sentence in the Communist Manifesto which claims “the proletariat” are “the class of modern workers who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only so long as their labour increases capital” (Marx and Engels 1996, 7). For Marx only productive labour, in the sense of labour that produces surplus value, increases capital (Marx 1990, 644). This sentence in the Communist Manifesto could be interpreted as a generalisation, rather than an attempt to establish the necessary and jointly sufficient conditions for being a proletarian. The pamphlet is after all full of generalisations. Unfortunately Marx’s other statements on the subject are vague and could be interpreted as either saying that the proletariat only includes productive workers or that all propertyless wage labourers who sell their labour power to an employer (rather than selling a labour service directly to a customer) are proletarians irrespective of whether or not they produce surplus value (MECW 34, 444-45). In Capital Volume 3 Marx claims that “commercial wage-labourers employed by the merchant capitalist . . . do not directly produce surplus-value ” but do ultimately enable their employer to generate a profit. In a footnote Engels refers to such workers as “the commercial proletariat” (Marx 1991, 406-407, 414-15). In the absence of definitive evidence I am agnostic on the matter, but I could have missed an important source or not seen an important detail when reading.
Video features art from:
/ workersartcollective
/ airidescence
Support me on patreon / anarchozoe
If you'd like to make a one time donation ko-fi.com/anarchozoe
Follow me on social media:
/ anarchozoe
/ anarchopac
Buy my book Means and Ends: The Revolutionary Practice of Anarchism in Europe and the United States:
US shipping - www.akpress.org/means-and-end...
UK shipping - www.akuk.com/means-and-ends-t...
audiobook - tantor.com/means-and-ends-zoe...
Check out my other videos:
anarchism and democracy • Anarchism and Democracy
anarchists are not naive about human nature • Anarchists Are Not Nai...
anarchism as a way of life • Anarchism as a way of ...
anarchist counter culture in Spain • Anarchist Counter Cult...
the best feminist you've never heard of: He-Yin Zhen • The Best Feminist You'...
Пікірлер: 167
shortest leftist essay
@assaf_jerry
Ай бұрын
Fr fr
@confused_lefty
Ай бұрын
@@assaf_jerry ong no cap
@assaf_jerry
Ай бұрын
@@confused_lefty no cap indeed
@RichardFalkner
Ай бұрын
@@assaf_jerry most importantly, no ancap
@dylanrodrigues
Ай бұрын
That’s why we love em
Let us not forget those who are permanently unable to work, those who are unemployed and those who are excluded from employment. Those are not traditionally proletariat but in recent years they are a growing social force. Very good video Zoe
@darkojan14
Ай бұрын
revolutionary potential of the NEET
@breadandpeace447
Ай бұрын
@@darkojan14 yeah exactly, even tho in the traditional definition they are not proletariat they are a unique social force with revolutionary potential as you said. It is very interesting because they are not exploited, they don't exploit, they don't live by their own work (self-employed), still they are not luben-proletariat. They are ex- proletariat or a proletariat in latent form but still is a topic for discussion, I think all those workers who are unemployed fue to technology, those who are mentally ill, students who never gonna work in their fields, those who have disabilities, the army of reserve workers etc, all affected directly by capitalism
@judiciallegislator
Ай бұрын
I think Marx refers to them as “the reserve army of labor.”
@judiciallegislator
Ай бұрын
Actually wait no that’s those who are able to work but are unemployed never mind.
@breadandpeace447
Ай бұрын
@@judiciallegislator yes Marx has referred to them as an inherent feature of capitalism. The thing is that this reserve army is long-term unemployment, for a period of time they are not in proletariat but that's a topic of discussion, the question is then what are they ?
The notification I got include the words "please work" in the title. I can only imagine how many failed attempted uploads it took before begging to the KZread gods
@turntower6563
Ай бұрын
I saw it too lol
@RichardFalkner
Ай бұрын
Ha ha me too. Presumably Zoe is having a well earned snooze after uploading this and will fix it tomorrow. I look forward to watching this!
@user-sl6gn1ss8p
Ай бұрын
Oooh, I thought it was asking me to work. You know, to be part of the proletariat. Maybe I need some sleep. Then again, the video's not gonna watch itself.
One of the things I love about your style of videos is not only are they very informative, but have such an incredibly dry, absurd, and specific style of humor. Like ending a 2 hour video on the history of the word Proletariat with the opening theme from Revolutionary Girl Utena. Brilliant.
@carlosdumbratzen6332
23 күн бұрын
Utena is definitely revolutionary. Sadly not that much anime is as analytically as Utena.
I’m not a Marxist, I’m a Bakerista
I have not seen it yet but my prediction is that it's going to be a complete banger. I'm watching it later and will return with an update. EDIT: It was an absolute banger
@user-sl6gn1ss8p
Ай бұрын
I'm in the exact same boat right now
Very informative video. One recommendation, visualising stats and data would improve the video. When you were mentioning what percentage of the population worked in agriculture vs rural manufacturing vs urban areas, having graphs on the screen to show the data would make the information much more comprehensible. Similarly, when reading out dates, visualising that using a timeline would help a lot.
Working at Starbucks making like 30 lattes in an hour for $5-7 each, while I was only paid $10/hr, is what made me understand the labor theory of value.
@bandito_burrito
9 күн бұрын
You could get that from Adam Smith, though. The crazy thing about Marx is how unoriginal he (deliberately) is; he uses already existing analyses of capitalism *and* socialism in order to treat them with immanent critiques.
It worked don't worry ur so cool
@anarchozoe
Ай бұрын
Lol forgot to change the title until last minute. Spent the entire day getting round adobe premier and youtube being a nightmare.
This was such a fantastic introduction to conceptions of classes! Really appreciate the historic exploration of the different definitions and their sources and evolution. Also loved the call to action and the anime outtro. Solidarity!
The more I get into more contemporary, less Eurocentric socialism, the more alienating it is to hear proto and early socialist thought, especially on history. It really jarring to hear a guy say they don’t do slavery anymore in the 19 century as black women in America. Still really interesting stuff.
@josephk.4200
16 күн бұрын
Very true that racism was still common even among most early socialists. If it wasn’t European, it wasn’t worth talking about. A simple through line to Hitler, really; his “socialism” being explicitly nationalist, racist, and exclusionary.
Thanks Zoe! You are truly a indispensable member of the movement. 🖤✊♥️
Finally, good anarchist KZread content
@trhll5635
Ай бұрын
Great recommendations include Andrewism and Anark
@EvelynNdenial
Ай бұрын
anark's good too
@ThePathOfEudaimonia
Ай бұрын
Zoe, St. Andrew and Anark are my personal Holy Trinity of KZread.
@HeyJinx
Ай бұрын
@@trhll5635 I don't like Andrew's content tbh. He's way too focused on this weird solarpunk thing
@blowfishfootman
22 күн бұрын
@@HeyJinxfr
i hope this is also in an academic journal somewhere. incredibly high quality
Your channel has grown substantially since I last checked! From 40k to 80k! Congratulations.
It’s working!!! Dropped everything to watch.
Using the Revolutionary Girl Utena opening theme at the end was a nice touch.
Love the Utena outro song
This should have millions of views, impressive work
@lewisbaitup6352
Ай бұрын
*billions
The people united will never be defeated!
@erdood3235
Ай бұрын
Depends on who do you consider people or "the people"
Best way to spend 2h of today's evening I could've asked for!
1:09:45 50 year old marx/engels ship art from a gay communist newspaper jumpscare
holy fuckin bing bang bong a bajillion minutes of Zoe Baker goin off. this is a good day. edit: this is the easiest game of where's waldo but its Zoe I have ever played btw.
Excited to watch this over the weekend
So glad you didn't leave. Thought you disappeared. Was super disappointed. I was ready to pour one for a yt anarchist og
Not related to the discussion of the proletariat itself, but what game is being played at 34:35-34:58?
@BarbarianGod
Ай бұрын
Kingdoms and Castles, 2017 video game
Wake up honey new Zoe Baker movie just dropped
For the algorithm! Thankyou for such an educational video!
Yeah! Great point about specific up-and-coming classes versus the general proletariat of all alienated, exploited labor (it doesn't have to generate profit directly! It's enough that the economy as a whole is organized to maximize the profits of capitalists!)
1:47:04 ; what a beautiful way to end this crucial video essay! thank you so much comrade Zoe for your hard work, hope you doing good 🏴 and donate to Zoe, now
Great work!
Is it possible the the formation on nationalism was more readily adopted/ co-opted as a way to counter class consciousness? Like you aren’t a worker, you are an Italian. Has anyone written on this positively or negatively?
Thank you for your service.
Thank you for your incredible work! ❤️🏴🖤
Excellent video! Just curious, about your footnote, where did Draper claim this? I never read this claim before. This definition would exclude dock workers from the proletariat which I doubt Marx would have done.
@anarchozoe
Ай бұрын
Draper writes at the start of Karl Marx's theory of revolution volume 2: The proletariat "consists of workers whose livelihood depends on a wage relationship with employers of labor power, and who therefore produce surplus value in the process of commodity production." "The proletariat does not include all wage-workers. For example, it does not include wage-workers employed by government-road-building workers, in one example by Marx-since strictly speaking they do not produce surplus value in the course of commodity production" "The proletariat does not consist only of workers “at the point of production” (again, however that phrase is interpreted). For example, transportation may contribute to the surplus value of the transported commodity; and a truck driver may be as proletarian as an assembly line hand." So Draper would include dock workers for the same reason he includes truck drivers.
@ilhamrahim9269
Ай бұрын
@@anarchozoethank you very much
Bookmark 1:11:57
not every day you encounter another Caesar III fan
Comment for the algo! Let's go Zoe!
Pop Culture Detective, Alexander Avilla, Zoe Bee, Zoe Baker... Any other bangers in store for us this month?
LOVE IT!!!
intro is from Caesar III, a roman city builder, its on steam highly reco. Plebs are needed!
This is perfect timing for me! 😂❤
What anime song was in outro
@anarchozoe
Ай бұрын
intro song for revolutionary girl utena. Is called rondo revolution
lmao the credits
Wonderfully researched video as always! Though I don't really buy the intersectional argument you presented here anymore. It's absolutely true that a unified class is more powerful. But the In practice (at least in a conservative country like the US), the only options are being a small group with correct views on oppression, or appeal to the working class as a whole by adopting less progressive views. Importantly, if you choose the latter option, people in general won't listen to you because of their own partisan views.
eyyyyyyyyy she's back
Something to do with Roman terminology for people that don’t have land but can/can’t legally vote.
Not really important, but was there an editorial choice on your pronunciation of "Scarcity" or was it just an an error from reading the script?
@anarchozoe
Ай бұрын
I have dyslexia and so mispronounce words all the time.
@islandsedition
Ай бұрын
@@anarchozoe ahhh. Of course, that makes sense. Thanks for the explanation. More importantly, thanks for video, really informative and comprehensive.
The whole point of figuring out who's in what class is simply to figure out who owns and who labors! Who dictates and who is dictated to!
It's those in favor of leteriaing. In opossition we have the antileterians or, as they're known in french, bourguieoesese. Sad that so many miss this quite essential part of Marx's work.
@erdood3235
Ай бұрын
I can't find leteriaing in duckduckgo
@ThePathOfEudaimonia
Ай бұрын
@@erdood3235I think it's a (semi-)humorous comment about "pro" (in favour of) -letarians and "anti"-letarians (capitalist/bourgeoisie).
@erdood3235
Ай бұрын
@@ThePathOfEudaimonia what's leterians?
@hellokittygaming42069
25 күн бұрын
@@erdood3235 From latin meaning: "writers of letters". In the early 19th century, the first indication of a strike within worker associations was a letter that all in the comunity wrote together to list their demands. Those agaisnt it were called the "bourgeoisie" from french meaning "letter burner" as they usually burned them in strike busting activities.
@hellokittygaming42069
25 күн бұрын
@@ThePathOfEudaimonia I would never spread misinformation on the internet 🥰
Real big brain
As a disabled enby trans woman, i have a problem with the talk here in the comments about "productivity". I feel that my value to socialists and such is only how much I can contribute to them. I feel alien and alienated from their socialist cause. that I am a subhuman whose worth is only how much I can contribute to *them*
@muffingeneral7596
Ай бұрын
I am very early into the video, but I feel this from a good bit of the left side of politics. There's many so called socialists and communists who seem to seem to believe in white supremacist,abliest,national chauvinistic, heteronormative and cisnormative beliefs as well as many others. How are we of minority- disenfranchised populations suppose to feel welcomed and truly apart of the movement when it seem a good bit of our comrades don't want us or even mock our needs? At what point do they start acting just like alot of the capitalists?
@erdood3235
Ай бұрын
@@muffingeneral7596 my parents are Jews from USSR. So yeah
@eurydice.
Ай бұрын
Same!
@MrGoldfish8
Ай бұрын
You need to disentangle morality from productivity. I've only seen people in these comments use the term "productive" in a morally neutral way.
@erdood3235
Ай бұрын
@@MrGoldfish8 no. I didn't know that was possible until some Marxist high brow nobleman bothered to explain that to me
Is it me or the title used to be what is the proletariat please work?, if so what did KZread do this time?
@elliswrong
Ай бұрын
think about it. she probably had a failed upload and was pleading with this upload to work, then when it worked she changed the name.
❤
wow new Zoe and a bunch of her ❤
✊
Me: I don't remember putting Rinbu - Revolution on this queue . Oh wait this is on the essay Basedbasedbasedbased
banger
Oh shit yeah, here we go
Let's goooo
What happened to the proletariat under stalin and mao?
lets gooo
New profile pic looks awesome
Pat"Socs" on sewerside watch after this one.
The working class
its always somethin for the LUMPEN
@erdood3235
Ай бұрын
What do you mean?
Revolutionary Girl Zoe Baker 😂😂😂
where proletariat is an individual distinction, namely 'those whose use to the state is only reproduction' bourgeoisie is spatial, as in 'those who subsist from the superfluous activity of a city'. Where preIndustrial bourgeoisie was impossible, postIndustrial proletariat is unsightly. As if to advance the vanguard, without bringing up the rear.
incredibly based video
it's Doomed
❤
Aw shit I'm feelin it