Thanks so much for watching! For more info about nuclear winter, please check out: kzread.info/dash/bejne/g3aZtbCsqa_bp5s.htmlsi=TyvqIG99c2p7Of4o Also, I misspoke, a shake is 10 nanoseconds, not 100. 😅

@BrickNewton

Ай бұрын

Can you please do a reaction to the 80's movie 'Where the wind blows'. It traumatized me as a child.

@sunnyval3134

Ай бұрын

44:27 he did say something "similar" happened.

@amym2944

Ай бұрын

Hi. I'd love you to do a reaction to some of the Netflix series, Turning Point the bomb and the cold war. You'll be horrified and how inaccurate the nuclear info is!

@mattiasdominguez2757

Ай бұрын

what do i need to study to become a nuclear engenieer? can you make a video of how to become a nuclear engenieer?

@tediustimmy

Ай бұрын

CS here to remind you that light travels approximately one foot per nanosecond, so if he's a mile away from the epicenter, then 528 shakes pass before he can feel any effects.

I'm a Fallout fanatic and I just wanted to point something out. The nukes in the Fallout universe aren't like ours. They're closer to being neutron bombs that are engineered for massive amounts of radiation rather than destruction like ours. This was a consequence of no one in the Fallout universe having a conscience. I know it doesn't seem this way but the ones we have that kill more people instantly are more humane than the ones in the Fallout universe that kill people in horrible ways over long periods of time. They (the theorists) pointed this out in the video, but this has been canon since the very beginning and I just wanted to add some emphasis to it. The fact they got this right in the show when so few people are aware of it is impressive.

@rogervanbommel1086

Ай бұрын

Even IF they were neutron bombs the 200 year number is still wrong, and neutron radiation stops instantly when the bomb explodes

@MXarcx

Ай бұрын

So more like dirty MOABs than our nukes

@Gr13fM4ch1n3

Ай бұрын

Good catch

@bee281light6

Ай бұрын

I dunno about this, do you have any proof? Either way I don’t really care since fallout was never known for realism

@segganew

Ай бұрын

@@rogervanbommel1086the key thing about neutron radiation is that it makes other things radioactive. So yes it would. That’s why neutron radiation is the most dangerous kind. Look up “neutron activation.”

Wait, a lot of the mutations are related to Forced Evolutionary Virus AND radiation. FEV's role is really important to the lore

7:47 In the lore for the first two Fallout games, the nuclear strikes were specifically targeted as ground detonations in order to maximize the long-term effects.

@DieselsVideos

Ай бұрын

And the show gives a possible second reason why the first Bombs detonate on the ground. They ar possibly detonated on place and not fired.

@AmaroqStarwind

Ай бұрын

@@DieselsVideos In theory, if you perfectly coordinated two nuclear weapons to detonate at exactly the same time and in roughly the same place, you could have a "dual-burst" weapon which combines a ground burst (for maximum contamination) with an air burst (for a larger blast radius). So the ground burst bomb would produce all of the contamination, and the air burst bomb would spread the contamination as far as possible.

@DieselsVideos

Ай бұрын

@@AmaroqStarwind has nothing to do with what I said. If you detonate the Bombs on the ground, because you're not firing them but you are the one who build the Vaults, placing the bombs over a long time, you do not have to fire the second bomb. And why spreading the contamination. it has a reason why we talk about half live circles. And yes you spread more. but you need half of your bombs to spread half of the contaminated material. What opens another point. Dirty Bombs would be specially designed to spread longer living radioactive particles

@AmaroqStarwind

Ай бұрын

@@DieselsVideos Ah, now I understand. I am dumb.

@Katsura_ja_nai_Zura_da

Ай бұрын

​@@DieselsVideos vaulttech didn't say they will definelty nuke, that they will nuke if peace happen. But you forget something, Chinese bombers were detected several hours before first bomb exploded so it was Chinese that bombed first. Because they were desperate to stop Americans advancing more into China.

hard to measure the height of a mushroom cloud when your eyes don't work anymore and you are on fire..

One major factor of radiaton in Fallout... Everything is nuclear powered with fission batteries. From radios to flashlights.

@phecto

Ай бұрын

Many of the cars run on nuclear energy, the power plants are all nuclear, and there's nuclear waste products careless stored everywhere to. Then all that gets hit with nukes. I mean 77 for vegas suggests that every city is basically getting a carpet bombing of nukes so all the nuclear infrastructure is getting blown up so every city suddenly makes Chernobyl look like an insignificant accident and there's no attempts at containment or cleanup. Then you have people like super mutants, enclave, brotherhood, and any nutjob raider than finds a fatman continuing to set of more tactical nukes, or even really big ones like in the case of the divide. That's why the fallout world is still a mess 200 years later.

@smolpener7430

Ай бұрын

And they just magically convert the heat into electricity.

@Mikitsubizunizu

Ай бұрын

@@smolpener7430 No, they are most likely radiovoltaic cells, though RTGs are a thing (killed those dudes in Georgia)

@cmo_kky

Ай бұрын

My thoughts too exactly. So there were factories that could have been hit too which could damage these batteries, fusion cores, etc and expose their radioactive contents to the surrounding areas. It could also be possible that these widely used fusion cores were rigged by the manufactures, whom may be in cahoots with the marketers, that could turn them into mini-nukes which would support the small nuclear yields theory mentioned.

@t84t748748t6

Ай бұрын

and dumping waste like the 50's where a fishing lake is so nuclear prewar u get burns from swimming in it

The real biggest problem with Fallout's immersion (at least in the Bethesda ones) is how it seems like the world is as if the nukes dropped a matter of years ago, not a century ago. Why do people have live in half destroyed pre war houses with trash and skeletons lying around? No one thought to build anything new or even clean up since the bombs dropped? It makes sense for desolate places, but not the many inhabited places.

@tabathacarruthers5122

Ай бұрын

Some fans think Fallout 3 takes place in 2100, not 2177 or 2277. It was like they chose a random number for how long it's been.

@shadewolf0075

Ай бұрын

Basically the whole thing about fallout is the post-apocalyptic aesthetic. You see a bunch of people complaining that fallout 76 still has places with tons of plant life in it and saying “it doesn’t look like fallout!” I agree 3 and 4 definitely feel like they are supposed to be earlier but 4 has the excuse of a secret group of scientists keeping the commonwealth divided and destroying any groups trying to actually rebuild the region. 3 honestly got explained in 76 as everyone basically just left the city and region for the way better Appalachia. We don’t really know anything about Appalachia during 3-4 so for all we know a thriving civilization has appeared

@lennysmileyface

Ай бұрын

@@shadewolf0075 It's the whole thing for Bethesda but it's not for the original vision of the games.

@theghostofthomasjenkins9643

12 күн бұрын

@@lennysmileyface no, it was still post apocalyptic in the first 2 games because the theme was we keep destroying ourselves. hence, "war never changes".

@lennysmileyface

12 күн бұрын

@@theghostofthomasjenkins9643 It was 80 years after the apocalypse in the first game and cities were already beginning to form.

the shock wave is shown before hitting the windows

@xlgapelsin6173

Ай бұрын

As they should be

@ShimrraJamaane

Ай бұрын

Shockwave effects are seen before they are felt. Light travels faster than sound.

@miriamweller812

Ай бұрын

@@ShimrraJamaane Shockwave IS 'sound'. The light effect would be seen sooner of course by putting everything on fire (or not be seen anymore when you look into it, because it would make you - at minimum temporarely - blind).

@ShimrraJamaane

Ай бұрын

@@miriamweller812 I know a shockwave is sound. You can see the effects of the pressure wave before it hits. Hence, "light travels faster than sound". The light referring to the effects of the shockwave being visible, not the light from the blast itself. The Beirut explosion is a perfect example.

@RandomPerson-yq1qk

Ай бұрын

@@ShimrraJamaane This is also dangerous because a big explosion makes people look in that direction out of windows before the windows get shattered into their faces.

We need to remind that especially in fallout 4 and 76 we see a lot of nuclear waste barrels across the map. I think this could potentially explain the intense radiation even after 200 Years . I don’t know if in the other fallout games the same thing applies

When a nuclear engineer tilts their head and delivers a slightly suspicious and monotone, "Okay..." You realize you might be under a misapprehension.

Just consider the bomb in Megaton. In the Fallout universe, nukes are low yield, somewhere between a Davy Crocket and a SADM. This is how that universe works, not ours.

@Naedlus

Ай бұрын

Yup. Bethesda pretty much stated that the physics of the world of Fallout isn't the same as our own, with semiconductor tech not being feasible, but atomic was much more so.

@russellg1473

Ай бұрын

@@Naedlusis that not a detail that interplay would be responsible for? Seems like a core part of lore, as a complete layman, seems like it would have been established long before Bethesda.

My head cannon (nooo... don't stick meh head in there and fire it! ): The blasts shown were just the first ones to fall - shortly after the intro sequence, the bombardment got a whole lot worse.

@A_Blip_In_The_Universe

Ай бұрын

The first ones were extremely low yield, to give most people time to get to the shelters or find shelter. At least this is my take...

@sgtrpcommand3778

Ай бұрын

Adding to this, these were low yield strikes against strategic targets - centres of local government, water purification, power (in the civilian context since that’s what we’re looking at here) while what would come afterwards was the main bombardment. In the movie Threads, they assumed the Soviets would detonate a high altitude warhead to disable electrical and power systems across the UK first, so it makes sense.

@Merennulli

Ай бұрын

I agree. In practice, a first strike would initially be aimed at taking out the enemy's second strike capability. The nuclear equivalent of calling "no tag-backs". That's why nuclear silos and air bases of the nuclear era moved away from population centers, but it's entirely plausible the Fallout universe opted for the economic efficiency of keeping them in cities too be closer to manufacturing and increase total output (in line with having so many). Adding to that likelihood is that the small ones were short range, meant to reduce the detection time. Air bursts as a "fighting nuclear with nuclear" defense mechanism were proven effective in Operation Plumbbob, so taking out the defensive options first with the warheads least likely to be detected in time is sound strategy.

@bee281light6

Ай бұрын

Are you sure? All they really needed was those nukes they dropped in the intro

@Merennulli

Ай бұрын

@@bee281light6 As the video mentions, the yield was far lower than the book claimed. It's also nowhere near enough for the devastation seen after they leave the vault. The total yield we saw was the same as the 2020 disaster in Beirut. Terrible, but far less than what you are saying this would do.

The fact that they got so much right must be an honor for them to receive a review from a professional in the field.

Tell all your friends about nuclear power. We must educate others about how important this energy source will be in the future and how safe it is compared to coal. If society continues to be afraid of nuclear power we are stuck burning fossil fuels. I support nuclear power!

I think you should watch the opening scene of the Fallout show. I personally think they did a decent job. They show the shockwave. But the scene is absolutely gut wrenching. The fear and wild terror is very evident and almost painful to watch. They convey just how bad everything is.

@j.f.fisher5318

Ай бұрын

I love the opening scene. But it's got lots of issues if you look at it from a realism standpoint. First, _nobody_ could mistake the flash of a nuke for a flash bulb - its like the sun outside suddenly got many times brighter which would be incredibly obvious in a house with so much glass. The way it's shown is accurate but _only_ for a fission weapon like Trinity or the weapons dropped on Japan. Fusion weapons have two flashes, the relatively quick fission flash and then a seconds-long "flash" as the fusion secondary explodes. There's practically no effect on skin or eyes from the flash. The shockwave takes long seconds to start. The glass should be deadly shrapnel inside the house. But, it's entertainment, not a documentary. It does what it's supposed to do playing up the humanity of the characters. They totally did the right thing.

@Takyodor2

Ай бұрын

@@j.f.fisher5318 Don't the two flashes occur within a microsecond or so from each other? (As in, you would need a really good high-speed camera to distinguish them)

@joshuaortiz2031

Ай бұрын

​@@Takyodor2 yes the two nuclear reactions in fusion weapon happen pretty much simultaneously within microseconds of each other.

@joshuaortiz2031

Ай бұрын

​@@j.f.fisher5318 yeah the flash was not bright enough that little girl in the beginning who was staring at the explosion would have been flash blinded instantly. The time it took for the sound and pressure wave to hit them was accurate though that's something many films and tv shows get wrong.

@j.f.fisher5318

Ай бұрын

@@Takyodor2 Look at video of thermonuclear tests. The low framerate makes it less visible but its obvious if you know what to look for. Castle Bravo or Tsar Bomba are examples though their size exaggerates this. There's a quick flash then it reduces and is replaced by a steadily growing brightness. Or look up graphs of thermal radiation over time. Visible light scales with thermal but it's the heat that does the most damage. The thermal and visible energy radiated by the fireball takes much longer than the nuclear reaction. For the largest thermonuclear weapons it lasts around half a minute. Smaller thermonuclear weapons still last multiple seconds, and the human eye is good at distinguishing the separation between flashes. Also this was a big part of why duck and cover was so important to avoid as much of that thermal radiation as possible if directly exposed to the flash at distances that weren't immediately deadly.

2:06 keep in mind that the vaults are also build underground so in addition to the 3 feet thick lead walls you’d have all that earth too.

@S1ipperyJim

Ай бұрын

A woman in Japan survived a nuke by just being inside a concrete bank only 300m away from the hypocenter, whereas someone on the stairs outside was vaporised

One thing that is commonly overlooked is all the dead bodies that would go unattended. Diseases would run unchecked because the emergency response units would be overwhelmed and unable to clean up the corpses quickly.

Random theory. Maybe those nukes were designed for the 250 kTon yield, but underperformed due to poor maintenance. Modern nukes require expensive servicing as some elements (tritium) have half-lives measured in decades. Maybe Fallout nukes were closer to dirty bombs.

@andyf4292

Ай бұрын

fizzles

@sanctionh2993

Ай бұрын

As he said, misuse of the word theory 😂

@carlosfbarajas7755

Ай бұрын

Maybe cobalt bombs?

@samiraperi467

17 күн бұрын

@@sanctionh2993 I dunno, seems like there's backing evidence, so it's one step above hypothesis.

I mean I think chernobyl would be very dangerous to be around IF and I say IF there hadn't been efforts to clean up and contain the issue, such as if everyone died in a nuclear conflict and any survivors wouldn't know the first thing about how to go about cleaning up a nuclear disaster.

I worked with nukes once upon a time. People are always shocked when I explain how survivable a nuclear war would be if you were outside the thermal pulse. Your biggest threat would be starvation after the collapse of the supply chain(refineries targeted) and the fallout falling in Americas breadbasket.

@gwynnmccallan8856

Ай бұрын

If it's every nuke Russia and the US has, is Nuclear Winter a real possibility?

I’m not sure many know this but, when Mount St. Helen erupted, a science teacher in Warren, Michigan, took one meter square sheets of plywood, placed visqueen over that and spread Vaseline petroleum jelly on top of that. I don’t remember how long they were placed on the roof of the school, however when they retrieved them and dissolved the jelly and filtered it out, it resulted in a significant amount of ash that had drifted those many miles.

I'd like to think that the Fallout alternate universe diverged from our real timeline at the moment if the first Atom bomb test

So the fun part about the nukes in the opening scene are ground nukes detonated internally, so they were low yield first before the Chinese and American nukes even started launching.

@tauceti8060

Ай бұрын

Where did you get that info?

@SpookDudeGoesWild

Ай бұрын

Lore on the Fallout Series as a whole tells you Vault Tec set off the initial bombs, just have to dig deep for it. In good faith of trying not to spoil the show, you should watch it, as it is cannon in this universe.

@Chopstorm.

Ай бұрын

​@@SpookDudeGoesWild Was that actually confirmed? They obviously say that they can start the war themselves, but did they actually go through with it? Tim Cain stated multiple times (and it's present within Fallout 1) that the Chinese were the first to launch the nukes.

@gavros9636

Ай бұрын

​@@Chopstorm. There's evidence in one of the dlc's that aliens started it

@Chopstorm.

Ай бұрын

@gavros9636 Yeah, in Zeta. Again, evidence =/= proof.

What Film Theory got wrong (and most of Bethesda's Fallout games) is you do see the thermal effects of the bombs on humans. In Fallout 1 (Black Isle Studios Fallout) you meet many Ghouls who survived the great war in Necropolis (Bakersfield) their leader Set is depicted with most of his skin burned off, exposed organs and so on. This depiction of Ghouls was dropped after Bethesda bought the franchise

@SpitFir3Tornado

Ай бұрын

I wouldn't say Betheada dropped it when they took overthr franchise... FO3 and FNV have similar appearing ghouls with melted flesh. FO4 is the first one with the smoothskin sunburnt ghouls.

@A_N1ne

Ай бұрын

@@SpitFir3Tornado true, but if you look at the model made for Set and then the model used for ghouls in 3 and NV, Set actually looks like he went through a nuclear explosion. Compare that to Moira in Megaton who also went through a nuclear blast, there's a big difference between the 2. Don't get me wrong 3 and NV's ghouls are way better then 4 and 76's, but I think Fallout 1 and 2 did them best. I also prefer the talking heads of the original games to the Xbox 360 era textures in the 3D games. So it could just be a personal bias and texture limitations.

@danchrapko445

Ай бұрын

i do wish for a nother fallout game in the style of 1 and 2

well the first fallout game takes place in 2161 and by that point there's already small towns popping up and some larger towns even.

One issue with the theory is that I believe the height of the mushroom clouds in nuke map is the tallest point the mushroom cloud reaches. It would take the plume many minutes to rise to that height. So judging the height only a few seconds after detonation is bad methodology

@samiraperi467

17 күн бұрын

You underestimate the shockwave. It moves *fast*. Sure, the plume after the shockwave takes long to rise, but you have to remember that the shockwave is supersonic.

I think the biggest issue is what I call Devolution. Jobs would end, manufacturing, factories, etc. Then human knowledge would end in the dog eat dog food first world. Very quickly, knowledge about computers and other tech would disappear. For example, most kids don't even know how to make a lightbulb, forge materials, identify edible plants or other things people for most of history could do. Also, the scientist and intellectuals probably wouldn't survive the first generation of fighting. People wouldn't spend the time to teach reading and writing, etc. Eventually you might return to caveman, lol

@jazzyjaytee9961

Ай бұрын

Absolutely, yes. Well, maybe not actual cavemen dressed in raw animal hides, but most certainly to a level of pre-industrial society. On a side note, while I have read all about Edison's light bulb, I personally would have no idea how to build one from scratch in my garage. Especially without a vacuum pump.

@modelcitizen8731

24 күн бұрын

Watch threads, you'll see what would happen, it's grim

Many of the creatures in the Fallout games aren’t that way from radioactive mutations but deliberate experimentation at Big MT

47:05 I think he had it the right way around, he was saying the volcano was equal to thousands or tens of thousands of nuclear weapons.

12:03 correction: a shake is actually 10 nanoseconds or 10^-8 seconds.

There isn't really any lower limit to how small a mushroom cloud can get. I've seen them on smaller explosions similar to a single stick of dynamite. It's just a matter of how the gasses, dust and whatnot gets thrown around.

@ShimrraJamaane

Ай бұрын

It's a matter of convective forces. That's what a mushroom cloud is: convection.

Well, now I'm starting to fall back on an old theory, that as of Fallout 3, with their inclusion of Dunwich Borers, they took a page from Deadlands: The Wasted West, and that in their world, the radiation is tied to the paranormal, which would also explain why it played nice for so long, encouraging society to adopt atomic cars, etc. so that when the fit hit the shan, they (whatever paranormal entities are toyed with in the series,) would have the best chance of causing true chaos in society to allow the paranormal to have a proper chance to take hold largely unnoticed by the population outside of ghouls, and even then, it's not the population noticing the paranormal, but the questioning audience putting things together over time.

The explosions of the nukes themself would not lead to a nuclear winter But I think they implied that the majority of the smoke would come from all the fires that the nukes cause. Is there a reson why there wouldn't be so much fire to cause a nuclear winter?

@davidroberts9099

Ай бұрын

The smoke was the excuse used to make the claim to begin with. The entire winter theory falls apart when peer reviewed by scientists instead of activists. The radiation is a different problem, that would kill a lot of people.

@Staladus

Ай бұрын

I mean we already have thousands of forest fires on earth, and they dont even have an effect on cooling the earth. The problem is that while there will be a lot of soot, most of it will fall back to earth by just gravity or rain. Things only stay for longer if it reaches the stratosphere, and its highly unlikely that surface fires would send stuff that high.

@detvarvalfanda

Ай бұрын

@@Staladus ok That seems logical

@S1ipperyJim

Ай бұрын

Depending on the yield the blast wave can extinguish the fires from the thermal radiation

@herbertnorman617

11 күн бұрын

Not confirming or denying what is at hand a speculative theory, one that I think has a little more credibility than portrayed here, as it is at least debated by people knowing their shit (which I certainly do not sufficiently to confirm and deny, and I hope we will as humanity never get empirical data on it). But to clarify: The theory posits that the firestorms of a burning city, as seen in firebombings of cities, would create a vortex strong enough to propel the soot into higher layers of the athmosphere, where it would not simply fall out quickly but take many years in which it would have a cooling effect. This is not something that happens even during devastating forest fires. So the speculation is a bit more founded than that.

Civilization tried to restart immediately after the bombs in the Fallout Universe. Brotherhood of Steel formed directly after the war in 2078 by remnants of the US military. The US government reformed as the Enclave immediately. Vegas never fell and remained a functional city. Former US Millitary went to war with the Former US Government and various Militias for control of vital assets. Both BoS and Enclave love using Nukes so there was most definately more Nukes dropped in their post-war conflict.

The main Point is: he gets a range for strategic nukes and assumes that the biggest in the show is on the upper end. Then he said that everything is too small for the estimated upper end bomb. the question would be: is the cloud realistic to the other effects? maybe its just not 750kt and 200 kt but 200 kt and 50 kt?

I guess the warhead yield is under 100kt . I don’t know much about the Chinese nuclear weapons in the fallout universe but I think because of the ressource war going on the chinese government would probably use warheads that aren’t thermonuclear . But because we didn’t see any type of MIRV falling down the weapon could have been planted on the ground by Vault tec maybe , but who knows .

@samiraperi467

17 күн бұрын

They would definitely be psychopathic enough.

My biggest beef is always the dead plants. Plants, and many other creatures and organisms are affected by radiation to a much lesser degree than humans are.

Some kid in fallout 4 survived for 200 years by hiding in a fridge when the bombs fell right on top of the city. How he survived without food and water that long, and how his parents didn't find him for 200 years despite living about 100 meters away from him for those 200 years is a mystery so mysterious even the writer of the quest doesn't know the answer and he blocks everyone who asks.

Regarding the typical yield of a Fallout nuclear weapon being 200-750 kt, a wiki article has this to say about real weapon. "The Mark 18 nuclear bomb, also known as the SOB or Super Oralloy Bomb, was an American nuclear bomb design which was the highest yield fission bomb produced by the US. The Mark 18 had a design yield of 500 kilotons. Nuclear weapon designer Ted Taylor was the lead designer for the Mark 18."

The problem with the "Nature reserve" in Tschernobyl is that humans live longer than animals so they are more likely to develop cancer and other medical problems due to radiation. So small animals mostly die of old age before they get cancer. Birds are a different story due to their fast metabolism. Birds really can't thrive in Tschernobyls nature reserve (yet). Nuclear fallout affects humans most. Nukes are actually the most harmless ABC weapon. C weapons can destroy the ecosystem on a bacteriological level preventing recovery for a very long time. A-weapons have a very local effect and the area can recover relative quickly.

@PhantomHelix

Ай бұрын

Not that any are in the vicinity of Chernobyl, but giant tortoises species are mostly larger and longer lived than humans and are extremely resilient to cancers so……..

@samiraperi467

17 күн бұрын

@@PhantomHelix They also have stupidly slow metabolisms.

Hello. Thank you so much for making nuclear related videos, they are very interesting and learning so much. I was wondering have you made a video of N. S Savannah? I think Savannah was first commercial nuclear powered freight ship + it could also passengers.

My biggest issue is that if you can see the mushroom cloud then you've already survived the thermal blast and shockwave. Hence, you still have time to get away, even if radiation exposure is higher because the two biggest quick k*ll scenarios would happen before you see a well defined mushroom cloud.

There is a Quest called "Here there be Monsters" in Fallout 4 and it is given to the Player by a Kid on the Docks who tells the Player that he sees a Monster looking out from below the Surface of the Water but its actually a Parascope from a Chinese Submarine that has been Damaged 200+ Years ago and it was possibly the Sub that launched the Nukes in Boston, Massachusetts but was damaged by a Mine and everyone in the sub turned into Ghouls, but Captain Zao was the only one who didn't Turn Feral. If you help him repair the sub he gives you a Chinese Sword and a Transponder so you can call in Nukes from the Sub. But like all Nukes, they are Small like a Mini Nuke, or Fat Man Shell.

To be fair: a lower yield can be a bigger problem, because high yield can easily lead to a lot of material just blown into space. It would be a lot about the 'perfect' yield to reach that orbit in which a majority of that material would stay for a long time and not either be thrown from the planet for good or fall back again.

@Staladus

Ай бұрын

Ok I dont think high yield nukes can send stuff into orbit lmao. The ash cloud doesnt even reach the stratosphere most of the time

I'd almost recommend you react to the classic "Threads", but things are depressing enough these days.

@mikhailiagacesa3406

22 күн бұрын

People who play Fallout should DEFINATELY see it, if they haven't already.

Erosion by wind and wearther and alike will simply spread and by that thin out radioactive elements. People also often don't get the difference between the radioactive elements and the radiation. You can block most radiation easily, especially alpha and even beta and an alpha emitter on your skin wouldn't be good, but also not lethal (as long as you wash it off sooner or later and of course you you don't have such high radiation level, that it pretty much cooks you). But when you consume a radioactive element and at worst it stays in your system, constantly denaturalizing your organs... Biggest (longer term) problem in Tschernobyl was that certain plants liked to absorb those elements, what could then also get into animal which eat them, what then made consumption of these animals or plants not exactly healthy. It would not kill you, but of course raise your long term risk for health issues.

44:30 Yea another thing about that time period of 1816 was it was still in the Little Ice Age that ran from the 14th century to the mid of the 19th century, so the impact if there was to be one would have been increased during that point of time.

100 tons is only 9 GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast bombs.

What I noticed is in the games e.g. Fallout 4 obviously the greater Boston area is much much smaller than it actually is. So when we consider that "Sanctuary" is actually a little bit North West of Concord and ground zero of that nuke is somewhere around the town of Dover (which is way outside of downtown Boston), we are talking a distance of 27 kilometers or about 17 miles. That means the single nuke in Fallout 4 that hits the Boston area when scaled to the real world must be approximately 2.3 megatons in size to do the damage we see in the game (then again it's 200 years later when you actually play in the game and a lot of damage could just be done by time). So it might be an oversight in the show or just following the game aesthetics that the nukes look so small, while IRL they should be much larger. For the show it's certainly a jawdropping shot.

To give film theory some credit, the fallout world having significantly more nuclear bombs and a world where most of our food stockpiles were just destroyed by said bombs, a few years of nuclear "winter" aka bad yields on what crops we did try to grow likely would be enough to cause a lot of starvation and deaths related to the fights over what remained.

There's also a comment in one of the games (I forget which one) that the bombs that started the devastation also set off most of the various small batteries and other nuclear devices that were powering everything. From cars, to homes. Each of these would not have a large explosive blast, but could add to the amount of localized blanketing waste. It's never described how well these more portable devices would detonate. Could they be incomplete explosions, or just shatter and spray their irradiated components about.

4:50 I will say they did show the shock wave, it was in the scene before the one film theory showed. I bet they just didn’t want to cgi it for every bomb dropped

In the year 536 was the closest we came to a global nuclear winter.

the smaller, surface level nukes falls in line with lore and vault techs plan to purge the land and wait for the radiation to kill the left overs and wait for the radiation to fade before opening all the vaults to re populate, not expecting people to survive.

One thing that seems to be ignored from the equation is the presence of quick healing medicines and insanely effective anti-radiation medications. Assuming the nukes were actually more like neutron bombs, as well as being ground bursts, Cooper's survival for the next few hours is 'believable'. If he came across some radaway and/or stimpacks, both he and his daughter would be saved from their initial damage and exposure. The ghoulification was just something that happened to a small number of people, and the script says that having received a terminal dose of rads, Cooper changed into a ghoul. He was one of the few that reacted to the rads that way. Thanks for the analysis.

Note that mutated fauna, super mutants and ghouls aren't due to radiation, but due to the massively more advanced gene- and biotech in the Fallout universe. The chems they used 2077, including stimpack, were really crazy.

In the Fallout universe, they canonically used ground burst nukes to create more radioactive fallout.

Conventional + radioactive matter? The implications of the Season 1 concluding episode is that a consortium of corporations were responsible, including Vault-Tech. A series of "dirty" conventional bombs, instead of real-world thermonuclear weapons. What do you think?

What yield would you guess for the visuals? 1-2 kt? Edit: That's what i get for commenting early. The Info is in the video

Lets not forget that in the Fallout universe the nukes were made to pollute the land and air as much as possible so that the other nation couldnt use said land after detonation and not destroy infrastructures. In fact in fallout most buildings were still up after the bombs, with exceptions of course. They used one nuke like we do in our world that was meant to destroy the city of Shady Sands and you can see the difference, not much radiation but a big crater.

The difference with the Tambora eruption was secondary effects. Yes, the yield is far lower for the Fallout war, but it's spread out with secondary sources of particulate into the upper atmosphere. But, yes, more up to date models for nuclear winter are relatively short and survivable. The problem is after nuclear winter ends with the particulate falling out of the atmosphere, you're left with the CO2 and other greenhouse gasses from all those projected fires and a lot of decaying matter from the nuclear winter period adding more to it and a slow recovery as plants and algae re-colonize areas. Obviously, neither of these is the end of the world, but it's certainly plausible to end up with post-apocalyptic power struggles, resource shortages and systems collapse like something out of Mad Max. To be honest, the biggest threat of nuclear war is systems collapse. We could feasibly bounce back to producing enough food not too long after nuclear war, but if we don't have the systems in place to get it to people, things get really bad really fast for anywhere that isn't within walking distance of enough actively producing farmland for the population. Which doesn't just mean every big city but even a lot of rural towns.

@LoricSwift

Ай бұрын

One of the things that always sticks out to me in these post-apoc settings (Fallout, Mad Max etc), humanity's biggest enemy is invariably humanity itself. For person trying to rebuild any scrap of civilisation there seems to be someone just out for themselves ready to take what they can carry and burn everything else down. Its even worse in Fallout where it has been 200 years and people are still struggling and living of pre-war scraps.

@mikhailiagacesa3406

22 күн бұрын

No seed crops, no fertilizer, no irrigation water, no food; if you survive initially, you will be living off the land. What's left of it.

@Merennulli

22 күн бұрын

@@mikhailiagacesa3406 Why would there be no seed crops, fertilizer or irrigation water in what we just talked about? That may be true of the fantasy world of Fallout that has openly admitted it's based on "because we needed a wasteland for the story" logic, but it doesn't work with even the outdated and incorrect projections of nuclear winter at the height of the Cold War, let alone the current projections.

Congrats on 100k!

Little bit of a fun fact with the lore of the fallout universe the nukes were actually part of a submarine stealth launcher or basically they are a rocket

Had to give you a like for talking about C&C alone. I was wondering if the cars that where powered by nuclear fusion chain react to the bombs? Not saying it would change much but just wondering

Hi, can you comment/speculate any way acoustic materials could be engineered to absorb radiation as at Fukushima or Chernobl? Thank you.

Love the vid! A lot of the radiation came from pretty much every pre war nook and cranny was used as a nuke waste dump. In F4, you can find entire dump sites in lakes, streams, in populated areas etc. Glowing goo everywhere in busted barrels. So I would guess that it too got thrown all over via shockwave and 'Fallout.'

My headcannon for the Fallout Great War has for a long time been that they peppered the continent with thousands of small yield nukes. A half a dozen or more for each city kinda bombardment. But I also think that the aftermath of that Day was a whole lot of survivor settlements rising, fighting, and using now abandoned nuclear facilities to effectively continually nuke themselves for generations. This is why by time you get to Fallout 3, the world just looks GHASTLY

@RandomPerson-yq1qk

Ай бұрын

In f76 people use nukes just to get their hands on exotic irradiated plants and similar materials. In Fallout radiation = magic and Fallout's dirty nukes are a perfect way to irradiate a lot of stuff for the magic properties.

Yoo I was hoping you'd react to this one! Commenting during the intro to get the comment in a soon as possible, so I can't wait to see what you say!

'Get your facts first, then you can distort them as you please.' -Mark Twain

Hey, while you're at it, I'd love to see your reactions to Shoddycast's series on the science of fallout. He even has a video on the mini nukes you mentioned. He even talks about how the mushroom cloud visuals on small explosions too

Sad enough, many people seem to think that those videogame nukes are just as it is. When you hear people say, that they should use nukes here or there, for examplt to destroy a bridge or whatever, it seems like they think of those C&C nukes, which are more on the level of a FAB or MOAB at best (in C&C generals the MOAB and nuke are pretty much the same, only difference is that radioactive cloud hanging around for some minutes - it doesn't even have any kind of EMP, what is also something utterly ignored in most fictional stories).

@andyf4292

Ай бұрын

I think EMP is only of any effect if detonated in thin , high altitude air?

I imagine the relatively low yield bombs hitting a city like LA would cause a chain reaction with all of the nuclear powered cars that are in the fallout games.

I think it's important to also note that Nukes (and physics as a whole) in Fallout do not act the same way they do in the real world. Instead, they act according to the pulpy 50s common sensibilities of what Nuclear Armageddon would entail: Gigantified Bugs, Endless Radiation, Zombified Humans, etc. Since Fallout one, it's never been particularly realistic, but it wasn't really trying to be. Thank you for your valuable input on this topic

If possible to answer due to security reasons, what is the most dangerous event that’s happened at the nuclear plant you work at. And is/are the reactor(s) at your power plant pressurised water reactor(s)

The breakdown zero humans were asking for, fact checking a game that doesn't even take itself seriously, and makes jokes about how laughable the premise is, in the game itself.

The fact your mentioning that we don't see any bombs or rockets falling just makes me believe even more than vault tec in the end set them off on purpose

i know near nothing about radiation so bare with me and this is just a question but, does the time for uranium etc to lose its radiation shorten if you break it down and separate it into small pieces? think of how ice melts faster when its in smaller pieces compared to if it where all connected. again i know nothing and im just speaking my curiosity

Thanks to the animation of intense storms in fallout 4 and even more so in its Far Harbor DLC, I think “nuclear winter” is a blanket term, while it’s obvious the environment sees a swing of extremes day to day, it was never an ice age. The mass fire idea is supported by how everything is burned or has evidence of a fire in the past even far beyond the immediate blast area. I suspect the mutations are less from the initial fallout or the half lives of the remaining fallout and more so from generations of contaminated food and water being consumed bit by by decade for decade. Some vaults opened soon by design while others played a long game. You can see some towns being rebuilt before being destroyed again. The wasteland has gotten worse, not better.

In Fallout 76 you get more than daily nukes still being launched by players to farm endgame items and enemies on a single server. So if we consider player action in f76 as canon across all servers then A LOT of nukes are being continously lauched even 25 years after the war. All just in the name of creating exotic materials.

@shadewolf0075

Ай бұрын

Lore wise there are only 2 confirmed cases of the vault 76 dwellers using the nukes

@jimskywaker4345

Ай бұрын

I love that explanation.

Fallout 4’s mc was trapped for a little over 210 years thanks to being frozen in a cryopod

I'm curious on an unrelated matter. TMI is literally just down the river for me, shuttered to be decommissioned due to cost of operation being massively higher than to operate fossil fuel plants for energy production. What's the estimated cost comparison for a modern design reactor vs TMI's rather elderly class of reactor?

Detonating on the surface will cause less direct destruction, but doesn't it also greatly increase the amount of fallout from the bombs?

Can't directly compare a volcano and nukes based on yield as far as nuclear winter scenarios are concerned. That's a single source vs multiple sources. Depending on weather patterns, and how high the dust goes from each one, the effects could be very different. However, I see no grounds to state those would be "irreversible", and if the fallout universe weapons are underpowered, one might argue the mushrooms would not be that tall and the dust would not reach that high into the upper levels of the atmosphere so would not stay up there for long. One could dig deeper as to theorize what effect small-yield large-scale nuke conflict might have on Earth's albedo (from destroyed cities, plant death, etc) which also may be a significant factor influencing temperatures.

@alexc2626

Ай бұрын

the scale should also be considered, the great war in fallout isn't isolated to just america. Every major power dumped their entire arsenal into everyone else, all at once. Assuming that China, America and the USSR are churning enough nuclear weapons / power sources that it has sparked a resource war due to scarcity, the global tally of nuclear warheads is absurdly high.

@alexc2626

Ай бұрын

the scale should also be considered, the great war in fallout isn't isolated to just america. Every major power dumped their entire arsenal into everyone else, all at once. Assuming that China, America and the USSR are churning enough nuclear weapons / power sources that it has sparked a resource war due to scarcity, the global tally of nuclear warheads is absurdly high.

@alexc2626

Ай бұрын

the scale should also be considered, the great war in fallout isn't isolated to just america. Every major power dumped their entire arsenal into everyone else, all at once. Assuming that China, America and the USSR are churning enough nuclear weapons / power sources that it has sparked a resource war due to scarcity, the global tally of nuclear warheads is absurdly high.

Hey, First time here and this is a good review video, I had actually not seen the film theory vid for the TV show. It is good to hear opinions from a person who is educated in the field. That said Fallout games are...Games, and I prefer them to be over the top comical and relaxing. This is why the games have 'Crocket' launchers you can aim at your feet and survive, miracle drugs that heal and remove rads, etc. The TV show had a chance to show some real blasts but this shows they went small, like micro nukes that were still the size of 'Big Boy'. I will check into your other videos on Fallout and Chernobyl.

That's just a hypothesis, a game hypothesis!

@Fred-rv2tu

Ай бұрын

Perfect

Fallout is an alternate universe. The 1950's "atomic punk" is more than just an aesthetic. It's a world were the 1950's, pop/comic book understanding of radiation. Less cancer, more superpowers. To quote the fallout 4 parady "radiation can lead to debilitating death... It can also make you immortal."

No the one in Compton was done by One dude in a movie that I forgot the name of but he pulls out a nuclear bomb out of a male truck that was him

47:07 you have to divide by size but multiply by amount. As I didn’t write down the yields I would have to rewatch and find this comment again. Edit: did the math, 40,000-150,000 lore accurate Great War nukes would have to be used or 300 million show accurate nukes would have to be used to “match” the blast of Mt. Tambora. This doesn’t take into account the fires.

Don't you need the really big yields to push the aerosols high enough into the atmosphere to cause a nuclear winter anyway? A hundred thousand tiny nukes seems like answer to the question "how to we kill a country without causing nuclear winter". Also, setting off volcanoes to slow down climate change sounds like a Bond villain's plan.

Also : "M.A.D." means there would be multiple hydrogen bombs per square kilometr over any major settlement, so picture New Year's Eve, but with heavy nukes, so I'd expect a huge slab of black glass covering the LA,not ruins.

It's not unusual for an ICBM to house multiple warheads, if you wanted to disrupt a society, setting off a scattered low yield spread in that manner while using larger devices against strategic targets would fit.

@Fred-rv2tu

Ай бұрын

A city is considered a strategic target. Tanks battalions are tactical.

Nice video, good info but dude you know that you have to make a video about how to shelter, shield ourselves and survive a nuclear Fallout since we are in a possible future where threats of nuclear war is very possible.

you have to remember, even if they are aesthetically 1950's, they are technologically more advanced than us in nuclear research, since unlike us, they didn't screech to an halt like when our cold war ended.

I always figured that 200+ years for the vaults to open had more to do with the experiments being conducted in the vaults than any actual ambient radiation. in 76 they open the vault after around 20 years, because 76 was a control vault that didn't have an experiment.

I'll just point out here that Honest Hearts offers a much more realistic and grounded view of nuclear explosions through Randall Clark's journal entries, including musing "Two months in cave. Still lethal outside. Don't get it. In army they said 2-4 weeks cleared fallout."

1 Fev. The fallout universe has a couple of decades of genetic engineering. It also has people able to buy some surprisingly advanced self motivating AI. That is able to function after 200 years with minimal maintenance. Also the super mutants seemed to have been a research project that went on during and after the great war. Radiation. The fallout universe seemed to have gone in for nuclear power on an insain scale. Now visualize a world that replaced its 1950 s era power plants in every small town that was big enough with nuke plants. For example fallout 4 Concord had a Plutonium breeder reactor powering it.. add in fission powered jets and cars and the appearance of early fusion power, and 1950 s attitude to just dumping toxic waste anywhere...to parody levels. Again part of the point with fallout is it took 1950s paranoia and culture to insain levels to parody it. I mean seriously they were thinking about building actual atomic powered trains, cars, aircraft, and nuclear bomb powered rockets (Project Orion) (never mind the Other nuclear propulsion projects like Pluto)

46:00, the guy might've meant the eruption 74,000 years ago that left 3,000-10,000 humans remaining

Let's check out my Daddy sense by listening to the a baby in the background. Sounds like a baby girl saying twice at least, "Daddy, I think I have something for you here!" Dedication at full blast. Pls mate, that baby (no matter what) needs your attention more than me as a channel follower or any of us here could ever deserve or thank you for. Sorry if I was too straight forward. Great vid as always!

A widely disregarded detail is that the mutations are a consequence of the FEV in the atmosphere and not of the radiation.

What all nuclear powered things used in the city.. robots, cars.. even power. Also fallout 4 you meet the person who nuked Boston. A Chinese Ghoul on a sub. You can talk with him about that day and how he fired the nukes