What ancient DNA can teach us about migration in prehistory | Professor Ian Barnes | TEDxLondon

Professor Ian Barnes explains how the people who lived on the British Isles thousands of years ago transformed into the the population that live in the UK today. Cutting-edge scientific technology confirmed earlier in 2018 that Britain's oldest complete skeleton, known as Cheddar Man, had dark brown skin and blue eyes. This caused a social media storm, angering some groups who said the findings were incorrect. Ian argues that such factions were upset due to their own inaccurate narratives of racial continuity. Ian is a Research Leader at the Natural History Museum, where he focuses on the investigation of ancient biomolecules to resolve questions in archaeology, palaeontology and evolutionary biology. He has degrees in Archaeological Science (from Bradford) and Molecular Ecology (from York) and for the last 20 years he has been heavily involved in the development of ancient DNA. Recently, his major focus has been on the role of adaptation and migration in the human settlement of the British Isles. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at www.ted.com/tedx

Пікірлер: 67

  • @Urslocalcat
    @Urslocalcat3 жыл бұрын

    Very interesting 👍👍

  • @obiwahndagobah9543
    @obiwahndagobah95435 жыл бұрын

    What he he did not mention though, is that these people all interbred with each other

  • @dinsel9691

    @dinsel9691

    4 жыл бұрын

    Precisely... it was not replacement.. it was addition. Every modern European is a mixture of those 3 populations (Hunters, Farmers, Metal Workers)

  • @carrieannkouri2151
    @carrieannkouri21514 жыл бұрын

    Amazing

  • @barta9342
    @barta93424 жыл бұрын

    The history shows that populations can be replaced totally. That migration waves replaced the " indeginous" people. He didn't mension mixed with the "indeginous" people or blended in with the "ïndeginous people" . The conclusion can also be : migration can be very hazardous for the current "native" population.

  • @whatabouttheearth

    @whatabouttheearth

    4 жыл бұрын

    No one has gotten replaced by migration, either haplotypes merge with others or they move out, sometimes the incoming migrants get sick because there are conditions that they are not adjusted to but other than that where is a total disappearance by eradication of indigenous a peoples large haplotype?

  • @barta9342

    @barta9342

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@whatabouttheearth Professor Barnes claims that studying ancients DNA or haplotypes shows these replacements. Incoming migrants can become sick but they can also introduce virusses and bacteria causing sickness. Another demension is that migrations were not always peacefull. The United Nations Durban pact 2001 dictates that migration is always positive . All other visions should be oppressed. Real evidence based science isn't possible in this international political construct. Onley pseudo-science confirming these UN politics.

  • @AMan-io7wt

    @AMan-io7wt

    Жыл бұрын

    Sweden, Germany have experienced much hazardous magration inthe last 3 years.

  • @samuelandrews3829
    @samuelandrews38294 жыл бұрын

    I've noticed a clear trend in history books when the topic of ethnicity comes up. Whether it be ancient Greeks, English, Germans, Persians, etc. They always say ethnicity is about culture not shared ancestry. Even though almost every ethnic group in recorded history has defined itself as people with shared ancestry. They do this because of ideology not fact. Because, they don't want an unbreakable bond (common ancestry) to legitimize linkage between people. It is one of many manifestations of the social constructionist. They want everything about reality to interpretation and able to be shaped in whatever way leftist desire it to be. They don't like nations, nationalism, ethnic groups. So, they want people to believe those things are defined only by social constructions not shared ancestry. British are not a "nation of immigrants or migrants." They have shared ancestry with each other

  • @axg5391

    @axg5391

    3 жыл бұрын

    It's more complex than that- I'll take language to illustrate my point. There are myriad groups that have migrated into Britain, giving us the English language we have today (for example, the Romans, Vikings, Normans etc...) Nearly every ethnicity today is a product of many different migratory waves, and therefore people of different ancestries. Pretty much every nation is a nation of immigrants.

  • @samuelandrews3829

    @samuelandrews3829

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@axg5391 The Vikings and Normans, for example, weren't forefathers of modern England. They were invaders of a England which already existed. England itself was created by Anglo Saxons. I don't know when English schools stopped teaching this.

  • @samuelandrews3829

    @samuelandrews3829

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@axg5391 I agree many nations, but not necessarily all, are a mixture of multiple nations/populations/whatever which existed before them. To add to that few nations in the world are very old. Serbians for example are mixture of Slavs who invaded in 600 ad and various different populations who already lived in Balkans. Their "nation" didn't for till a couple hundred years later is fairly young. But, the thing is people use this to then say nations aren't real. Then to also say, in this era of high migration into Western Europe, that Western European nations don't exist in the first. And to say, Western Europeans have no right to say "We'd like to keep France French. We don't want waves of people from Asia & Africa coming here." Which is a totally reasonably thing to say but in our era has become synonymous with xenophobia.

  • @Dotsetc

    @Dotsetc

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@samuelandrews3829 Because it is basically xenophobia. I'm not saying thats its not understandable that especially conservative people rather 'conserve' things they way they are ergo their culture and tradtion. However when speaking about Western societies, about half of most their cultures are actually mixtures of all kinds of cultures around the world that were and are ever changing. So the feelings are understandable but once you view said migrants as a 'threat' to your culture ergo, your people and country you're getting real tribalistic and thus xenophobic. Its contextual this and kinda unfair. I think for example Africans also would love it if Western companies actually didnt deplete the entirety of Africa of its resources and actually went away, but they just gotta deal with people saying they just come to Europe to take advantage of it while destroying their culture. So yea if its like that, then it surely is xenophobic. Especially the added hypocrisy proves that unless its of course ignorance.

  • @samuelandrews3829

    @samuelandrews3829

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@Dotsetc It is mainly not immigrants I have a problem with, it is White Leftists in Western countries who intentionally immigrants against the host populations, in politics (Democrat Party for example) and simply as a tool to erase the cohesiveness of Western nations.

  • @avalondreaming1433
    @avalondreaming14333 жыл бұрын

    I thought that they found that Cheddar man was related to the current British population?

  • @EveningGoDs
    @EveningGoDs5 жыл бұрын

    X video's on here too? 🤔

  • @samuelandrews3829
    @samuelandrews38294 жыл бұрын

    0:51. He says Britain is a migrant nation here. 12:17. Then he says there has been no genetic change in Britain in the last 4,000 years. Four thousand years is a long time., British people are not a migrant nation. Its history is not the history of constant immigration/migrations from continental Europe into Britain. There were a few population replacements in its early history but for the last four thousend years there has not been a lot of change. Certainly not in the last 1,000 years. Anybody, who knows about ancient DNA or British history knows this. This is not based on politics this is based on plain facts. Trust, me, in upcoming years Ideologies, are going to try to twist the facts of European history to try to convince Europeans they have no legitimate identity or heritage. Its coming. History academia in universities today is dominated by ideologies whose main goal is to degrade and destroy Western identity and sense of history.

  • @drunio1504

    @drunio1504

    4 жыл бұрын

    No heritage, how convenient. I call bullocks. My family goes all the way back to Neolithic Norfolk. We were and are Britons right down to our toenails.

  • @bartholomewtott3812
    @bartholomewtott38125 жыл бұрын

    I think its pretty cool that the whg had such an interesting physical makeup. I don't think its cool when people try to hijack this fact for some obscure political agenda.

  • @MrNickMoor
    @MrNickMoor3 жыл бұрын

    Neolithic people comin over here!! Gotta love Stewart Lee

  • @andynixon2820
    @andynixon28203 жыл бұрын

    I get what he's saying - and I love that the first Britain's were dark skinned . But drawing comparisons between ancient and modern immigration is not as straightforward as he makes it seem . And I bet immigration was also a complicated topic in our ancient past as well .

  • @coreycrain3692

    @coreycrain3692

    Жыл бұрын

    That's still being disputed by scientists in scientific circles as the study the found his skin colour made a lot of mistakes and jump to conclusions. He certainly was darker but was he as dark as presented

  • @cusco4x295
    @cusco4x2954 жыл бұрын

    Why is this guy giving little steps on stage...if he gives big steps in human evolution?

  • @orga7012

    @orga7012

    3 жыл бұрын

    it seems like he must be always moving, but not allowed to leave the red circle. maybe TED's logo is a red dot, to remind the speakers there are snipers making sure they stay on the rug.

  • @mahavirsingh8469

    @mahavirsingh8469

    3 жыл бұрын

    reading from prompt placed on floor

  • @oliverave1234
    @oliverave12343 жыл бұрын

    It is not absolute that he had dark skin. Professor Susan Walsh developed the DNA skin prediction method at Purdue for forensic purposes and was one of the contributors to the Cheddar Man research publication. She was quoted as stating that no one can say with certainty what his skin color was. The eye color is much more definite. They had to fill in a lot of blanks to arrive at "dark to very dark" skin for Cheddar Man.

  • @AntzLoks1314
    @AntzLoks1314 Жыл бұрын

    El-Choctaw-lord-De-CalifasMexicoAztlan Antz-that-walks-in-sky iAnTz Cali

  • @senegalcom
    @senegalcom5 жыл бұрын

    The final statement is ridiculous: "The large scale migrations of today are nothing like the population replacements of the past." You're comparing ten thousand years with the past three years since the 2015 migration tsunami? Do the math. If current trends continue, you're looking at mere decades for major population replacement. Forget about centuries. And definitely it will not take thousands of years.

  • @Earth098

    @Earth098

    5 жыл бұрын

    No. You are the one who got it wrong. The pre-historic migration he described did not happened through thousands of years. It happened in a rather shorter time period.

  • @d4n3d

    @d4n3d

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@Earth098 I think it easy to underestimate the speed of a gradual process one experience. It took over a thousand years for the yamnaya expansion to dominate northern Europe. Groups were moving during all this time. Later the germanic tribes took several hundred years to expand westward against the borders of the Roman empire. Finally enough aggregated within the empire and brought it to a halt (not the only reason, but still). Similarly events with the Sea peoples brought an end to the golden era of the Bronze age in the eastern mediterranean. The trend for Europe has been change through a westward direction of migration. Groups pushing groups pushing groups and causing great changes in society over time.

  • @whatabouttheearth

    @whatabouttheearth

    4 жыл бұрын

    There is not going to be population replacement and there usually never has been in a way, usually populations merge or move.

  • @tatuloa
    @tatuloa Жыл бұрын

    You migrate to colonies, other people's country .... Thinking that colonial natives won't follow you to London , is not so observant...

  • @drunio1504
    @drunio15044 жыл бұрын

    Its no good or bad in this world but thinking makes it so. Wlm Shakepeare

  • @LS-ql4wp
    @LS-ql4wp3 жыл бұрын

    The guy is so fidgety

  • @patrickpawol8639
    @patrickpawol86395 жыл бұрын

    Noah lived 60,000 years ago and was East African. See Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey.

  • @noway2434

    @noway2434

    4 жыл бұрын

    When did Santa Claus live, the Easter Bunny too ?

  • @TiffWaffles

    @TiffWaffles

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@peterjungmann6057 I haven't read 1001 Nights, but I am fairly certain that Noah is actually mentioned in the religious texts. I am not sure about the Torah, but he's for sure in the Bible. Possibly the Islamic holy book as well if I remember correctly. Also, as somebody who is a scientist and has a very scientist brain... science doesn't exist to prove or disprove the existence of God... and I am saying this as somebody who is agnostic.

  • @SK8NIK1
    @SK8NIK14 жыл бұрын

    Such BS. How can you just look at the recent past in Europe and pretend to talk about the world? People lived worked - baking, aquaculture, etc. - for 120,000 years in southeast Australia. Land masses have changed shape in the intervening years. Not sure how a euro-centric perspective helps in discussions of world migrations.

  • @tomgoff7887

    @tomgoff7887

    4 жыл бұрын

    Did you even listen to what he said?

  • @alaindubois1505

    @alaindubois1505

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@tomgoff7887 , I'm a Euro Scot, now living in Australia. I listened to the lecture. I'm not au fait with all of the details, so I looked up - when the Beaker culture was. I empathise with Nicole, as I was thinking of much earlier times myself - like pre-glacial times. Yes, most people are obsessed with their own ancestors. It's just odd in Australia, when talk goes to what is only prehistory to Europe - but [written] history in other parts of the world. I suppose I'm after some earlier data. Were people 'wiped out' in Europe - at the Younger Dryas period - from catastrophe, and then repopulated from further east? It's the 'replacement' thing - that wasn't explained. Perhaps, this video was only about showing there was no 'racial' continuity in Europe, as there has been in most of the world - except maybe for Australia - even though we know tribes moved about quite a bit here.

  • @alaindubois1505

    @alaindubois1505

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@tomgoff7887, I couldn't reply after your last comment - so I do so here. I was writing at very late in the night - and am in a state over human rights - now made worse with some Australian state governments now abusing their power. I have nowhere really to express this as media is also under control. A friend in Brisbane says the media there also isn't precise about the law changes. The fine there is $1500 for being outdoors. It seems, he said to have returned to the police state Queensland had when I left over 30 years ago. No, I'm not obtuse about the topic and the underlying gist there - to combat perhaps the idea of 'racial purity' - though some seem to take it the other way. This is the way language and communication goes - few are precise about what their intention or topic really and it is a regular thing that the topic of even now TED TALKS is an attention grabber to get people in. As a child, our family English friends had Encyclopedia Brittannia, and I was engrossed with the British history given in extra volumes. We now know that language, for example had changed - not necessarily from being overwhelmed by conquering peoples [Angles, Saxons etc.] but just be influence via commerce or ideas - as well as the conquering rulers. I've seem a few TED TALKS, and some are not as good as the others. I enjoy getting someone writing to me - rather than just a 'like'. I like going off topic, but we have the choice of not responding to the many comments made. I have Indigenous Australians in my in-laws - one likes marrying Scottish guys. I spend time being the 'parent' of my nephew, who equally looks to the Scottish side and the Indigenous side of himself. [My brother has nothing much to do with his first wife and family.] My nephews wife was Nicole [of Indigenous ancestry too], and that may have been why I responded here originally. I an generally aware of how Europeans speak of their area -often not so interested in the rest of the world. It's much the same in most countries. I have no nationality really, [my mother spoke French - from Belgium] though I would vote for Scotland doing its own Brixit - just as the Northern Rivers and other neglected regions in NSW - should leave the tyranny of Sydney-centred NSW government, and form an autonomous territory. Anyway, I'm ill and all over the place, as there are no intelligent people to talk to in my area - and we are prevented to being with the few friends still living. I'm glad you responded. I do listen to others too. My Brisbane friend actually spends time in the Filipines - and learns Tagalog. I probably just got a bit tired of the British stuff, and wish for more information on what humanity there was on each side of the Younger Dryas period. There seems to be quite a limit to KZread videos that appear on the right of the page after searching. I have attention deficit - I'm interested or distracted by too much.

  • @joannechisholm4501
    @joannechisholm45014 жыл бұрын

    How can he have blue eyes and dark skin impossible

  • @tlove6665

    @tlove6665

    4 жыл бұрын

    No very possible.....Australia aboriginese

  • @noway2434

    @noway2434

    4 жыл бұрын

    All adaptations to climate conditions over time. DNA markers don't lie.

  • @pratiksingh1714

    @pratiksingh1714

    3 жыл бұрын

    May be bit more reading and research would be fun?

  • @rickyobein012340

    @rickyobein012340

    2 жыл бұрын

    You might want to check out the Africans with blue eyes

  • @joannechisholm4501

    @joannechisholm4501

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@rickyobein012340 The blue eyes in Africa is caused is by Waardenburg Syndrome

  • @batistab-ii5658
    @batistab-ii56583 жыл бұрын

    Too much politics

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