We are really excited to share with you what we’ve learned about the Violets. They are a large family with members that can grow in many diverse habitats, anywhere from woods to bogs and windswept prairies. One of our native plants, the violet can grow in disturbed soil and highly contaminated soils. They bloom all summer long with the familiar purple, yellow, white and variegated flowers, they also have a special ability that allows them to propagate by using non-opening, self-pollinating flowers at the soil line, this is called cleistogamy. The seeds that burst from the pod at ground level are dispersed by the ants. On the seed is a gel like substance called elaiosome, which attracts ants; the seeds are then carried to the ant hill and the gel is eaten by larvae. The seed is then taken to the ant’s dumpsite where it sprouts. Other plants with elaiosome on their seeds are bloodroot, trillium, Dutchman’s breeches, hepatica, bleeding-heart, trout lily and wild ginger. Violets have been used throughout history for medicinal uses, culinary dishes, and for a colorful garden addition. In the Victorian Era, flowers were used to express feelings and sentiments without words, if a violet was given to someone it meant loyalty, devotion, faithfulness and modesty. If the sentiments were not reciprocated, a yellow carnation, meaning disdain, was given with the left hand. Next time you see a violet, enjoy the light fragrance and look out for its friends the ants.
Joyce Browning Horticulturist, Master Gardener Coordinator
Video credit: Bethany Evans Longwood Gardens Professional Gardener Program Alumni; CPH
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