I like to imagine a habitat wide message broadcasting including messages such as "sunrise will be delayed by another hour as crews finish repairs on the sun's track." "Current exclusion zones includes Lake Nectar and the Pisces Mountains for strata erosion replenishment by dredging and core drop of strata." "Please use the designated zero gravity recreation areas, trans-wall habitat jumping is not only dangerous for you, but others as well." Plus the inevitable first metaphysical question from our uplifted cleaning crews: - "what is our purpose?" "You pick up the trash."

@shanerooney7288

5 жыл бұрын

"We would like to ask Miss Deborah Sanders to please stop sunbathing on her roof. The people on the other side of the cylinder are unhappy with the view."

@volatilesky

5 жыл бұрын

@@shanerooney7288 I can only imagine the neighborhood fits and feuds where people start to passive aggressively put crap on their roofs to troll people on the opposite side of the habitat.

@ronschlorff7089

5 жыл бұрын

Shane Rooney, those people "unhappy with the view" would be some old guys' wives :D

@nikoaz

3 жыл бұрын

Oh. My. God. Yeah join the club.

@bernardtaylor7768

2 жыл бұрын

Launching eggs into the sky to reach the opposite side of the habitat.

As someone who has lived on a college campus, "squirrels fighting over cigarette butts like lions over a kill" is actually a thing already. They get addicted to nicotine, too, you know. (Just three weird things moments: a squirrel attacking a lizard for getting too close to the "squirrel's" cigarette butt; a tree full of squirrels pelting a student to try to rob him of his cigarettes, and pelting another even though he didn't have any.)

@seen203

5 жыл бұрын

Geez. It's like they are prison inmates or something. Any of them get shanked for a pack?

@Tacticslion

5 жыл бұрын

Seen 20 Yes: the previously-mentioned lizard. If by “shanked” you mean, “bitten with squirrel teeth.” The lizard was cool about it, though. I mean, as cool as you can be about something like that. The squirrel was much less cool. As an aside, I’m reasonably sure at least some of the squirrel population were alcoholics (at least some the ones near the frat houses) and/or caffeine addicts, too, but I saw less actual proof. Those daggum cigarette butts, though. That said, I can’t say for sure why the second guy was pelted, only that the squirrels stopped pelting the first guy when he dropped his cigs, which they promptly stole. The second incident seems suspiciously similar to the first that they probably were related, but it’s unclear. But man - squirrel rifling through people’s stuff, fighting each other over the cig butts, and gnawing on the things were pretty common sights. Squirrels eating their way into buildings was a thing. Squirrels fighting birds over cigs. (I don’t thiiiiiink the birds cared - I thiiiiink they were there for the dropped fries or whatever - but the squirrels sure did!) We never had rat problems, though, despite several periodic campus-wide litter problems. Squirrels probably wouldn't let those jerks muscle in on their territory. (For the record, the litter problems - cigarettes aside - mostly happened where trash cans overflowed, or on adjoining semi-private properties, such as frat houses. We had rather conscientious students for the most part who helped clean, often.) EDIT: I'm guessing I typed something wrong, and autocorrect made the wrong guess!

@DreamskyDance

5 жыл бұрын

idk man, im just wondering how hasnt anybody made little leather jackets for those squirels.

@Tacticslion

5 жыл бұрын

@@DreamskyDanceThey're small and (both literally and figuratively) squirrely and the leather jackets would be *really* little ... and probably smell like cigarettes. Not worth it, so far.

@georgeholder5076

5 жыл бұрын

What about the birds that drop nuts at a NYC cross walk and wait for a red-light to pick um up ---

*when you engineer an organism that eats damaged hull plating, but it starts eating intact hull-plating too, so you scrap the whole habitat and move, then send it to your annoying neighbor's habitat.*

@jim6584

5 жыл бұрын

Don't we do that now with our trash and waste? Building all this tech and we still bring our everyday problems with us. I wonder if we'll ever evolve beyond this? Imagine a million habs out there all eventually going to war over resources.

@jgtheman84

5 жыл бұрын

@@jim6584 As long as there are people, there will be war.

@lamichael8659

5 жыл бұрын

i don't care about your type 1 civilization problems, ugh

@jgtheman84

5 жыл бұрын

@@lamichael8659 you don't have to care, but that doesn't change the fact.

@lamichael8659

5 жыл бұрын

@@jgtheman84 wait you know that was a joke about "you and your first world problems" right? Jesus i need to have better jokes

5:40 when you help with crowdfunding a ringworld and they shape a continent after your logo

@veejayroth

5 жыл бұрын

:D

@axelbostrom3606

5 жыл бұрын

Lmfao that's awesome

As to engineering complex ecologist in your space colony. Don't forget the lesson of Biosphere 2. Though other successfully operated closed cycle sealed ecologist with people in them for various amounts of time. The big biosphere 2 tried to mix in huge numbers of plants and animals to add a lot of diversity. This failed utterly, most of the life forms died out, and the sound up over run by cockroaches. ( they also needed to sneak it a lot of extra oxygen and CO2 scrubbers. ) As to teaching animals. One large scale accidental effort was in Bengal. A wildlife photographer in a tree photo in a Tiger and her two kitten in a field near a dirt road, was horrified to hear 3 little school girls coming up the road toward the Tigers. Then amazed to see mama tiger, freeze, then drop and hide in the crop. The two kittens taking the hint dropped with her and were silent until the school girls walked past and disappeared in the distance. Mama, followed by kittens, then ran in the opposite direction from the girls. It turns out, decades ago tiger were hunted there. Even though it's stopped decades ago. Generations of tigers have taught their young to be terrified of humans. Other areas that were too swampy or something for organized hunting, the Tigers never learned and actively hunt humans. But in the areas where they were hunted, the ledgend of the two legend tiger hunters lives on. ;)

@isaacarthurSFIA

5 жыл бұрын

To be honest I'm very leery of taking an examples from biosphere 2, too much of the data and design was tainted by it being more of ideological than scientific endeavor. That sort of thing, especially on a big project where everything is connected, is just going to seep into every bit of the results. To me it mostly confirmed that you can't go small scale with a natural ecosystem unless you're willing to tinker with it a lot, probably one of the reasons I emphasize going huge, or simply not aiming for a closed system.

@KellyStarks

5 жыл бұрын

Agree big time about biosphere 2. They were all about image, pr, and politics. Basic engineering of the system ( including the biologicals) was shoved aside. But tiny, even globe sized, closed cycle biospheres have worked for decades. Simplifying the biology involved Leeds to simpler, easier to deal with and balance, interactions. Ild expect O'Neils to be less bio logically diverse then a urban city space on earth, with ZOOS if included, sealed. ;) After all, most parks are less biologicly diverse then a dessert. But the folks walking around in them are fine with that. I don't know if you've ever looked up things like NASA sleds for chemical contaminants to look for and clean out in a spaceship, but the list rant several ( maybe over a doze) pages. We and our equipment release lots of stuff. So parks and Thisbe slops need a lot if pants that like scrubbing the air.

@isaacarthurSFIA

5 жыл бұрын

Agreed, PR is admittedly important for a project like that, and I don't want to be overly critical of them, but the facility, even when it got into other hands, seems haunted by a need to justify its existence, not good for data, and of course it's made it hard to get funding for any new projects of that type which we really do need. And you're right, you can do a simple closed system, minus energy obviously, but you have to go really simple on the organisms too, and that makes it trickier since inevitably you need humans in that system and as you note, us and our junk release a lot more than CO2.

@shanerooney7288

5 жыл бұрын

is *"Biosphere 2"* a real thing or a movie? because it sounds like a movie. something similar to "Bio-Dome" (1996).

@KellyStarks

5 жыл бұрын

Isaac Arthur I know we've tested room scale psydo space bases with humans, some tech, and mini farm with people. Don't know if they had a separate chemical vapor cleaner or just selected plants that would absorb them. Suppose you could do both in a O'Neil.

The response to the opening line can be only one: beware the ALIEN, the MUTANT, the HERETIC.

@Saurus990

5 жыл бұрын

*Burn* the heretic. *Kill* the mutant. *Purge* the unclean. FOR THE EMPRAH.

@dardo1201

5 жыл бұрын

The Emperor protects.

@shanerooney7288

5 жыл бұрын

maim. kill. burn. Maim. Kill. Burn. MAIM. KILL. BU..... oh, wait....

@DarylFroggy

5 жыл бұрын

Observe and avoid the Alien, Study and exploit the Mutant, Understand and remove the Heretic.

@DocWolph

5 жыл бұрын

And if we make them deliberately to serve us?

Oh my god!!! Talking about mountains and snow!!! I've always thought done days there will be ski resorts in the habitats, with lower gravity at the top and you would be able to do incredible jumps then as you go down it becomes harder and harder :)

@alaskamike5531

5 жыл бұрын

Wouldn't less gravity equate to less speed to make said jumps?

@miserychickadee

5 жыл бұрын

Michael Clark You could always bring extra ballast and ditch it on the way down.

@airwolfguy

5 жыл бұрын

I worked just short of two years running lifts in Tahoe. Suddenly, I don't care about colonizing the galaxy as long as I can be a park rat in a rotating space station!!! I think you could design cylinders just for this purpose (possibly with above Earth gravity in certain areas).

If you are looking for a very simple "sky" that still has very similar lighting characteristics to Earth's sky, I would recommend using a sharp bright light that runs the whole length of your cylinder. Then you surround that light (at whatever distance you want your "sky" to be at) with an extruded grid (think of the opaque plastic grids they put over fluorescent lights to cut down on glare in some office buildings), you then paint the grid whatever colour your "sky" will be using the mattist paint you can find. The result of this is, if you look straight "up" (towards the center of the habitat) you will be looking straight through one (or a few) of the holes of the grid and will see a small section of the central light shaft, this will look like a large "point" light source just like the real sun but if you look in any other direction at the "sky" your gaze will be blocked by the sides of slats in the grid and you will just see the colour of the "sky". Also no matter where you go in the habitat, you will get the same effect, creating a parallax illusion that "sun" is an 'infinite" distance away from you, like on Earth.

@mauricioabyara4171

5 жыл бұрын

Voce pode usar o futuro grafeno como paredes centrais de um cilindro afim de iluminar todo o cilindro como o céu da terra fica com o Sol, voce pode utilizar um reator de fusão nuclear ou mais de um para manter um cilindro de qualquer tamanho habitável e iluminado, um cargueiro com 2000 mil toneladas de deutério e hélio-3 minerado de algum gigante de gás, asteroide ou planetoide do Sistema Solar poderia abastecer um reator desses cilindros por 625 anos e a área habitável do cilindro podendo suportar até mais de 30 mil humanos, colocando que em uma tonelada de material de fusão em eficiencia seja possivel produzir 48,5 milhões de barris de petróleo em energia equivalente já colocando alguns % de perda por ineficiencia na melhor tecnologia possível do futuro usando os melhores materiais possíveis ou 286,1 trilhões de joules por KG de fusão. Com essa quantidade de material de fusão com uma queima de 3200 KG em fusão por ano seria possível manter 134,3 KM² de área habitável. Uma área habitável desse tamanho é bem grande, e poderia ter várias regiões: parques, área da cidade, manufatura etc com seu próprio clima gerado pela energia da fusão nuclear miniaturizada, assim também tornando a humanidade independente da energia solar.

@axelbostrom3606

5 жыл бұрын

That's a pretty cool idea, sounds solid enough too

@GuardsmanBass

5 жыл бұрын

Would that also work if you didn't have a central light source, but just a bunch of separate sunlights attached to the openings in the grid? And could you simulate the movement of the "sun" across the sky of the O'Neill Cylinder with it? This is a really cool idea - I was trying to think of how you could create the appearance of the sun in the sky of the habitat, but have it only look like there is one "sun" when you look up.

@zachcrawford5

5 жыл бұрын

@@GuardsmanBass You could put a light source at the "top" (closest end to the the axis of rotation of your habitat) of each grid hole. It would be more complicated and for my illusion to work, the further you can have the light source from the observer the better, but you would be gaining redundancy. If my central light fails, everyone is in the dark (or at the very least one whole ring of the grid would go dark) but if one of your lights go out, only one of your squares would go dark, that probably wouldn't even be visible at "ground" level let alone noticeable. Also you could dim sections of your grid to simulate the shadows of cloud cover (although you wouldn't see any clouds when you look "up"). If the the task of wiring up and alinning million to trillions of leds doesn't scare you off (advanced automation would be handy here) I think it could be worth it to do as you describe. With ethier setup you could simulate the the changing colours of sunrise, sunset and nightfall. But if you want to simulate a moving sun with either setup, the only way that I can think of would be to change the angle of the slats in the grid. On a grid made of rings the go around a central axis and lines the run parallel to the central axis this would be to put it mildly, very hard.

They need to get that dying under control so I can live to see this stuff

@freesaxon6835

5 жыл бұрын

So true 🤧

@ireneuszpyc6684

5 жыл бұрын

only geniuses (IQ=200) will be able to afford to fly there: it costs $5 million to launch the Electron rocket to the Earth's orbit

@liamtempleman8251

5 жыл бұрын

@@ireneuszpyc6684 I wouldn't nessarily say genius, more of ultra rich, and hopefully that will change with better infrastructure and technology

@ireneuszpyc6684

5 жыл бұрын

@@liamtempleman8251 I doubt that Kanye West & Kim Kardashian's children will be smart enough to manage it in space in the long run

@theapexsurvivor9538

5 жыл бұрын

@@ireneuszpyc6684 I'd be amazed if they were dumb enough to not hang it out in space, unless they die before the first habitat is even built.

i've been thinking of creating my own 3d O'Neill cylinder design incl landscape for some time now, This video pushed me over the edge, thanks for the wise words Arthur!

@antred11

5 жыл бұрын

Do it! And please show us your work when you're done! :D I loooove O'Neill cylinders. To me, they're the most interesting aspect of space colonization.

@carloguerrero6583

5 жыл бұрын

Don't mind me I just wanna see it when it's done :D

@geoffreyweights7697

5 жыл бұрын

Do a video on how you made it and showing us the finished product

@EcoAging

5 жыл бұрын

Yeah I wanna see it

@michaelwinter742

5 жыл бұрын

You mean two O’Neil cylinders? You wanna avoid that procession! ;-)

I love the intro music to the Upward Bound series.

@ramonpizarro

5 жыл бұрын

I get goosebumps listening to it, imagining our glorious future

Me: "Okay, I have seen the sun colonized, have seen rings around planets and starships driven by black holes. I have seen Civilizations at the end of time and Interstellar Empires that would make Star Wars blush. Pretty sure nothing on this channel can surprise me anymore." SFIA: "Pretzel shaped hollow toroid space habitat comparable to a dyson sphere in habitable area. Can be build from mundane materials. Let's call it Topopolis." Me: "What!"

@shanerooney7288

5 жыл бұрын

25:58 IA: "There is nothing more man made than us [humans]" me: I.... I need time to process this information.

@Alexander_Kale

5 жыл бұрын

Self made would be more accurate I think, at least as far as initial construction is concerned. But then again, that is still manmade. (o.O)

@shanerooney7288

5 жыл бұрын

It is only "self made" after the initial "self" was already created. Which was, of course, created by human parents. Even if we are talking about artificial inception, this still uses man-made machinery (and currently, operated by human doctors). So it needs to be either alien intervention or divine intervention. Otherwise humans are man-made. EDIT: Oh My God, I just realized what you meant by being self-made as still being man-made. I need to lay down again...

I don't know what it is, but the intro music you chose for this series gets me super pumped up, every time.

@liberteus

5 жыл бұрын

sergey cheremisinov forgotten Star Sirius.

@ramonpizarro

5 жыл бұрын

I love the intro music, I get goosebumps when I hear it

@CockatooDude

4 жыл бұрын

There are many chord progressions which are good at this. Chances are the composer knew about them and picked one which suited his needs for the music he wanted to make.

Drinks and munchies for me and the kiddo, check. Happy Arthursday everyone!

@10aDowningStreet

5 жыл бұрын

Extra large cup of tea ☕️ Milky Way chocolate bars 🍫🤩 Crackerbread with butter & jam 🍞 + new Issac upload👨🏻‍🚀🚀🛰 .. Life is good!💪🧠

@MrMusicalee

5 жыл бұрын

Milky way stars Chocolate, Galaxy hot chocolate, Universal studios soundtrack playing in the background, Matrix playing in silence on the TV. Isaac Arthur as the main attraction. Heaven needs to be proven but, it's safe to say i'm almost there.

@kingslushie1018

5 жыл бұрын

Awww, you watch this with your kid? That’s so sweet :). You must be an awesome parent :)

@SempSSY

5 жыл бұрын

@@kingslushie1018 Yeah he is 5. He loves it. He tries to come up with ideas on his own on how to do these things as well, but using a little kids terms, it is soooooo funny. I love it.

@kingslushie1018

5 жыл бұрын

Semp *tears of joy run down face* You Sir (or mam I don’t know your gender) have brightened up my day. The idea of you sitting down with your five year old son and spending time together watching an Arthur’s video while enjoying snacks together is a heart warming idea. I am proud that you allow your son to also try to come up with ideas as well, despite the advanced content of the video . Although, you may not have intended for it, you have brought joy to me. I hope you have a nice day!

A decayed dyson sphere would make a fun setting, because if even 1% of it is still fnctional and supporting life it still is way bigger than earth.

@isaacarthurSFIA

5 жыл бұрын

You'd probably love Alastair Reynolds' novel "Revenger" then, though its never explicitly stated to be in one, the clues kinda stand out to SFIA regulars

@stardolphin2

5 жыл бұрын

'Ringworld' A collapsed civilization, and still plenty big enough...

@ramonpizarro

5 жыл бұрын

@@isaacarthurSFIA You beat me to it, Isaac, I loved that novel

@isaacarthurSFIA

5 жыл бұрын

Sequel coming out this spring I gather, "Shadow Captains"

@shanerooney7288

5 жыл бұрын

I prefer the idea of the decaying *oort cloud* Trillions upon Trillions upon Trillions of self contained habitats. Each with their own ecosystem, their own culture, their own politics. Your habitat is just one of many. Everything else around you is either: 1) an friendly willing to trade 2) an enemy looking to forcefully take resources. 3) a dead hulk, with recources there for the taking. 4) a silent hulk, if you mistake it for a dead hulk and try to take resources they will get angry. 5) Something on a collision course with you. Which may or may not be inhabited. Imagine if you look out your space station and see one station attacking another. The aggressor is a rouge that is a danger to you, right?? a) did you see the first shots fired or the retaliation? b) did you see a mechanical malfunction? c) if they are aggressive, are they doing it out of desperation to survive? d) do you get anything for helping? what is the risk vs reward? e) Depending on the orbits, you may never see that ship again in your lifetime. Is it of any concern to you at all? And with some stations attacking others, alliances will form for the sake of personal protection. We could see entire empires rising and falling. Invading other empires. Endless political intrigue between countless ships, all isolated and yet close enough to have an impact (pun intended). And then there are specialized stations. Some that mine the sun for raw resources. Others that conduct radical experimentation in particle physics. Some that build or repair other stations. Some that are specialized at recycling dead (and not so dead) stations. Pirate stations and defensive weapon platforms. Trade stations that get thrust mass from the sun-farms and get exotic animals/people/food/tech from other stations. Spy stations that collect data on all other stations and sell to whoever is interested. Giant solar power plants that block out light from further out stations, causing war. Storms of space debris that orbit after a space battle or accident. Plague stations that kill all those around them. Ghost stations that come back from highly elliptical orbits. Mutant's stations that are far less human than anything else around them. Trillions upon Trillions upon Trillions of self contained habitats. Each one a new variable to consider.

Never boring. I think this is one of those channels that most people would like if they were willing to give the subject matter a chance.

Isaac, buddy, gotta say you nailed this intro with the music. I love it every time I hear it. Upward Bound is my favorite series you do right along side of Megastructures.

@rtqii

Жыл бұрын

Gives me goosebumps every time.

I get goosebumps every time I see the intro to the upward bound series. The first part anyway, the RS-25s starting up and gimballing, and the SRBs thundering to life to loft the shuttle into the air. As awesome as watching all of the F9 launchs today is, there was something magic about the shuttle that no other launch vehicle today has.

Imagine life evolving far more resistant to a high radiation vacuum, having to accidentally be exposed to bare space more frequently. You then have animals evolving to the point of some day thriving in the vacuum of space and then not even being able to come back, like life coming out of the oceans millions of years ago.

@shanerooney7288

5 жыл бұрын

yeah, but nah. The problem with high radiation is the higher rates of mutations. It is _already possible_ to combat higher rates of mutations. That is how large animals like elephants and whales are less likely to develop cancer despite having literally trillions of cells. Elephants die of cancer only 5% of the time while humans die of cancer 25% of the time. Specifically, the p53 gene. It either _is_ or is _related to_ something called the "zombie gene". But you can look into that for yourself. This gene detects mutations and kills of the damaged cells. The more copies of this gene you have, the more sensitive to damage / mutation the animal is. The problem is that if the settings are too high, everything gets killed off. The more energy you spend on cells that get killed off the less energy you spend on things like staying alive and breeding. so being "far more resistant to a high radiation vacuum" means being less prone to cancer, but also less efficient in your ability to reproduce or live long lives. also, naked mole rats, microbats, and grey squirrels are known to have similar adaptations.

@thumper8684

5 жыл бұрын

@@shanerooney7288 It is difficult to compare human causes of death with those of other animals. The number of cancer related deaths can be increased by avoiding non-cancer related deaths. I hope you are on top of the figures, and you have an answer to this.

@shanerooney7288

5 жыл бұрын

Not dying from starvation does improve your odds of dying from cancer. I understand that point. However the point still stands that some animals, such as the grey squirrel or naked mole rats, suffer less cancer than similar sized animals. An elephant with several trillion cells has several trillion chances to develop cancer each time those cells split. And since the elephant lives a long time, their cells get plenty of chances to split during their lifetime. And yet, low cancer rates. As stated in my other comment, they have even isolated at least one gene that is responsible for this. *the p53 gene*

Thanks for introducing me to Sergei Cherminov! I’m pretty sure I have all his songs on Spotify now.

I'm reminded a bit of the BSL Station from Metroid Fusion, which was a research station that contained six rotating drum habitats, each with a unique environment. In practice they were just sets of rooms accessed by a central hub, but it would have been interesting to see what they could've done with the concept had they run with structuring areas like O'Neil Cylinders.

If Earth is in space, arent we already in an Environment in Space?

@isaacarthurSFIA

5 жыл бұрын

Fair point :)

@cyanidejunkie

5 жыл бұрын

The wonders of a gravitational field! Embrace it.

@marioscuderi7359

5 жыл бұрын

*plays earrape vsauce music*

@madscientistshusta

5 жыл бұрын

*Inception horn sounds off*

@DavidsaurusRex

5 жыл бұрын

Cheeky bugger. :P

With an artificial sky, I can imagine some of them getting painted with surreal/impossible skyscapes, instead of a normal looking sky.

Can you imagine how lucrative the trade for habitat exclusive animals and plants that'll absolutely eventually evolve?

@shanerooney7288

5 жыл бұрын

Can we breed super predators? regularly dump humans into a habitat and have that as the only food source for carnivorous. Eventually only the animals best capable of killing humans will survive. Then, send in willing humans for "sport". This will up the difficulty for the animals once again and they need to further adapt to fighting humans. Then send in the military for training. Then just sell the end result to the military for a profit.

@ThatCamel104

5 жыл бұрын

@@shanerooney7288 Why would anyone want super predators? The goal of war isn't strictly to kill the enemy, y'know.

@shanerooney7288

5 жыл бұрын

I apologize for my ipse dixit fallacy. As a former soldier I do know at least a little about what I'm talking about. When you are in the military you tend to be in contact with a lot of people whose job it is to know what they are talking about. Such people tend to go around dispelling myths both for their own ego boost, to teach the recruits that they don't know everything, and just for conversation. Anyway....... you are right. Mostly. It isn't _always_ about killing everyone. Not always, but sometime. Some times you want to drop a precision guided bomb through the window of the 3rd floor of a specific building. Other times you just drop a nuke and flatten an entire city. Why don't we go around dropping nukes? Because of the fallout. Both the chemical fallout that will eventually kill us as well, but also the political fallout of opposing countries getting upset with us. But if no one is left alive then no one can get pissed off. Of course we have to consider other space habitats (and perhaps Earth itself) and how they will react. In the deep isolation of space there could be no one around to see you commit genocide. Alternatively, in an Oort Cloud there could be too many other habitats to worry about a few habitats going dark for unknown reasons. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The above was where I interpreted your message of "to kill the enemy" as "kill _everyone"._ However, these super predators could also just be viewed as super _soldiers._ Able to be trained and conduct limited missions. EVERY army wants super soldiers. Surely you're not going to disagree with that.

@connordorsey9959

3 жыл бұрын

@@shanerooney7288 So Ur Feeding Humans to Space Tigers

@shanerooney7288

3 жыл бұрын

@@connordorsey9959 Space Polar Bears. Or Space Wombats. Whichever is cheaper.

Cities in space!

If I recall correctly, there was snow in Gundam Wing's colonies I believe. That said it might have been stylistic for the scene rather than scientifically accurate.

I always think about the weather inside of these habitats any time they're mentioned. In Orange County, CA, there is a former Air Force Base, El Toro. The only thing left standing on the base are two absolutely massive hangars. From what I've been told, under the right conditions, clouds can actually form *inside* of the hangars, condense, and then fall as rain.

@Roonasaur

5 жыл бұрын

This also happens inside NASA's Vehicle Assembly Building.

@prakadox

5 жыл бұрын

Sci fi writers thought that Hitler's big planned dome (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkshalle) also would exhibit that.

@LaundryFaerie

5 жыл бұрын

I've heard that's also true of some of the massive hangars at Boeing.

@ronschlorff7089

5 жыл бұрын

sort like in the big ship in the movie "Alien". Poor guy, enjoyed the rain, then got whacked!!

@HuntingTarg

5 жыл бұрын

THAT is a phenomenon that should be studied - all the scientists and meteorologists wondering at the sky when we accidentally made cloud formation laboratories.

I am blown away by the video quality (the editing especially is top notch, and I'm only 5 minutes in) I've been a sub for about a year and a half and I have you say I love where this channel is going. Great stuff!

@garnetski

5 жыл бұрын

and of course, great content as always.

@thumper8684

5 жыл бұрын

You are more than just content... :-)

I'd just like to take this opportunity to thank you, Isaac Arthur, for renewing my hope and faith in the future of our kind with episodes like this. The short- to mid-term future looks little dimmer oftentimes, so looking at the awesome possibilities of the longer-term development is so refreshing. Thank you, man. Greetings from Czechia.

That low gee zone at the hub is better used for storage and industry and heavy stuff than for clouds. You want to use the one gee level for people. You don't want anything much below that because everything is heavier down there and requires more structure. A low gee attic is just right. It's also an obvious good place for docks / hangars / cargo handling etc.

@davidamoritz

5 жыл бұрын

I wish my attic was low G every Christmas when it's time to get the decorations down. 😁

@flipvdfluitketel867

5 жыл бұрын

The zero G portion is to do adult stuff

@davidamoritz

5 жыл бұрын

@@flipvdfluitketel867 Dude while it may be fun for about 2 minutes but imagine you have nothing to hold you together, sex in zero g would NOT be fun.

@flipvdfluitketel867

5 жыл бұрын

@@davidamoritz those two minutes is all I need

@davidamoritz

5 жыл бұрын

@@flipvdfluitketel867 You really sure you want to put that out there my friend? 😂😂😂😂 2 minutes OK!

The production quality of these videos keeps getting better and better along with the graphics and artwork! Great job to Isaac and the team!

Perfect timing! Just got off work & now time to relax with one of my favorite programs 👽

10/10 I need a carboniforous habitat where I ride my millipeade into work.

@Roxor128

5 жыл бұрын

I don't think they were quite that big. I got the impression they were something like 10cm wide and 2m long. Kind of like the larger snakes around today.

@johnwang9914

5 жыл бұрын

The original O'Neill Cylinder plans from the 70's employed oxygen levels of 50% so that the air pressure could be lower to have the same vapour pressures and therefore reduce the structural strength required by the pressure vessel. That would be ideal for large insects but would also mean wild fires would be very dangerous.

The idea of organisms helping maintain their environment is nothing new. To pick an extreme yet obscure example: Some trees release particles to encourage raindrops to condense over them, which helps keep rainforests rainy. (Also, I'd argue that a habitat the size of a large island or decent-sized archipelago should be able to maintain a decently stable ecosystem. Earth's islands aren't totally isolated from the mainland, but they aren't _dependent_ on them.)

@shanerooney7288

5 жыл бұрын

Yeah, I saw that video too... kzread.info/dash/bejne/iHup1KSTYMWcnqw.html it came out only 2 days before this one.

@Roxor128

5 жыл бұрын

I've heard of mushrooms causing rain by their spores providing nucleation sites for raindrops. Haven't heard of trees doing it before, though.

@erichartin562

5 жыл бұрын

A ja K ja

@thumper8684

5 жыл бұрын

I thought the Galapagos Islands were the classical case of an isolated ecology.

Anxiously awaiting the long format with Event Horizon! Excelent episode as usual. Thank you to S.F.I.A. !

28:13 What about tech-savants? Why not encode into dunno... squirrels the ability to instinctually fix complex electronic grids.

@glitchtastic759

5 жыл бұрын

We might be able to code instincts into animals but we may need to raise a original generation in order for them to fuction properly. Which im sure could be a fun profession even if we had to use remote controll squirrels at first.

@jakubiszon6495

5 жыл бұрын

I'd imagine ants to be way more suitable for the job.

@mellored

5 жыл бұрын

Or birds. They already build nests. So moving around wires shouldn't be too much more difficult.

@calamusgladiofortior2814

5 жыл бұрын

Squirrels hibernate for several months a year. So, yeah, they’d be about as quick to respond to service calls as my company’s IT department... ;)

@MrJashuaDavies

5 жыл бұрын

why not encode into complex electronic grids the ability to be squirrels?

Another thought provoking episode, thank you to all who worked on it. Arthursday is always the best day :)

If you got an inner cylinder with a fake sky painted on it, why not put another faster spinning cylinder inside that to achieve normal gravity inside that one as well? Imagine an other cylinder that is a sort of nature preserve and an inner one that is a city for example?

@isaacarthurSFIA

5 жыл бұрын

You could nest a few that way, sure.

@N.M.E.

5 жыл бұрын

The thing is only, that you are limited with the size of these things because you can only spin them so fast (depending on their purpose)..... But i could imagine that, being a good idea in general because you can cut down on e.g. radiation shielding and maybe the airtightness of the inner cylinders and thus possibly multiplying the hospitable area while not multiplying the cost on material, production and maintenance!

@machtundehrexiv2600

5 жыл бұрын

Great Idea

@useodyseeorbitchute9450

5 жыл бұрын

​@@N.M.E. Not so much saving - if you don't make those inside cylinder air tight - they rotate in air and cause friction which wastes your energy. The place where I see saving is using external level of cylinder for some automated food and oxygen production. No one cares if your vegetables got slightly higher gravity, unacceptable for humans radiation dose and served as air tight crash zone in case of micro meteorites.

@N.M.E.

5 жыл бұрын

@@useodyseeorbitchute9450 Yeah you're right but i'd still argue that i think it would be worth it spending the extra Energy to spin those things against the air drag anyway because... Well, we'd normally put those things in a large asteroid worth of shielding and protection... Also, if your outermost Cylinder would be large enough, it could even house another one encountering considerably less air pressure and thus drag if its outer shell is placed very high, perferably slightly over the atmosphere of the outermost shell... In this case you would possibly "waste" a lot oft space because you have so much room between the layers but if you were to build such a large cylinder and not do it you'd waste all oft the space! Also, maybe it would be perferably for the inhabitants of the outer shell to have the next layer pretty far away anyway as i could imagine... And i'd still prefer my veggies unirradiated inside of the cylinder and the cheap shielding being hit by space junk instead of any infrastructure if i have shielding already... If not, your idea would be the way to go i also think. Greetings from Germany ;D

Ad with "what a wonderful world" playing and cought my attention

One of the observations from Biosphere 2 was large diurnal variations in oxygen and CO2 content as unlike the atmosphere of Earth, the low volume of atmosphere not only did not buffer the diurnal variations but did not extend to areas with different day night schedules. I can see space habitats having bioreactors of algae operating on different day night schedules for the habitat, mechanical concentration of excess oxygen and CO2 for storage and release and atmosphere continuity with habitats with different day night schedules simply to emulate the larger volume of Earth's atmosphere.

Idea of rotating space preserve would be incredible as well as a place for field trips so students can view all the various species.

I always found this particular topic of space colonization so fascinating. Thanks for covering it!

I've been speculating that it might be possible to build a passive pumping system, that resembles the old ammonia-cycle refrigerators in basic concept, that pumps air based on insolation and absorption by carrier gasses. Add to that an air gutter. A second wall out from the first, and out of sight from the ground, that is kept evacuated. any air that spills into it is to be pumped back into the main volume. Such could make a Banks Orbital or Ringworld function longer without as much need for active power, or active air replenishment. As it is, I can easily see some small, percentage-wise rather than in absolute terms, constant air losses from the wispiest, highest altitude air. Like frozen nitrogen spilling over the side of the can. Edit. Also, the mountains of the airwall should be shaped to minimize high-altitude winds, so as to minimize air losses. If you have a sunline running down the center, wouldn't it make sense to add white louvers to it, so that only the part of the sunline that was almost directly overhead was visibly bright, and providing light to the ground? If the heights of the louvers, and widths between them, were chosen carefully, the "sun" would look almost round, in the way that a round object viewed through the side of a Fresnel lens, (that is, not centered on the Fresnel lens,) looks almost round. Such could be layered behind a display, similar to the one used in the stadium at the most recent London Olympic games, (a few LED lights, on a pole, above each seat, doing automatically what many past and current crowds do with colored panels held over their head.) The "Sun" would wash out whatever it was shining through, but you could still operate with only the one sun structure for light, and also still have your "painted" sky. What's more, you could alter the angle of the individual louvers, like a familiar blind, to angle the light so that the visible "sun" was coming more from one end or the other of the habitat. The ends, themselves, would get a little shortchanged, though.. Of course, that same structure, as you point out, would need to be pretty resistant to humidity, and easy to hose off to get rid of accumulated dust, as it would likely become a condenser plate for whenever rain fell. Keeping the moss from growing on the L.E.D.s might be a real challenge. Keeping photosynthetic anything from wrapping around one of the light generating, or light passing, elements of your sky would be a major chore...which it looks like you're going to sic some animal on. (The problem there being, the animals will achieve some equilibrium that doesn't include getting all the scum off the light bulbs but rather keeping it pruned back, with enough left to graze over a longer period of time.) You mention having two, counter-rotating habitats as a way of not wasting light, but wouldn't you want a clear simultaneous day and a night anyway? Doing so would let you have the day-side photosynthesis bolster the air quality of the night-side. I think you'll find that complex life already has something of a checksum. Someone captured some wild fruitflies, and found that they were nearly infertile with the lab-maintained fruitfly lines. It seems the mutation of the wild bunch had resulted in the whole wild version of the species being almost a completely different species from the lab-maintained lines. The wild lines had apparently picked up a fairly large chunk of their genes via lateral gene transfer. I guess you need a stronger checksum, although it might be strong enough already in mammals and avians.

@johnwang9914

5 жыл бұрын

Given that Earth's atmosphere is now believed to exceed the orbit of the Moon, the larger habitats that only use 60 mile high vertical walls to retain their atmosphere by centrifugal force alone would of course have some loss of atmosphere. However, you may be able to reduce this with resonant ultrasound waves creating a pressure barrier by sound waves. There would probably still be some loss but keep in mind that the space habitats could always bring in more material from asteroids and comets to regenerate the atmosphere. A magnetically constrained plasma field could also serve as a gas seal so long as you can dispose of the heat from the environment.

Halo CE has a snow environment, around the control center of Halo itself. It's quite spectacular indeed, and holds up well to this date.

Wow, how considerate is Isaac Arthur. He realeases one video, specially one of my favourite series, for my birthday. Thanks. BTW, as of this time 511-0 in likes-dislikes.

Great work, Issac! Always look forward to a bright and thoughtful Thursday.

This video expanded my understanding of the cosmos. I'm trying to work on these spreadsheets but you're blowing my mind. A little spring in your step? What a cool concept.

I can already imagine the octopuses of our oceanic space habitats squeezing their way into maintenance areas to take loose scrap metal to turn in for a more abundant source of food, or at least an easier to get source of food. That, and raccoons are already pretty good at finding their way into buildings, now we're giving them even more incentive. Also, I think I'd like to visit a low gravity zoo some day. Maybe see the zero-G giraffes. Humanities future is certainly going to be strange.

Love you Isaac!!

Congrats on 300,000 subs Issac! Will be over a million by next year.

Love this stuff and I'm here for it. Just recently discovered this channel. Glad it exists. Keep up the amazing work.

I'm kinda wondering why it would rain in a rotating habitat. Wouldn't the water vapour just rise till it's in the zero gravity axis and just condense there so you'd end up with a floating lake?

300 likes. 0 dislikes. See this is the community i want to be apart of,it speaks miles about your subs that there isnt even 1 small minded childish jerk who just had to push the dislike button just because,nope were all adults here, and i love it! Excellent video of course!

I've considered the idea of a winter wonderland habitat, probably for winter sports. My character Anzu James visits her family's vacation home in one with her girlfriend. I'd love to see a painting or CGI of one. I hadn't really considered the truncated cone, with lakes bunched up around one endcap and the other fairly arid. I like it, though; the difference in gravity could be as little as 1% and you'd still get the desired effect. I like the idea of putting towns and villages on hills. This protects from flooding and offers a nice view, but it also means the hill can be hollow and this is where you would put all the things that are normally buried under a town, like electrical lines, plumbing, sewage, even emergency transport and jails. Could that mobile sun be an airship instead of a trolley?

@takesthreetospillthetea5151

Жыл бұрын

The very center of an O'Neil cylinder would be 0G. So it would be possible and energy efficient as it wouldn't need to spend energy maintaining lift, just using some correction thrusters, or some propellers since the habitat is pressurized

Been waiting for you to explore this topic in detail for quite a while now. Glad to finally see it here.

I love the violin piece at the start. Its so... energizing!

5:18 I hope no one got the impression that dino was from the coniferous. I remember watching a documentary series when I was a kid that had similar visuals to this show. The narration was great but the clips they played to it where reused over and over again and often directly contradicted what the narrator was saying. There was an episode about space warfare and the narrator was talking about how lasers are invisible while a blaster light show was happening with an imaginary war between earth and the moon. It's funny how a full-fledged documentary series seemingly had the same visual budget as a small team of KZreadrs :P I love this show a lot don't get me wrong but I don't think most of the clips that get shown add much to the video. I'd prefer a blank screen with relevant concept art or clips here or there if it means you have more time to do research and audio. Of course, if you enjoy editing the clips keep at it! But if not I wouldn't mind just having some sort of screen saver playing most of the time.

This is surely my number one favourite channel.

Thank you Isaac. I am so glad when your clips show up.

Thanks Isaac, you did it again. Your vids are an invitation to dream on and looking forward to see future.

A truly fantastic episode! Thank you.

Congratulations on hitting 300k people that felt the need to like and subscribe! ;)

My grandmother worked at KSC in the 60's and 70's. She told me about it raining in the Vehicle Assembly Building. Indoor weather is a real problem when putting rockets together. They had a team just to predict and control the weather inside the assembly bay.

Your videos always go beyond the upward bound of my week :)

Just got back from the gym. Now its time for the mind to exercise.

You guys are why I cant wait for my Thursday morning. This might be the one and only channel I join on patreon.

I can imagine that if the cylinder was to get a puncture it could act as a thruster and actually slow down or speed up the rotation. great vid Issac. keep up the amazing work.

Absolutely would love to see guests on your show. Likely get introduced to all kinds of super interesting people we've never heard of.

Yes! Another IA vid. Love your work and glad your channel keeps growing!

How the flip your not on our TV and on Netflix with your own shows in a big mystery to me! Your voice is hypnotic. Your writing and voice-over skills are on par with anyone out there on KZread or on Netflix or Amazon. You need your own show. We need to start a petition to get this man where he belongs

I've been waiting for this one since the beginning Isaac, you remembered......thank you

Amazing episode, i mean there always great but this was special. Btw about the redwood, does this mean they got sone rootsystem going on up in the crowns?

Happy Arthursday Everyone!

The sun trolley makes me think of the old legends about a god pulling the sun on a chariot

So basically, if you would run real fast in the opposite way of the rotation and jump in the air, you could float or fly? Until you touch the ground an start rotating again? That sounds fun!

@S_Roach

5 жыл бұрын

Yes, but you'd have to run REALLY fast. To put in perspective, if you can run really fast, here on earth, you'll step off the earth for a moment. Then air resistance will slow you down enough that gravity takes over again. About 28455 kilometers per hour. Less, if you're running East. More if you're running West. (Surface speed, at the equator, is about 40,000k/23.934472h....1674.36 kph, so you'd only need to run 26781 kph. I'm sure you could at least sprint that fast... A habitat that was a kilometer around would have a radius of 318.3 meters, and if the gravity at the floor was 1G, you'd have to manage to travel at 201 KPH, or about 125 miles per hour. (Numbers from www.artificial-gravity.com/sw/SpinCalc/) It'd be easier, and probably just as much fun, to run around a track that was set 2/3rds the distance from the "ground" to the "center", where the gravity would only be about 3.27 M/SS, or about Martian gravity, or strap on some arm-wings and go flying down the center of the habitat. Just...don't pull an Icarus and fall into the sea.

@shanerooney7288

5 жыл бұрын

If we run really fast, would just be running into the ground? as in, centrifugal force would keep us down .

@paulwalsh2344

5 жыл бұрын

Yeah, about 8 mins in I started sceptically wondering about the "gravity" within the cross section of the cylinder. Basically, there wouldn't be any except where in contact with the interior "ground" surface due to the centrifugal force. Everywhere else that's not in contact with the cylinder wall would essentially be a zero g or nano g environment it seems to me.

@S_Roach

5 жыл бұрын

Well...the ground is still going to come up to meet you after you jump. You would still have a lateral velocity, and that wouldn't go away just because you jumped "up" toward the hub. Just as you can "pull G's" in a car on a tight embankment, or in an airplane. It would be the upward curve that would cause the sensation of gravity, not contact with the shell wall. But, if you can bring yourself to a stop, relative to an outside reference point, yes, you'd cease to have spin gravity. ...until you tripped, because every step is pushing forward and "up", and "up" is now causing you to jump a little bit, and you lose your balance, and tumble against the wall of the drum at whatever speed it was spinning at, and you were running counter to. Also, the air will have found an equilibrium with the spinning hab, so "still" air will be moving at whatever the rotational velocity is, at that elevation.

@paulwalsh2344

5 жыл бұрын

@ S.P. Roach Hmmm... I'm having a difficult time reconciling ballistic trajectory in zero g or at least nano g, with conservation of angular momentum. When you jump 6 inches into the air perpendicular to the "floor/ground" in an ONeill cylinder you would have a lateral momentum relative to the rotating "floor/ground" of the cylinder which I am having a difficult time understanding how you would be pulled back to that ground wall. What force would cause this, other than an infinitesimal "real" gravitational attraction from the mass of the ground wall. Remember your motion was perpendicular to the rotation of the curvature of the ground wall. In order for the ground to rise up to meet you there would have to be an additional lateral motion of the cylinder perpendicular to the spin axis as well, perhaps from the orbit of the habitat around the Sun, but again your momentum would be relative to that motion too. Let's do a thought experiment. Say we took a trip on the Zero Gravity Corp. G-Force One. It's gravity free environment is not due to actual negation of gravity, but due to it's parabolic flight path relative to the surface of the Earth, causing free fall conditions within the aircraft. When it starts it's descent trajectory you don't stay fixed in space and the ceiling or the tail bulkhead doesn't rush toward you, you are falling at the same rate as the aircraft and the slightest impulse sends you drifting away from the floor. The aircraft didn't stop it's forward motion so you are moving relative to the aircraft floor. What you assert in your comment is that, no, the tail bulkhead will rise to meet you, but it won't. The floor WILL rise to meet you when the parabola reaches it's lowest point and the aircraft pulls up again, but that is due to the change in flight path of the aircraft. Now what I am arguing is imagine if we are holding onto a line strung from the nose to the tail axis of the aircraft when experiencing the free fall part of the parabola, when we let go of the line we will be floating in free fall relative to the aircraft. Imagine another occupant still holding a line strung along the wall of the aircraft parallel to the centre line. We would both be stationary relative to each other. Now, while still in the parabolic trajectory, imagine the pilot does a crazy barrel roll, then our position will not remain stationary relative to each other. I will remain stationary relative to the surface of the Earth and he will be pulled along with the cylinder-like wall of the aircraft and we will likely collide violently with each other before the aircraft collides violently with the Earth.

That idea to train critters to clean up and get rewarded for it is actually a brilliant idea, and as far as I can tell we have everything we need to get that started, whomever starts this could make big business, maybe even some serious recognition

Awesome content as always Isaac! Keep it coming!

Simplicity is not so simple, any ecosystem is amazingly complex. With these future mega-projects, we can expect some catastrophic failures however this is our history and some shall survive.

Can't wait to watch this when I get home

I really liked the intro, "but what if we create alien Eco systems by doing just that", I thought the episode would be about alien organisms or 'out of control' mutations of earth based organisms, in our rotating space habitats. I for one would be very interested in an episode of that nature, since presumably much of the material used for making large rotating space habitats will be sourced extra terrestrially, the soil would need to be 'seeded' by micro organisms, like the ones that make the soil on earth biologically active. Or large quantities of earth soil would have to be launched into orbit to lay as top soil in the habitats, or a combination of the two. This can lead to many interesting scenarios. Another good episode, thanks for keeping up the good work!

Beautiful beautiful episode. This episode might as well be called as "ode to life". It really is one. Tech and biology will converge someday.

Kalpana One!

Happy Arthursday!

Ever since the rotating habitat topic was raised I was wondering how a climate would develop, life etc... So glad you finally address this! Love the Arthursday! And we get twice of you thanks to John Michael Godier!

huh, i've watched nearly all of your videos and this is the first mention of Cheddar i can recall.

I love whatching these, and there's something tranquil in your voice and gently thought provoking,I use sound cloud versions that I've already seen as a sort of sleep meditation (I'm trying to phrase this to not give the impression that you're boring, but optimistic futurology is pleasant to fall asleap to.

25:20 ... FALLOUT: Vault-Tec's Space habitat edition ... you play as the lone squirrel wanderer and you have to fight off raider hawks to protect your BOTTLECAPS ... seems legit ... i'd play that :D Nice analogy, Issac.

@earnestbrown6524

5 жыл бұрын

I want this game now.

I, for one, welcome our radiation and vacuum tolerating, Isaac-exciting tardigrade overlords.

Excellent as always Isaac ☺️👍🏾

Isaac your channel is the best. Keep up the good work👍

Great show. I love Kalpana! Only with some more meadows, please.

Amazing!

Love your videos!

Another fantastic work; bravo

a particularly good episode Isaac. Thanks.

The topography of the inner surface of the cylinder would have to be symmetric about the axis to avoid imbalance. That is buildings and structures would have to be placed just so to avoid throwing it out of wack.

@S_Roach

5 жыл бұрын

Yes, and no. It would have to be balanced, yes, but that doesn't mean everything has to be a repeating pattern. A sports stadium might be counterbalanced by a lake, or possibly an arcade at 150 degrees, and a skate park, (with lots of integral concrete) at 190 degrees. What's more, the hab could easily incorporate water tanks for ballast, and pump it around to maintain equilibrium. You would only need three distinct volumes. But, yes, building code review would focus as much, or more, on whether or not the building could be balanced in a location as whether or not its use fit into the local need there. I could even see "land prices" varying based on balance, to encourage more construction where it would balance earlier construction. If you needed to build in That One Spot, you could find yourself paying your cross-station neighbors to brick their home, and also providing the brick. And if they wouldn't do it, paying their neighbors, on both sides, to do it, using more bricks overall but less than the one would have used, per structure.

I think the biggest idea that has not been explored is when it comes to space station ecosystems, the goal is not to imitate what appears on a planet, it is to make something wholly new. An ecology that is unmistakably artificial and controlled, a space station ecology.

Isaac you are a legend and by far my favourite you tuber. Thank you for the soul soup.

"an enclosed manmade structure would develop weather systems" Happens already, thre are several large atriums that have been created which have regular precipitation. I've also worked in large industrial plants with their own airflow patterns created by heat, and waterflow caused by condensation upon cool systems.

Congrats on 300K subs Issac.