Unlocking the secrets of Magic Square puzzles

Ғылым және технология

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Magic Square puzzles are some of my favourite recreational math puzzles. Fill up a 3x3 square with the numbers 1 through 9 each used once so every row, column, and main diagonals add up to the same number. More generally, it can be a nxn square with numbers 1 through n^2, and there are actually tonnes of variants of these. In this video we will prove that there is precisely 1 possible 3x3 magic square (up to reflections and rotations). We'll do this by computing the Magic Number, aka the fixed sum each row must add up to, then figuring out the center must always sum to 5, and finally show how we get a single possible square. What's a bit crazy is that 4x4 has 880 possibilities, 5x5 has over 275 million possibilities, and for 6x6 it is so large we've never computed the exact number!
0:00 What is a Magic Puzzle?
0:45 Try these Magic Puzzles!
1:29 Ad hoc solving
2:27 Our 3x3 theorem
3:04 Gauss' counting trick
4:14 Sum formula
5:55 Central Square
7:09 Proving the theorem
9:25 Bigger magic squares
10:19 Brilliant.org/TreforBazett
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Пікірлер: 56

  • @DrTrefor
    @DrTrefor Жыл бұрын

    How you all enjoyed! Don't forget you can check out Brilliant for free for 30 days at brilliant.org/TreforBazett or get 20% off an annual premium subscription:)

  • @frombook198

    @frombook198

    10 ай бұрын

    Watch my videos about real magic squares.

  • @jessstuart7495
    @jessstuart7495 Жыл бұрын

    Constraint Programming is one of those topics I wish was higher in my learning priority queue.

  • @allenanderson2457
    @allenanderson2457 Жыл бұрын

    Algorithm for solving any magic square with an odd number of squares on each side. 1. Place the numbers from 1 to n^2 in order. 2. Place 1 in the top middle square. 3. If the square up one and one to the right is open, next number goes there. 4. If the square up one and one to the right is outside of the magic square, then wrap around to the opposite side. 5. If no square is available, next number is placed one square down.

  • @jeanadams1667
    @jeanadams1667 Жыл бұрын

    Got the first one quite easily, exactly the way he did after I hit play again. Need to take longer with the second one. I am 81 and have lost the ability to keep track of multiple steps mentally. I start out well, but will suddenly forget where I was going with it. lol It is still fun to try.

  • @SimpleLivingHigherThinking
    @SimpleLivingHigherThinking10 ай бұрын

    Sir, I love the way you teach math in very simple and exciting way .....I have started to love and enjoy math .......which I feared a lot.......Thank you so much......lots of love.....😀😀

  • @user-zo5nh3us3o
    @user-zo5nh3us3oАй бұрын

    Really interesting!!! Thank you so much!

  • @MaxCubing11
    @MaxCubing11 Жыл бұрын

    And so... We know how many possible combinations have 6x6 (and even bigger!) rubik's cubes, but we don't know how many combinations does it have a 6x6 magic square? We (humanity) know many things, but we still don't know and understand how many things in the universe!

  • @DrTrefor

    @DrTrefor

    Жыл бұрын

    My understanding is the limitations here are mostly computational with the limits of modern computers

  • @TheSilentLooters
    @TheSilentLooters2 ай бұрын

    9:28 thanks man now i can write all 8 magic square by just memorizing one

  • @geraldsnodd
    @geraldsnodd Жыл бұрын

    ...A failed attempt at the magic square gives you a PARKER SQUARE. 😂 Jokes aside, I can't wait to learn through your content. excited to study mathematics/ physics/ mathematics and computing subjects at university. [I'll be done with my entrance exams by 3rd week of June :) ] hope i get my desired university Fingers crossed 🤞

  • @DrTrefor

    @DrTrefor

    Жыл бұрын

    :D That's awesome though, you are going to be amazing at uni!

  • @wyboo2019

    @wyboo2019

    Жыл бұрын

    the thing is, the term Parker Square has actually already been used in a mathematical research paper, making it a canonical term

  • @geraldsnodd

    @geraldsnodd

    Жыл бұрын

    @@wyboo2019 cool ... I wasn't aware of this

  • @hifijohn
    @hifijohn Жыл бұрын

    Love the t-shirt ,it reminds of a homer simpson quote "remember your hippopotamus oath"

  • @JacobIX99
    @JacobIX9910 ай бұрын

    Actually when I googled, I stumbled upon this: JULY 2023: "Prof. Hidetoshi Mino has counted the magic squares of order 6 to be 17,753,889,189,701,384,304 different 6x6 magic squares." That's pretty new.. but yeah, now we know. Also, the sum of all numbers in a 6x6 magic square is sigma 36 which is equal to 666, which is kinda cool lol.

  • @boosterfly
    @boosterfly Жыл бұрын

    That shirt is awesome!!!

  • @satya456srav6
    @satya456srav6 Жыл бұрын

    Niceee professor 😃😄

  • @DrTrefor

    @DrTrefor

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @coffeeconfessor4747
    @coffeeconfessor4747 Жыл бұрын

    So, there is only one permutation to the 3x3, but as the size increases, is there a recognizable pattern in the growth of the number of allowable permutations? I mean, only up to 5x5 has been solved, but it seems like there should be a mathematical pattern, or is it because only a very tiny number have had their permutation possibilities calculated that there isn't a direct pattern distinctly seen yet?

  • @DrTrefor

    @DrTrefor

    Жыл бұрын

    Exactly!

  • @mouradbelkas598
    @mouradbelkas598 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you, 3x 3 and 4x 4 are fairly easy. How about 5 x 5 and 6 x 6 . There is also other numbers than 1 to 9. Any consecutive 9 numbers (-5, - 4, -3 ...1, 2, 3, 4). The center number is the sum of the numbers divided by the number of cells

  • @matthewjohnson6360
    @matthewjohnson6360 Жыл бұрын

    I already knew about Magic squares; CTC did a buzzle of more than 4 in a single puzzle.

  • @roguelegend4945
    @roguelegend49454 ай бұрын

    does it have to do with -1/12= 1/2

  • @mrkremps1898
    @mrkremps1898 Жыл бұрын

    Well, this will make sudoku infinitely easier.

  • @DrTrefor

    @DrTrefor

    Жыл бұрын

    Ha it does help a bit in the ideas but not really for solving it tbh

  • @angelikalopez7541
    @angelikalopez75414 ай бұрын

    Professor How about if the question is everything should have the same total but using multiplication?

  • @StaticBlaster
    @StaticBlaster Жыл бұрын

    For the 4 * 4 magic square, it took me a while to figure out what the numbers were because I used the ad hoc method.

  • @DrTrefor

    @DrTrefor

    Жыл бұрын

    Ya for sure, a lot of the 4x4 puzzles you gotta play around and try different ideas to see the one that works.

  • @StaticBlaster

    @StaticBlaster

    Жыл бұрын

    @@DrTrefor yep some of the numbers didn't quite add up to 34 and some of the numbers when inserted would require using a number already in the magic square. So I had to tinker with the numbers until it all the rows, columns and diagonals added to 34.

  • @wudgee

    @wudgee

    6 ай бұрын

    That seemed very complicated for how to do the puzzle, not sure I gained the solution in a way I was expecting.

  • @roguelegend4945
    @roguelegend49454 ай бұрын

    odd numbers always have to be in the center, and even numbers always end in the corners...

  • @vivekm.s8819
    @vivekm.s8819 Жыл бұрын

    First comment proffesor. 💓 It is also the ancient tradition of India. Which was also developed by Srinivasa Ramanujan

  • @DrTrefor

    @DrTrefor

    Жыл бұрын

    Nice one!

  • @alandmuhamad6593
    @alandmuhamad65933 ай бұрын

    Im proud that I proved you can only have 8 solutions for the 3×3, on my own.

  • @souloflight256

    @souloflight256

    2 ай бұрын

    سبقك الاستاذ انور 😅

  • @roguelegend4945
    @roguelegend49454 ай бұрын

    the cent .5/ 5 = 1/2 = half why is the center number five equal .5 half or 5 or use 4 times as is used with other edge digits.. to =15

  • @roguelegend4945
    @roguelegend49454 ай бұрын

    why does it come up 15, if decimals 1.5 = 1+ 1/2

  • @peteradawson6576
    @peteradawson6576 Жыл бұрын

    Do you watch Cracking the Cryptic?

  • @BurstFlare
    @BurstFlare Жыл бұрын

    Here's what I got for 0:45~1:03 before watching the rest of the video. 3x3 8,3,4 1,5,9 6,7,2 4x4 7,13,12, 2 10, 4, 5,15 1,11,14, 8 16, 6, 3, 9 The video confirms that my 3x3 solution is correct, but what about my 4x4 solution?

  • @DrTrefor

    @DrTrefor

    Жыл бұрын

    Your 4x4 is good! And you can confirm it by double checking the rows/columns/diagonal all do add up right.

  • @BurstFlare

    @BurstFlare

    Жыл бұрын

    @@DrTrefor I tried doing that, but I would sometimes lose track of which ones I checked and which ones I didn't. Additionally, I wasn't entirely sure that I had typed them into the calculator properly.

  • @StaticBlaster
    @StaticBlaster Жыл бұрын

    101 Dalmatians. lol.

  • @williamhooper9432
    @williamhooper9432Ай бұрын

    The opening is not explained. Why does a 3x3 magic square have to contain all the digits between 1 and 9 used once and only once? That seems to be what the video is saying but I thought it could contain any numbers.

  • @DrTrefor

    @DrTrefor

    Ай бұрын

    I’m asserting this as the definition of the puzzle we are analyzing

  • @habadababa31415
    @habadababa31415 Жыл бұрын

    aaaaaaaa I need to know if my solution to the other grid is right or I'm just blind and can't see my mistakes as always

  • @ivornworrell
    @ivornworrell14 күн бұрын

    God is The Ultimate Mathematician, and God does not play dice with The Universe.

  • @mus3equal
    @mus3equal Жыл бұрын

    ()K, Eye Cee, solves mANy A di-lemma. Lemniscate, a plane to C

  • @APaleDot
    @APaleDot Жыл бұрын

    I thought magic squares could have any numbers in them, not just 1...n.

  • @DrTrefor

    @DrTrefor

    Жыл бұрын

    There are lots of variants, so the specific theorem I did for this video needs everything from 1 to n, but there are many closely related one

  • @ShanBojack
    @ShanBojack Жыл бұрын

    Damn bro I'm early

  • @DrTrefor

    @DrTrefor

    Жыл бұрын

    Ha nice!

  • @ethanranasinghe7685
    @ethanranasinghe76854 ай бұрын

    Before Christ*

  • @yumnuska

    @yumnuska

    3 ай бұрын

    Christ doesn’t matter other than as a historical figure that might be real that we kinda sorta use as an anchor for dates. He’s maybe just a dude that hoodwinked a bunch of fools to write stories.

  • @Jesusislordd

    @Jesusislordd

    Ай бұрын

    ​@yumnuska Jesus Christ is the son of God/ God the son, the man who died a brutal death on the cross to give all of us something we don't deserve, which is a spot in heaven, the chance to become a child of God if you accept Him as your Lord and Saviour So please give Him some respect, and please consider maybe giving your life to Him😊

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