One of the most beautiful arts is making complicated things look so simple. And only legends can do it.

We watch this video in my computer class at school 😂 it’s very well put together, good job.

It took me lots of video browsing to be here but this was the the video I was looking for all this while. This is the best

Fantastic, thank you for the clarity. Have read blog posts and seen videos on this topic and never understood it quite so well.

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

Thank you Alexander, I'm very glad you feel this video is so useful.

by far the best on this topic!!!

Well explained and I love the “Try It Yourself”

Simple, clear instructions- very helpful. Thank you!

@TheTechTrain

4 жыл бұрын

I'm so glad you found it helpful, thank you.

More than half an hour I was searching answer for this question but within 6min you did it....thanks a lot..

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

I'm so glad I was able to help you.

The explanation is wrong. When saved in UNICODE format, Notepad adds a two-byte magic number to mark the file format as being UTF-16, and the ALT-1 character is saved as two bytes. Notepad does not save in a 32-bit UNICODE format. You can verify this by putting the ALT-1 character in the file twice, and see that the file size is then 6 bytes. Also, UTF-16 encodes up to 20 bits, not 32 as stated.

@krystobee4454

5 жыл бұрын

Nice, I got 6 bytes!

@gbzedaii3765

2 ай бұрын

I got 16 bytes

@PyarMatKaro

2 ай бұрын

​@@gbzedaii3765I don't know how you managed to get 16 bytes

Loved this, especially the "Try it out" part - this made exam prep for Intro to IT much easier!

Great explanation. very helpful!

@TheTechTrain

6 жыл бұрын

You're welcome!

Okay, I have gone through maybe 13 other videos including a video by my instructor, and all of them were not as simple and easy as you made this explanation out to be. Thank you for making this. I'm finally understanding it!

@AndersJackson

2 жыл бұрын

Well, he have left out quite a lot to make it look simple. Like the important encoding of Unicode (ISO-10646) in UTF-8.

Chinese: Im gonna end ASCII's whole career.

@TheTechTrain

3 жыл бұрын

😆

@minetech4898

3 жыл бұрын

Unicode: what are these..? Japanese: Emojis Unicode: it.. it's a face Japanese: yeah, and? Unicode: now has Emojis

@igothisoncamera7205

3 жыл бұрын

LMAO

@aaqilary1496

2 жыл бұрын

Good to see this comment! ΟωΟ

@eng360

2 жыл бұрын

Unicode ; hold my 🍺

this is the best video on this topic!! must watch!!

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much! I'm glad it was useful.

My content on this topic is crystal clear. Thanks tech train.

Refreshed me a beginner lessons of my computer science class. great thanks

@TheTechTrain

4 жыл бұрын

I'm so glad you found it helpful Abed Behrooz

the best explanation ....easily understood the topic..hats off

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

Thank you!

isn't 32-bit capable of storing potentially 2^32-1=4,294,967,295 characters (not only 2,147,483,647, as shown in the video)?

@aniseedwolf9109

6 жыл бұрын

The short answer is 'no' because the first bit being equal to 1 will be the flag used to indicate a Unicode character. Since the first bit has to be a '1', you are halving the amount of available combinations potentially available.

@xiaoling943

6 жыл бұрын

Its actually 2^31

@prayushdawda7807

5 жыл бұрын

@@xiaoling943 It's actually 2^31 - 1. xD

@absolutebollocks2258

4 жыл бұрын

Unsigned vs signed integer

Explanation is good.. and helpful as well

Clean and clear, super well presented. Thank you for contributing great quality information on this platform. It's a breath of fresh air.

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much for your kind comment, I am so glad you felt the video was so useful. Hope to see you here again!

I love the "try it yourself" part!. Thanks a lot sir!

@TheTechTrain

3 жыл бұрын

I'm glad you found it useful

Best ever explanation...Thanks dude

Thank you for great explanation!

(4:30) You should preferably save in UTF-8 instead, that uses 1-7 bits per character depending on how far into Unicode it appears. - Furthermore, you can't use characters beyond the 1 114 111th character, due to how the standard is set up with the 16-bit surrogate pairs.

thanks u are an amazing professor!!

Your method of teaching is so simple and amazing...means it's easy to understand..💗❤️🙂

Keyboard keys have a different number asociated to them that gets translated into "ASCII" later, upper or lower case depending on whether Shift was held down. PS/2 scancode for A is 0x1E. You skipped over intermediate word lengths. For most of the history, a character has been 8 bits, and later 16 bits. Having so many bits comes at cost. The Notepad shortcut might be something found in newest Windows only. A Unicode text file is usually prefixed with a technical character called a "byte order mark" to indicate the UTF format. Saving one symbol will actually save two.

Thank you so much for the heroes that create these videos. My first time delving into telcom based project and this video helped me so much for a non tech.

This video explains it beautifully and very easy to understand. Thanks for the great content

@TheTechTrain

2 ай бұрын

Glad it was helpful!

I tried this in Windows 10 v22H2 and found that the Alt+1 combination file size was 3 bytes instead of 4 bytes, as mentioned in the video. Any specific reason for this that you can recall?

does our system uses a single system at a time or it toggles between ascii and unicode as needed automatically ? what if the file contains simple alphabets as well as the emojis ??

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

If a text file contains only ASCII files then it will be saved by default as an ASCII file, unless you choose otherwise. If the file contains any Unicode characters then if you try to save it as an ASCII/ANSII file then you will be warned about the potential loss of the Unicode characters. Generally the system will try to keep file sizes low, so will only save using the higher Unicode file size if any Unicode characters are included.

Thanks so much. This is a great video

Thanks ...anything on EBCDIC ?

Just awesome 👏👏👏👏.

You guys explain this better then what my prof. did over 2 hours. lolz

@mrsher4517

5 жыл бұрын

7 bit stores 128 characters from 0-127 => 0000000-1111111. Correct me if I am wrong please.

@Bonniebelle_00__

3 жыл бұрын

@@mrsher4517 a lot of info dumped here lolz not fast enough ooooopp

Easy to understand, will subscribe for that

Perfect. Simple, easy and straightfoward 10/10 Great explanation!

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much, I'm very glad you think so.

Thank you made this very easy to understand!

As smooth as it get, Thanks!

what a great explanation!

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much, I'm glad you found it useful.

Dude your youtube channel is amazing! Especially this vid! Helped a lot with computer science 🤞👍

@TheTechTrain

3 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much! I'm so glad you found it helpful. 👍

A very good explanation.

It was short video but full of content. Very well explained. Thank You :) !

Why can't characters be saved as a 1-byte ASCII and then a 4-byte Unicode for other characters? Which would reduce the size needed for memory?

@TheTechTrain

4 жыл бұрын

Unicode does come in many flavours, but you don't want to have 4 bytes necessarily for everything as that would waste storage space.

@user-mc8gr4tb7k

2 жыл бұрын

@@TheTechTrain I want to make unicde of my language and want to revive the script of my language

Very comprehensive, thank you

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

I'm so glad you found it useful. Thank you for your support.

Great job! Could you explain how you reached the 2 billion number for total possibilities for 32bit size? Is it 2^31? And if so, what is the last bit for?

@RED40HOURS

Жыл бұрын

The last bit on binary numbers are usually used as the _sign_ of the number i.e. if the sign bit is 0, the number is a positive number. If the sign bit is 1, it's a negative number. Most binary numbers (8 / 16 / 32 / 64 bit) has a sign bit at the end of the number so it's actually 2^n-1 individual numbers Hope this helps! Edit: I'll provide an example: 1101 - Normally this would be 13, but if we used the last bit (most left) as the sign bit, 1_101 - This would be -5

This actually helped me understand why a bunch of symbols have random numbers after it.

ASCII is an extension of the 5-bit Badau Code used in such things as the original electro-mechanical Teletype Keyboard/Printer long-distance communication devices that replaced the old hand-keyed dit-dah Morse Code when more capable and much faster methods of sending on/off (digital) codes were developed at the end of the 19th Century. Much of ASCII was adopted to allow more characters to be sent and to allow more thorough control of the receiving device (End-of-Message value and so forth) for more intricate messages (for example, the Escape Code as a flag to allow non-ASCII values to be sent for use by the receiving machine as other than letters or numbers or standard symbols or ASCII Printer Commands). Sending pictures is another major extension of ASCII where the original printable characters are now just a small part of the image printed out. UNICODE is one part of this expansion but such things as "JPG" and "MP4" and other special-purpose coding schemes are now also used extensively for inter-computer messaging. Automatic "handshaking" and error determination are now absolutely needed for computer messaging that is going much too fast for human monitoring of the connections -- this can get extremely complex when automatic backup systems with quick-swapping paths are used.

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

Wow, what a lot of extra information! Very interesting, thank you very much for sharing that. My videos tend to be targetted at the current UK GCSE Computer Science curriculum, and so only tend to provide that much information, but it's always good when subscribers share extra information and explanations, so thank you!

@NathanOkun

5 жыл бұрын

@@TheTechTrain You are welcome. I started work for the US Navy as an Electronic Engineer for Systems of the TERRIER Anti-Aircraft Guided Missile System in late 1972, just as digital computers were being added to replace the old electro-mechanical computers used to aim the missiles and initialize them just prior to firing and control the large tracking radars (huge "folded telescope" designs that used pulse tracking and a separate continuous very-high-frequency illumination beam for the missile's radar "eye" to home on). A couple of years later the profession of Computer Engineer finally was added to the US Government employment system and our group all changed over to it, so I, in a manner of speech, was not on the "ground floor" of the computer revolution but, as far as the US Federal Government was concerned, I was "in the basement" at this extremely critical time of change when computers "got smaller" as was given as an inside joke in the Remo Williams movie. There is a KZread video series out concerning a group in a museum rebuilding one of those old Teletype machines that used the Badau Code and showing how it controlled all of the tiny moving parts in the machines. VERY interesting!

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

You've certainly seen a fair few changes in that time then! As someone with such an extensive background in the subject I feel humbled at you reviewing my little video! Are you still involved with the subject these days?

@NathanOkun

5 жыл бұрын

@@TheTechTrain I retired in 2014 after 41 years of US Federal Government employment. First for TERRIER until it was decommissioned in 1992 when steam warships (other than the nukes) were suddenly without any warning deleted from the Navy, where I was lucky and could immediately change over to TARTAR, which was on many gas-turbine-powered ships and lasted a few years longer before AEGIS replaced almost every other major US Navy missile system. TARTAR had some computer engineering/programming jobs open and I now learned a whole new kind of software/hardware design and support scheme -- boy, was that a step down, from the 18-bit UNIVAC C-152 computers that TERRIER used to the chained-together 16-bit computers from several manufacturers that TARTAR used, since 18-bit (though now obsolete due to 32- and 64-bit machines becoming standard) gave programmers WAY, WAY more capability than 16-bit did. When TARTAR in the US Navy "bit the dust" (I think that a foreign navy still uses it) a few years later, I moved to the FFG-7 frigates that used a kind of "poor-man's TARTAR" (still limited to the early SM-1 "homing-all-the-way" missiles when TARTAR had changed over to the much more capable command-guided, much-longer-range SM-2 missiles). I did some programming and program testing and spec writing, with my largest work effort being on the several-year-long project to upgrade the Australian FFG-7 ships to SM-2 and an Evolved Seasparrow vertical-launch close-in defense system -- that was a HUGE job like shoe-horning a size 12 foot into a size 8 shoe, but we did our part in developing the programming portion of the system and it WORKED!! By then I was doing Software Quality Assurance and Control (SQA), where I made sure all documents were properly reviewed and OKed and I held the final meetings where we decided if we have finished each major project step and can go to the next one, which was a major change for me. I had to learn all about the SQA process, originally developed for NASA (though we never got to their own Level 5 SQA System as that would have needed many more people and lots more money), and my boss had me flow-chart, by hand, the entire process with all possible branches to make me REALLY know it ASAP -- he stuck my large flow-charts up on the wall just outside his office and directed that everybody study their part in it (only I and our project librarian/documentation/computer storage medium "czar" had to learn the whole thing; just my luck!). To get some idea as to how far behind the US Navy is getting vis-a-vis software, where originally we were on the "bleeding edge" when I started work, I was the ONLY SQA person in our entire group, handling the several concurrent projects we had by juggling the timing of meetings and so forth. In the online video game DIABLO III, to name just one, they have over ONE-HUNDRED (100!!!) people dedicated to just SQA, and that is only a small part of their entire international staff. I felt like Indiana Jones being dragged by his whip behind that Nazi truck, only in my case that truck was getting farther and farther away as the whip stretched...

The reason notepad uses four bytes in that example is not because utf-32, but instead because they use utf-16 with an additional BOM at the beginning of the file.

@Bonniebelle_00__

3 жыл бұрын

yeah i think i seen something like this in the Wikipedia page

For UTF-8, there are 21 free bits. So the highest possible code point will be 2097151 (decimal) or 1FFFFF (hex)

@TheTechTrain

4 жыл бұрын

Don't forget that with UTF-8 only one byte is used for the ASCII characters.

So what are the possible questions that can come up for extended ASCII

This is what im looking for this morning

ThankYou so much sir

Extremely helpful, thanks a lot!

@TheTechTrain

2 ай бұрын

You're welcome!

thanks a lot for the awesome explaination

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

You're very welcome!

Damn such a beautiful way to explain things

@TheTechTrain

3 жыл бұрын

Thank you, I'm so glad you found it helpful.

Thanks for this. Great explination.

Great absolutely great! love the video best video I have viewed for this topic!

@TheTechTrain

3 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much, I'm very glad you found it so useful! (Feel free to share and help spread the word! 😉👍)

WOW, by far the best explanation

@TheTechTrain

3 жыл бұрын

Glad it was helpful!

@Bonniebelle_00__

3 жыл бұрын

@@TheTechTrain yeahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

The greatest teachers are the ones that can simplify the most complicated of things. Bravo to you!! tysm for the vid :)

@TheTechTrain

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you! I'm so glad you found it helpful. 😊

I think you must make a distinction between the character space (e.g. Unicode codepoints) and the function to map from the character space to the encoded sequences of bits. You would then notice that there are constraints on this function and not all the 32 bits can be freely used, making the 2Billion number quite false. I may be wrong though, just learned about these stuffs 5 mins ago.

@TheTechTrain

4 жыл бұрын

I tend to focus on the needs of the GCSE Computer Science course I teach. You are correct though - the 2 billion is a potential rather than an actual figure.

very well and simply explained, thanks a lot , but I have a question: why can 32-bit represent only half the no. of values, I mean why 2 billion while it can represent up to 4.3 billion ??

@TheCrookedNoise

2 жыл бұрын

1 bit is used to represent positive or negative

What an amazing video, bravo, I definitely will Sub

@TheTechTrain

8 ай бұрын

I'm so glad it helped! Thank you for the sub! 👍

thank you for the explanation

thanks for making me pass my GCSEs

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

Do you have your exam tomorrow? I'm so glad you found this video helpful. Let me know if there are any other topics or questions you'd find useful. If you do have your exam tomorrow, then GOOD LUCK! 🤞

@Harry-dz3bm

5 жыл бұрын

@@TheTechTrain It is tomorrow yes, thankyou. I feel really confident going into the exam now :)

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

I'm so glad it helped. The very best of luck! Anything else you were wanting to look at? Let me know how it goes!

@Harry-dz3bm

5 жыл бұрын

The Tech Train I’m revising searching and sorting at the moment

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

Linear and Binary, Bubble and Merge?

i didnt get the emoji, how is it posible to use emojies on a pc? : D

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

Hold down the Alt key, then press the number '1' on your number pad, then let go of the '1' key, then let go of the Alt key. There you are - an emoji! ☺

@relavilrodford9272

4 жыл бұрын

@@TheTechTrain ☺

@gutegute9459

4 жыл бұрын

@@relavilrodford9272 ☻☻☻☻☻

@astronomylover2.0

4 жыл бұрын

@@TheTechTrain it does not work for me. Is it because the computer type? 😔

@rimjhim2644

3 жыл бұрын

@@astronomylover2.0 yea same for me

Alt 1 doesnt work for me :(

@sukanshigarg6051

5 жыл бұрын

Not possible .

@relavilrodford9272

4 жыл бұрын

@bumboni ☺

Amazing video!

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

Thank you!

Great method 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

Very well done!

@TheTechTrain

3 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much!

Thank you for explaining we are thankfull to you

@TheTechTrain

3 жыл бұрын

It's my pleasure

Thanks a lot. top-notch 🙂

How do you get the number 2,147,483,647 from 32 bits?

@TheTechTrain

6 жыл бұрын

When calculating binary, each column increases the value of the column to its right by the power of 2. So the first bit is 1, the second bit is 2, and then each subsequent bit or column is multiplied by 2, being 4, then 16, 32, 64 and 128. These are the values for the first 8 columns - or a byte of data. With 8 columns, or 8 bits, you can calculate the highest possible value by adding the value of each column - so 128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255. With 32 bits we just simply continue this process. Raising each new column to the power of 2 results in some pretty large numbers very quickly, and when you write out 32 columns, or 32 bits, that's the total you get (well, almost - the first bit is a 'flag' digit to identify the value as Unicode, so we're really only adding up the values of the first 31 columns).

@epsilon5808

6 жыл бұрын

The Tech Train but it's not raising to the power of two, because 16x16 is not 32.

@TheTechTrain

6 жыл бұрын

I'm not sure you quite understand what is meant by raising a number to the power of a number. 32 is 2 to the power of 5 because when we write 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 you'll see that there are five 2's. If you write 16 x 16 - where is the 2?

Best explanation I’ve seen yet! Subbed, likes, etc.

Please solve me a question: If every character and command is being represented first by a decimal number and then to binary number for example "Letter A, 65, 1000001". So what happens with the number 65? What decimal number is attached to this number? I'm so confused. Thank you so much for the video!

@MultiKeky

4 жыл бұрын

Hey bud! It's pretty straightforward! The number 65 will be broken down as follows: 6 -> 54 and 5 -> 53. Now convert 54 and 53 respectively to their binary formats i.e. 00110110 and 00110101. Both are 8 bits respectively which means the total storage required for the number 65 is 16 bits (2 bytes). Hope this helps.

@dekippiesip

3 жыл бұрын

@@MultiKeky it depends on weather the number is stored as a string or an int. For an int you do as you say, but for an int you convert the number to binary, and that takes a lot less information.

It means we have need to remember ASCII code.Is there is any way to remember ASCII code

Very helpful thanks!!!

@TheTechTrain

3 жыл бұрын

Glad it helped!

Nice! You clearly broke down the difference between *ASCII* and *UNICODE* . So what is *ANSI* that I keep seeing all over the place? *Instagram* is allowing many (if not all) of the uincode letter formats to display whole different font look as you type up a comment!

@sarahluciakarmann6133

3 жыл бұрын

Bearing in mind that I'm also still a student: from what our professor told us, ANSI should be the extension that includes Latin 1, which means most European languages are supported - he pointed out that many languages not in ASCII need an entirely new alphabet, but quite a lot of Latin languages have additional letters not included in ASCII, e.g. ä/Ä, ö/Ö, ü/Ü, ß in German

Got it ... Thank you...

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

You're very welcome!

one of the final exam questions was how much bit is unicode and what is the answer?

@MicrosoftTechsuppprt

2 жыл бұрын

But late I think 256 and uni is 65,000

You said A requires an entirety of a byte which is 8 bits but then you also said that ASCII is a 7 bit binary code so what is the use of the extra bit added is it extended ASCII or something

Thank you man, really helpful

Awesome bro

How would I type in a passcode on my mobile device in ASCII?

Thank you very much! This is the best explanation I've ever seen in my life.

@TheTechTrain

4 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much, I'm very glad you liked it

@user-mv3sz9gk1d

4 жыл бұрын

How can we learn all of them,bcd,ascii ebcduc

A great work.

@TheTechTrain

4 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much!

Woow thank you for the information

nice explanation........... i want more abot ANSI

so useful even now, thank you

@TheTechTrain

29 күн бұрын

Glad to hear!

So how does the computer write the text on the screen and how does the text being created at the first place?

@TheTechTrain

6 жыл бұрын

At the simplest level, that's largely the job of the operating system (e.g. Windows. MacOS, Linux etc.). If you have a text file stored in binary then it will be the OS that loads that text file into the computer's memory, then decides on the default application to use to open the file. It will be a combination of the OS and that application which decodes the binary into text and displays it on the screen.

@nostalgicagamerppsspp7991

6 жыл бұрын

The Tech Train what if i created my own computer out of raw materials like sand to silicon and other metal parts and design the logic gate from cpu and other parts how do i create my own OS?

@nostalgicagamerppsspp7991

6 жыл бұрын

The Tech Train and how does the OS maker design the rext do they do it by hand and pixelated it and let the instruction execute it?

@nostalgicagamerppsspp7991

6 жыл бұрын

The Tech Train pls respond i need to be enligthen

@TheTechTrain

6 жыл бұрын

I suspect you're being deliberately awkward (maybe you are one of my students?) but if you are interested there are plenty of examples online of people creating working CPUs using mundane materials. Here is an example of a working CPU made using nothing but redstone in Minecraft: kzread.info/dash/bejne/rJ2qmrWRlrDIm84.html. If you do ever manage to build a working computer out of rocks from your garden do please let me know!

7 bits should result in 128 (0~127) numbers, right?

What are emojis encoded in utf-8 or utf-16 or utf-32?😀

But how computer knows when a binary code represents a letter or a number if both are the same? Like 'A' and 65?

Great video 👌, clear explanation, very good examples.

hey there ! I'm working on a project currently ! it's an artificial language and it have its own alphabets and I want to code it to work like any language package ! what programming language should I use for that and where I can learn how to code my designed characters ?

wow! It's small video but a very informative and the explanation was great :)

@TheTechTrain

4 жыл бұрын

Glad you liked it!

guys how do you transform ASCII coded data into UTF16 coded data?

brilliant explanation,thank you!

@TheTechTrain

4 жыл бұрын

I'm so glad, thank you.

very clearly explained

@TheTechTrain

5 жыл бұрын

Thank you, I'm very glad you thought so.

Great job! I had a really hard time understanding it the way others have explained it, but you explained it really well and I understood straight away. Subscribed :)

@TheTechTrain

4 жыл бұрын

Thank you Theme Park UK, I'm so glad you liked it.