The evil of the nuns and the Catholic Church was and is unbelievable, 😡

@katesims2346

9 ай бұрын

One day the perpetrators of this abuse will be called to account by a loving Heavenly Father. All those babies are safe in the arms of Jesus.

@davidkeenan5642

9 ай бұрын

@@katesims2346 Ah rubbish, if they're not already dead they soon will be. There is no afterlife!

@leonardgibney2997

9 ай бұрын

Then there's CSA by the clergymen.

@bikinibabes666

8 ай бұрын

No, not the Catholic Church.....It was a loony fringe of the Catholic Church.

@hetedeleambacht6608

6 ай бұрын

the power over the minds of people is, for sure

Heartbreaking. I hope the survivors may find peace in their hearts. Such cruelty to the children + their mothers.

@leonardniamh

Жыл бұрын

Cruelty to women & children

@abbatrouble

10 ай бұрын

Such cruelty to these people was done INTENTIONALLY by the Catholic Church to fill their pockets!

I was sent to a Catholic school by my parents. I never met or experienced such hard cold people as those nuns. This does not surprise me at all.

@user-zd4oz1so7p

19 күн бұрын

Ditto ☹️💔💕❣️💞

Well done to all here on your sensitive, kind, truthful empowering coverage of this hell on earth. May all be healed 🙏💕

This is so heartbreaking, those poor poor children!!! I’m so upset by it all I no longer associate myself as a catholic and will not baptise any other family members born into my family. Shame shame shame on those who could do this to mothers and children. So thankful to those who have exposed this crime. And that’s the only way to stop cruel humans is to expose 😢

@joyceproudlock1426

7 ай бұрын

If the young girls families gave their daughters the support they should have the nuns wouldn't have been able to get the babies and there would be no so called mother and baby homes

@santhanaraj5863

7 ай бұрын

If you really care for the lives of children, then why did Ireland vote for the widespread abortion of innocent babies ?? That's baby killing, and you know it ... You hypocrites!!

@francisjamesbrennan2034

6 ай бұрын

I have 4children and Will make them go to church like i was or batise or have anything to do with the church for me they are all antichrist because they're doing all the things that the Bible tells us not to do i hate what the church Stan's from with those class of people just please live your life good and cind to your fellow man God bless ,,not the church,

@elizabethryan7772

6 ай бұрын

That's so very sad to hear that you cant separate the Institution form the Scripture. from my understanding nowhere in scripture does it instruct that kind of evil. Clearly they were acting on their own free will - you also have to remember it was the community, family and government that allowed this to happen. Collective thinking and social conditioning of that era.... we're all going through that same social conditioning today...... turning us on each other with hate and stigma. The greatest trick he ever played was to convince the world he 'exist.... Satan. It was mankind who used their free will to abuse the women and children.

@red---paulvanravenswaay2247

5 ай бұрын

Praise God, the world needs more good humans like you.!! COME OUT OF THAT GODLESS INSTITUTION EVERYONE😈😈

I pray that the survivors find peace in their lives. Lord please heal them.

😢So very sad and disturbing, absolutely Horrible.....

I now live in the USA and was fortunate enough to end up here. I was one of the unfortunate children through no fault of my own was instutionalized by the court in New-Castle West Co. Limerick to St. Joseph's School in Glin Co. Limerick in October1953 the victim of being born into abstract poverty without zero government help. My brother and beautiful sister suffered the same fate. Starvation diets, living in rags winter and Summer were commonplace. Open sores on the hands from the cold damp weather without treatment were common, punishment with heavy leather straps were regular occurrence. Under the supervision of the order of Christain Brother. What a disgrace and shame on the Catholic Church and Government of Ireland of the time. My early life in Ireland is still fresh on my mind as if it were yesterday. My useless father was a drunken clown who absconded to England and never heard from again as with many useless fathers in Ireland. We are very lucky to be alive after our early experiences in that awful country.

@danielocallaghan2249

Жыл бұрын

@@EireAbu Typical Excuse's and coverup as usual. These Workhouses were out of the dark ages and their religious management used the same tactics in these converted to childcare facility's.

@danielocallaghan2249

Жыл бұрын

The eight hundred babies dumped in Tuam were not put there by secular authorities. These were put there by sadistic Brides of Christ who profited from the sale of the ones they knew would bring top dollar. I have firsthand knowledge of the handling and mismanagement of these intuitions by a so-called religious order. I was awarded sixty-five thousand dollars for mistreatment at the hands of the Catholic order of Christain Brother's. Do not water it down with excuses and coverups! But then as usual this is to be expected

@Theowlhawk

Жыл бұрын

Inhumane and cruel beyond words, 💔

@annoakley3755

Жыл бұрын

❤

@danielocallaghan2249

Жыл бұрын

@@annoakley3755 Thank you Ann.

How cruel Makes me so angry 😡 the way these poor people were treated

so sad how they were treated, poor women and children, hope they all find peace, god bless you all.

Well done to the Government and their wonderful redress scheme , an absolute disgrace leaving out 40% of the babies who were separated from their mothers.

@hetedeleambacht6608

6 ай бұрын

they have to start somewhere i guess

This is indescribably messed up. Sending love and healing to the families impacted by this!

Only the tip of the iceberg cruel beyond believe😢

The Catholic church in Ireland was so cruel.

So they starved them as well? Barbarians!

@leonardniamh

Жыл бұрын

There are no words for the horror of these evil people

@leonardniamh

Жыл бұрын

A simple chat with the state pathologist will confirm it

@toddmiller5884

Жыл бұрын

@@EireAbu Makes sense. After all, if you don't feed your workers they're not much productive use.

So moving. The Catholic church in Ireland needs to explain , a confession would be appropriate.

@rhodacostain1938

9 ай бұрын

Your joking right?! Needs to be alot more then a confession the whole of Ireland was effected by this children taken from their family’s could be as small as being too pretty, to outspoken, as a product of abuse, product of SA resulting in pregnancies the list is endless, they were used as slave labour with no pay locked in so they could never leave, the majority of the nuns were cold cruel and sadistic, my heart bleeds for Éire. Healing to all and prayers and everlasting peace to all Those you lost their lives to this institution. Shame on the Catholic Church and the state for all the evil they did.

@kristinebailey6554

8 ай бұрын

I am glad to see you say the Catholic Church in Ireland, because the Catholic orphanages in the USA did nothing like this. But then we also did not expect nuns and priests to take responsibility for people having intercourse outside of wedlock. This was never the function of any church, and they would be very ill equipped to deal with it. You simply do not disown your daughters and grandchildren for any reason. It disgusts me to know that families did such a thing! That is where half of the blame (at the very least) lies.

@sunnyseacat6857

6 ай бұрын

@@kristinebailey6554 : Abuse of children did take place in the USA; it may be better hidden but yes, children and babies were abused by nuns and priests and ministers.

@SarahHarris-hx6ec

6 ай бұрын

confession and penance

@seonaghjedlicka3570

2 күн бұрын

And unmarried woman had their babies taken away with force. Nuns said its best thing for baby. Imagine 😢

Was born in castlepollard mother and baby home what those monsters the nuns and priests done to our mothers will never be forgiven i hope that they are burning in hell 😢😢😢😢

@abbatrouble

10 ай бұрын

Don't forget that the priests were sexually abusing young children also!

@hetedeleambacht6608

6 ай бұрын

i will never understand, how much i read about this sort of things.....my condolences.....

Shameful and disgusting.... But im glad the suvivors are close to each other❤

It sickens me that people took it upon themselves to pass judgment on and mete out punishment to others.

This is a complete scandal!!! It's so awful that it went on for so long.....

No wonder my grandma from Ireland said the nuns were evil infact she called them something alot stronger !

"9,000 children died in Irish mother-and-baby homes, report finds The 3,000-page report described the emotional and even physical abuse some women were subjected to in the so-called mother-and-baby homes." Thousands more survived, traumatized for life. This is the depth of evil, torture of innocent children, the most dire mortal sin.

I am not really child orientated, but I can not begin to imagine how anyone could treat innocent children like this. Especially people who are supposed to be serving a loving God. It is quite horrible.

Dear Daniel O’Callaghan My Mother was from the town of Hospital County Limerick and then came to London with her sister at 18yrs old and married my father from Mayo in 1957. They both had wonderful family upbringings,very happy and healthy times. There was seven of us brought up in London likewise we had a great upbringing - our parents would remind us of the treatment the Nuns or Christian Brothers would try to dish out to the school children of the day in the 1930’s. I hope your happy and settled in the USA, one of my father’s brother Tony immigrated to New York in 1965. I wish you well and all the best 🍾

It’s revolting how women who gave into natural human nature, emotions, and desires were treated like pariahs during the past many were hidden away and shunned with no consequences for the men who also gave I to their desires and they walked away with zero responsibility or consequences women cannot get pregnant alone 😡💔 and then the women were punished by the nuns and society 🤬

@abbatrouble

10 ай бұрын

Until all of this was revealed I never realized that nuns could be so evil!

@jackiekelly4776

10 ай бұрын

@@abbatrouble Oh but they are! I was taught by those sanctimonious and self-righteous cunts until 4th grade; these so called "women of God" treated me like I was less than nothing because I wasn't baptized and not so subtly implied that my mother was an "unfortunate"(their euphemism for a "slut") and a "sinner" all because she was divorced from my biological father. I guess they thought the phrase "practice what you preach" didn't apply to them.

@linda9081

10 ай бұрын

It wasn't always women giving in to natural human nature. Many of the women were raped and sometimes by Catholic priests. The women were told they were sinners but no one told the priests that they were the actual sinners. 😡😡😡😡

@linda9081

10 ай бұрын

​​@@abbatroubleHere in Canada we had the residential schools( finally closed their doors in the 90s) The nuns that worked in these schools abused and tortured the children. The residential schools were where the indigenous children of Canada were sent. They were forbidden to speak in their native language. If they did then the nuns would pierce the child's tongue. Sometimes frightened siblings would climb in to the same beds to comfort each other. If the nuns found out they beat them. One of the schools had a home made electric chair. The children would have their hair cut upon arrival and their name taken away from them upon arrival. Some of the Catholic priest would tell the girls that if they would go to bed with them they would promise them a place in heaven. Research what happened to children who were sent out to orphanages in Australia ran by nuns and priests. It's absolutely horrific.

@hetedeleambacht6608

6 ай бұрын

maybe the nuns didnt know the men made them pregnant?! wouldnt f-ing surprise me

The auschwitz of Ireland

I appreciate there must have been exceptions but in the main it would seem the majority of nuns were empty vessels and incapable of affection. What drove such a negative and unfeeling way of living, and what on earth were they taught to believe. That’s the scary bit because it’s not in the Bible. Clearly the church did not teach anything about the love and affection between a man, a woman and their children. Quite wicked and shameful.

@Phiyedough

Жыл бұрын

If this was an isolated case it might just be down to a few misguided individuals at one home but it was a systemic approach covering the whole county. They talk about 800 deaths here but 9000 children died overall in these mother and baby homes. It is the RC Church that should be blamed, rather than individual nuns.

@margaretmcging4771

Жыл бұрын

Feel so sorry for those young girls.Imagine how frightening it was for them going through childbirth with no support.

@hetedeleambacht6608

6 ай бұрын

not 1 country, it happened in institutions all over the world. Go figure out....@@Phiyedough

Just heartbroken watching and listening to this my Father was born out of Wedlock called a Bastard all his life and firs Love was sent AWAY to a Convent for the rest of her life, because he was Not good enough

O found this by accident looking for videos on Irish literature and culture! The stories here remind me of "Philomena" with Judi Dench and the Alan Partridge guy playing Martin Sixsmith although the film barely touches on how bad it really was, it's more about her search for her son afterwards.

There's still an abusive children's home open in dun laoghaire

@user-pv4vq8ni4q

Ай бұрын

Why don't they investigate

@krugerfuchs

25 күн бұрын

Why was my comment taken down

Theyre a special place in hell for the ill treatment of these poor babies!!

Godbless all the souls of the mothers and babies that suffered. Godbless the ones who survived 🙏🏾💚🕊️

What horrors the Irish did to children. Heartbreaking. The people who decided to enter convents and priesthoods were entering dangerous cults. But the Irish public willingly became part of this cult without any questions or critical thinking. Why and how did they allow themselves to be led by people dressed in black and become part of a national cult.

My grandmother was a victim of the laundries. She would never speak in detail about it but she hated nuns with a vengeance because of the way she was treated by them

@xxpollypocket

7 ай бұрын

They were savage bitches.

All supposedly in the name of God. They were pure evil. May you all find some peace.

@jackiekelly4776

11 ай бұрын

@annoakley3755 Yup!!!! And people wonder why I avoid any kind of organized religion as well as individuals who use their faith to justify their hypocritical and abhorrent actions, especially if and/or when they say "oh it's God's will" or "it's God's plan"/"God has a plan for everything"....SMH. I sincerely hope the nuns who were directly involved in these atrocities are burning in hell.

@annoakley3755

11 ай бұрын

@@jackiekelly4776 My husband was a non practising catholic and I a methodist when we married 48yrs ago. It raised some eyebrows back in 1975. He said the nuns at his schools were cruel and vicious, and this was for primary pupils.

The Catholic church was run by fear, and evil sick priest and nuns. This is terrible, what they did to these women, and children,their treatment was worse, than having a baby, outside of wedlock 😢😢

@bg588

9 ай бұрын

IS run by fear

Just seen the movie Woman in the Wall.... 😢😢 So incredeble sad and heart breaking what happend there!

@user-pv4vq8ni4q

Ай бұрын

Is that on Netflix a

Thank you for this video, and drawing light to this subject. As a RN going into my 38th year of practice, and having spent the first 10 years working as Charge on a 30 bed inpatient psychiatric facility, I understand full well the dynamics playing out in these circumstances. It wasn't that long ago, here in the US, that mental hospitals were often referred to as "Snake Pits". There is even a chilling film made in the 40's I think, of the same name. A place to hide from society, that for which they were ashamed...the mentally ill. I noticed on some of the governmental documents associated with these "Homes" for unwed Mothers...children often referred to as "mentally deficient". I imagine that due to the Mother's poor nutrition during pregnancy, and with the delivery practices of the day, that a good number of those children may indeed have born with developmental disabilities, and various forms of brain damage. Unfortunately, as was often the case, those children were targeted for the most horrible of abuse...as they would be viewed as "something less than Human". I can only hope, that through survivors and their supporters, they can fully document past practices and pass laws that will ensure that this can NEVER happen again. And for any survivors still living...that for the rest of their lives they want for nothing, and be cared for with love & dignity. ❤🙏❤

It was all over not just Ireland, shocking our countries are run on evil

Thanks for sharing, shared.

This is Ireland’s shame. Catholic Church at the top& bottom of it. Cold & hard-hearted Nuns dishing out their Christian love & care. Young girls and women denied a voice and their human rights and imprisoned in these Laundries etc where they worked free of charge for years. There were other Institutions too with an appalling record of cruelty. Speak out Ireland and tell the world of your incarceration and the inhumanity doled out to you by an all powerful Catholic Church. Fear reigned supreme.

Yes I’m understanding that . Thank you for your reply

So Horrible to think such pure Evil could happen to the most innocent & their Mothers in such a beautiful place. I believe there is a special place in Hell for the ones that did that to them. Bless their Souls.❤

@bikinibabes666

8 ай бұрын

There is and will be a place for ghastly individuals like them.

I could not even watch after 8 minutes. So very sad.

my heart is broken

I pray fullness of love, peace, and joy in the lives of the abused mothers and children who all suffered a living he'll on arth at the hands of a fallen religious belief. even now, who knows what is going on. religious beliefs to this point reflect so badly on catholics in my eyes.

At first I watched this and was sad. Then I got really angry. Why didn't the parents of these unwed mothers support their knocked up daughters. Why? Because of pride. The woman on tape talks about the wailing and crying of the children. Why didn't she do something? No one could be bothered. No one cared! They were all poor because of their horrible government and pathetic leaders. Keep them drunk, poor and distracted and they won't care. They try to blame the nuns who got paid NOTHING to raise, teach, feed, doctor, clothe and care for all these unwanted children. NO ONE fought for these children. Men getting drunk every night not even caring for their own children. They had NO PROBLEM sending their teens away to Australia or America never to be seen again. I saw it in my own family. Men taking advantage of women and abandoning them. Stop making excuses. This should have been a government program with PAID employees. Everyone was perfectly fine to let the church carry their burdens. The blame goes in many directions and demonizing the church is such a easy way out. I used to be proud to be from Ireland now I feel like they have become a nation of self loathing, miserable, easy manipulated fools with absolutely no identity. Whatever.

@tainahollo8567

Жыл бұрын

Parents, as well as everyone else, seem to have been brainwashed by the Church. The Church, the "servants of God", pretend to be moral people, so it is justifiable to blame them; more was and is expected of them than of others.

@abbatrouble

10 ай бұрын

I have absolutely no sympathy for the "unpaid nuns" who were the most evil of all. Why didn'at least one or two of the nuns report the abuse?

@Charlieb7714

Ай бұрын

The convents made a fortune out of this baby trafficking operation. Women were oppressed. Some of these mothers were victims of rape, sexual attacks from clergy members and incest. This goes deep and you need a greater understanding of the corruption of the religious orders of the time and a very male-dominated society.

The horrifying thing is this happened also in Spain during Franco’s reign, Portugal, Chile and who knows where else. This is absolutely horrible.

I have a question. Let's say, a few people in your neighborhoods or village have done wrong, ... would you say the whole willage should be punished and razed to the ground for the fault of a few ?? Do you think that's justice ??

Relgion is such a comfort and a consolation doncha find ? ? ?

@siannyc3941

7 ай бұрын

Absolutely not. Just brainwashing

Check out the beginnings of social services in the states, not a pretty life for many.

Hiawatha Insane Asylum In 1898, Congress passed a bill creating the only 'Institution for Insane Indians' in the United States. The Canton Indian Insane Asylum (sometimes called Hiawatha Insane Asylum) opened for the reception of patients in January 1903. The first administrator was Oscar S. Gifford.

May the nuns rot in he'll as well as the priests

So sad

It isn’t just the Irish - it's the Catholics who did this to these mothers and babies.

@user-pv4vq8ni4q

Ай бұрын

The protestants would of sent the mothers away to family and when had the baby they would of brought it up and said they had adopted a child but was kept in family❤

Just heartbreaking 💔 sweet little children safe now with the Lord Jesus.

The Catholic orphanages in the USA did nothing like this. But then we also did not expect nuns and priests to take responsibility for people having intercourse outside of wedlock. This was never the function of any church, and they would be very ill equipped to deal with it. You simply do not disown your daughters and grandchildren for any reason. It disgusts me to know that families did such a thing! That is where half of the blame (at the very least) lies. Reply

@Trish-ql9kz

8 ай бұрын

The grandmothers and families were brainwashed by the church that this was the only thing they could do... I’m sure many of them would’ve helped but couldn’t because of the system and beliefs.

@hetedeleambacht6608

6 ай бұрын

good point

There is a brilliant book written by Brian Nugent about the Tuam baby's it well worth a read

Heartless twisted effers❤ 8:38

I believe those children were murdered.

What about the fathers

@siannyc3941

7 ай бұрын

They got away with it…as usual

No matter how many of these documenaries or films i see, the shock and horror doesn't lesson. 🇨🇦 we have our long history of orphanages and first nations residenial schools. the cruelty under the lies the church knows best and maltreatment of children is finally out in the open with the widespread discovery of unmarked graves around the "schools" in Canada and a govt finally apologizing but the church avoiding it whenever possible

I'm a child of a woman here

Seinead she knew everything ❤😊

i bet that place is haunted , there must have been loads of deaths there too which were likely covered up , babies ,children ,mothers . also those who have been there must be haunted forever by the memories too, i bet it was horrific .a lot worse than the movies they make about in these places . ive seen a few , im shocked by how evil nuns were who ran these homes too, when you think of a nun you think kindness and love , because of the old classic nun movies , but in reality many of them were devils and used religion to mask up what they were . im not going to say anymore as i dont want to upset or offend anyone . but my heart truly breaks for the victims who suffered in these places ,

Why are nuns so cruel? It's a common thing in so many places where nuns ran schools or orphanages. What is this phenomenon of sadistic cruelty amongst this demographic?

It's It's shameful that to this day, Ireland nor the Catholic church admits to wrongdoing and still try to cover up the abhorrent behavior of the government and the church! There's a nice place in hell for all those involved in this abuse! And to do it in the name of God is blasphemy!

I was caned 4 times on each hand when I was 8yrs old I bent my hands backwards she made me lose my hands then beat me as hard as she could. my mother from hell congratulated the she dev😢

Different time, different mentality.

@michaelpower4372

9 ай бұрын

That's allways the excuse you people give.

So evil and horrible!

I realise there is something very different about the Irish. They seem to suffer from an inferiority complex. The Irish nuns at school were always on the defensive. I went to boarding school and there was only one Irish nun there and when I look back she too was on the defensive. I have been led to believe that the Irish mother rules the home and makes all the decisions regarding their childrens future. A son is sent to the priesthood and a daughter to the convent. The life partners were chosen and organised by the mothers. I might be greatly mistaken, but I do believe that a pregnant daughter would be rapidly married to the father of the child in most communities, but not in the Irish the daughter was disgrace and hidden and the child I cannot call it anything else, abandoned. It is not the Church that decreed this, but the mother that could not have her family reputation tarnished.

@sunnyseacat6857

6 ай бұрын

Mental enslavement to the masses. This psychology is prevalent around the world - unwed youug women deemed such a threat for existing that they would be locked up somewhere and babies taken from them. There is a documentary online about African girls treated similarly.

I cant even begin to imagine what was in the minds of those nuns. Not just one of them had terrible errant thinking, but the whole lot of them subscribed to whatever it was. They were serving god by ensuring babies and children suffered all day long for ever more ? Or was it a holy act of punishing the oarents? The parents didnt even know about it so that wouldnt make sense. I give up , how did they make sense of this in their own minds? How can so many psychopaths become christians and find each other ?

@joansutton

5 ай бұрын

Satan is their teacher.

Children and mothers punished.. what about the fathers?

they died .starved, hypothermia as not heated, beaten, neglected

What gets me is the catholic Church Allowed this, Did this& How Could ppl Still follow the very Same Catholic church today????Shame 0n Everyone involved in this Heinous Evil......RIP TO EVERY PRECIOUS BABY THAT DIED IN THE HANDS OF THESE MONSTERS 👼🌸🕊🙏🥀✝️🦋⚘💔

Most of that is cat in cage stuff...

And they got away with all their madness, people who represent god. This is another example of why I want nothing to do with the catholic church. How those poor mothers and children suffered 😠 And what about the coward fathers? Hope karma caught them too.

❤

God bless Catherine. What a tragedy when children and women are discarded like garbage in the name of the Lord. God is not ashamed of them...religion is!!! Civilization is not so civilized.

This is so sad! Makes me hateCatholic Church, and the Current Pope

In the name of God!🤮

My mother was born Castlepollard mother and baby home in 1957

Why did they hide Islam from them? To be happy you don't have to be a king

It is evident that all this is part of an international catho-bashing. In Hitler's Germany similar stories have been presented to the public and later found to bee pure inventions. Do you not see how professionally these testimonials have been orchestrated ? A movie director must have put the entire show together.

@michaelpower4372

9 ай бұрын

They would line you up at the bottom of the stairs going to bed. Then they would take a cane and lash us the children across the legs to satisfy their lust to hurt children.

@mickelodiansurname9578

8 ай бұрын

As an irish person i would say your talking a load of bollocks

@michaelpower4372

8 ай бұрын

@@mickelodiansurname9578 I experience it I'm not Bullocking. You think is so shocking you can't bring yourself to believe it.

@red---paulvanravenswaay2247

5 ай бұрын

It's the Catholics who are bashing the Catholics, if a quarter of what they're saying is true, the whole thing needs to shut down.......... yesterday would be too late!!

Is life much better now? Thousands of unwanted babies are torn apart limb by limb in the womb at the request of mother. Why no outcry?

@kAt-jf4vq

Жыл бұрын

Nobody cares about those babies after they're born. So shut the fuck up. Women deserves abortion rights.

@Tipperary757

Жыл бұрын

Could you get off your high horse and focus on the current issue? What about all the unwanted children CURRENTLY alive - abused, neglected, addicted, with little happiness in their futures. Foster care is NOT healthy for a child. Life is hard, stop wanting to force women to have babies YOU are not prepared to raise or pay for.

@Tipperary757

Жыл бұрын

You totally missed the point of this film. Enjoy your holier-than-thou black/white approach to the world.

@LS-fe4ob

Жыл бұрын

I’ve grappled with the same issue myself and I’m not sure If have the answer. But second poster is right that that’s not really the point of the film in question

@mercedesmukati1451

Жыл бұрын

As far as I know women do not become pregnant by themselves. These holier than thou women ... It really is Misogyny dressed as " care for the unborn"

Lies. Do yer fn your research ,

Vile.