#rocks #typesofrocks #formationofigneousrocks
Types of Rock
what is rocks
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
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What is Rock?
A rock is a solid mass of geological materials. Geological materials include individual mineral crystals, inorganic non-mineral solids like glass, pieces broken from other rocks, and even fossils. A rock can be composed of only one type of geological material or mineral, but many are composed of several types.
Types of Rocks
Rocks are commonly divided into three major classes according to the processes that resulted in their formation. These classes are
(1) Igneous rocks, (2) Sedimentary rocks(3) Metamorphic rocks
Igneous rock
Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in either a planet's mantle . Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition.
Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at the Earth's surface, followed by cementation. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particles to settle in place. The particles that form a sedimentary rock are called sediment, and may be composed of geological detritus (minerals) and biological detritus (organic matter)
Metamorphic rocks
Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock (it may be a sedimentary, igneous, or existing metamorphic rock) to new types of rock, in a process called metamorphism. The original rock (protolith) is subjected to temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C (300 to 400 °F) and, often, elevated pressure greater than of 1500 bar, causing profound physical or chemical changes. During this process, the rock remains mostly in the solid state, but gradually recrystallizes to a new texture or mineral composition. Metamorphic rocks compose 27.4% of the crust by volume.
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