This $70,000 Water Cooled Beast - HOLY $H!T

Ғылым және технология

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Configure your dream AX server without a setup fee with Hetzner at
linustechtips.hetzner.com/en/s...
Want to render something super fast? Well EK just released a water cooled server that can do just that.
Discuss on the forum: linustechtips.com/topic/14520...
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MUSIC CREDIT
---------------------------------------------------
Intro: Laszlo - Supernova
Video Link: • [Electro] - Laszlo - S...
iTunes Download Link: itunes.apple.com/us/album/sup...
Artist Link: / laszlomusic
Outro: Approaching Nirvana - Sugar High
Video Link: • Sugar High - Approachi...
Listen on Spotify: spoti.fi/UxWkUw
Artist Link: / approachingnirvana
Intro animation by MBarek Abdelwassaa / mbarek_abdel
Monitor And Keyboard by vadimmihalkevich / CC BY 4.0 geni.us/PgGWp
Mechanical RGB Keyboard by BigBrotherECE / CC BY 4.0 geni.us/mj6pHk4
Mouse Gamer free Model By Oscar Creativo / CC BY 4.0 geni.us/Ps3XfE
CHAPTERS
---------------------------------------------------
0:00 - The God Slayer
0:27 - Hetzner!
0:40 - LTT Theme
0:50 - Unboxing a $70,000 computer XD
3:25 - Tour of the insides
6:13 - Quick swappable water cooling?
9:19 - Flow layout
10:31 - Fan controller
11:19 - Tubing, pumps, power, drives
14:33 - USB header troubles
15:43 - Reassemble, powering on
17:56 - Benchmarking
25:43 - Thermals, power supply redundancy
28:02 - Grammarly
29:07 - Outro

Пікірлер: 3 100

  • @LinusTechTips
    @LinusTechTips Жыл бұрын

    Thank you for watching! We’re writing all the time at work whether it’s emails, drafting up video scripts, etc. but having a tool like Grammarly will help improve your productivity and work more efficiently! It’s FREE, why not? Sign up for a FREE account and get 20% off Grammarly Premium: grammarly.com/LTT

  • @spookwagen-thegreat1350

    @spookwagen-thegreat1350

    Жыл бұрын

    Great watch as always. By the way are we going to get Linus Lift Tips anytime soon? His arms look ripped and I'd love to know his workout routine

  • @iliasiosifidis4532

    @iliasiosifidis4532

    Жыл бұрын

    @@spookwagen-thegreat1350 badminton

  • @DavideFalconi

    @DavideFalconi

    Жыл бұрын

    @@spookwagen-thegreat1350 Linus Workout Tips

  • @Jcewazhere

    @Jcewazhere

    Жыл бұрын

    Are kitten/cat claws hard enough to scratch LCD screens? For SCIENCE! you must do a video on this! plus the internet loves cat videos so think of that sweet sweet ad revenue :)

  • @Born2Legit

    @Born2Legit

    Жыл бұрын

    But can it run Crysis

  • @JerryRigEverything
    @JerryRigEverything Жыл бұрын

    I specifically said *do not* cut your fingers.

  • @BytefarmerBeats

    @BytefarmerBeats

    4 күн бұрын

    20 likes 💀

  • @huskkyy
    @huskkyy Жыл бұрын

    Hey! I work in the aerospace engineering field and we recently purchased about 12 xenowulf servers each with 5 GPUs for simulation work. They cut down our fluid works simulation times from HOURS to single digit minutes. We used to have kind of like a whiteboard schedule/queue for when someone wants to use the servers, now it’s just hit send to queue, even with a team of 50 or so people using it, you can go make a coffee, come back and the data is ready to be analysed and looked at. Absolutely absurd

  • @Kyomara1337

    @Kyomara1337

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you very much for the insight from someone that actually works with these machines. I'm just the guy that puts them in the rack and gets them ready so it's great to hear some user experience instead of only being able to appreciate the hardware.

  • @kuratchiminisuta

    @kuratchiminisuta

    Жыл бұрын

    HOURS TO MINUTES??? HOLY SHIT THAT'S FAST

  • @scottstewart3884

    @scottstewart3884

    Жыл бұрын

    Why would you admit to that???? LOL After all, If you were to have told your bosses it only cut the time by 1/2, and had some Spare time to do other stuff... Or, at the very least, you could start looking like Miracle workers... Boss : How long to finish this? Tech : Looks like about 3 hours... Boss : Damn it.. I need it for the conference call in 2 hours. >1 Hour 50 Minutes later insert Mumbo Jumbo< and got that thing done for you just now.... {in reality, you had it done long enough ago to have a coffee and donut break, as well as go to the bathroom.....}😋

  • @kannamustafa6043

    @kannamustafa6043

    Жыл бұрын

    @@scottstewart3884 and then the boss finds out and fires you........

  • @darrenfalconer3267

    @darrenfalconer3267

    Жыл бұрын

    @@scottstewart3884 smart people dont lie to boss, they enjoy the work they do and are happy to do it :)

  • @Matt-fl6ys
    @Matt-fl6ys Жыл бұрын

    1:01 That countdown before Linus knocks something off the desk... Great editing work there.

  • @therealmotherphuck
    @therealmotherphuck Жыл бұрын

    Nothing is more nerve racking than watching Linus lift heavy expensive things.

  • @AmKhaibitu

    @AmKhaibitu

    Жыл бұрын

    At least he realised he didn't got it this time.

  • @pulseweld

    @pulseweld

    Жыл бұрын

    THE PALLET STAYS IN THE GARAGE!

  • @SevenHunnid

    @SevenHunnid

    Жыл бұрын

    Hey brotha, I’m 20 years old grinding hard to get out the hood, I can’t be 30 with nothing to show for so i smoke weed on my youtube channel 💧

  • @edis0088

    @edis0088

    Жыл бұрын

    Facts

  • @KINGoftheHunters

    @KINGoftheHunters

    Жыл бұрын

    As if it was a FRICKING BLOCK OF MINECRAFT GOLD (1metre by 1metre by 1metre cube)

  • @TheOystei
    @TheOystei Жыл бұрын

    I think that 90 degree tubing is made as a 90 degree, like you find in a lot of automotive. straighening it out would be bending it.

  • @TarterSauce

    @TarterSauce

    Жыл бұрын

    Was gonna say that.

  • @D3M0NW01F

    @D3M0NW01F

    Жыл бұрын

    Same here was also going to say that

  • @ncrshane1919

    @ncrshane1919

    Жыл бұрын

    Yep, molded hose.

  • @Johnny2Gats

    @Johnny2Gats

    Жыл бұрын

    I was gonna say it looks like a radiator hose

  • @LDaz

    @LDaz

    Жыл бұрын

    Literally just came down here to comment this XD

  • @nashty94
    @nashty94 Жыл бұрын

    Any chance y'all could do a follow up with like a dreamworks or other studio that works with machines like this? This is insane!

  • @im.thatoneguy

    @im.thatoneguy

    Жыл бұрын

    Dreamworks etc don't generally use many GPUs. The scenes are too large to fit into VRAM.

  • @Outland9000

    @Outland9000

    Жыл бұрын

    Amazon web services. Some or most VFX companies do have their own data centres/servers but cloud is used where bandwidth permits. For example I believe Weta sent the data for Avatar 2 to a number of Australian based AWS centres to be rendered as Weta's own render server wasn't up to task.... Or at least not while working on other projects at the same time. I have heard it was about 18PB of data.

  • @markkealy4417

    @markkealy4417

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Outland9000 Genuinely at the scale were "sending a truck full of HDDs" might be faster

  • @srbuckles
    @srbuckles Жыл бұрын

    For machines like this you should really consider benchmarking Neural Network training, that's one of their major use cases and a place where you can truly see the scaling

  • @darktrongaming6665
    @darktrongaming6665 Жыл бұрын

    I remember when EK started and were advertising their water blocks on a local Slovenian forum. Crazy to think how far they've come.

  • @ShEsHy

    @ShEsHy

    Жыл бұрын

    Yeah, with cellphone camera images of brass fittings and stuff :). Absolutely amazing seeing them today.

  • @TitaniumEye

    @TitaniumEye

    Жыл бұрын

    At the time the general public perception around PC water cooling wasn't even "enthusiast", it was more "black magic toxic fumes inhaling crazy".

  • @therodyman700

    @therodyman700

    Жыл бұрын

    And now their patent of a superbasic watercooling parts blocks all competitors from competing with them in NA.

  • @domchu4897

    @domchu4897

    Жыл бұрын

    @@therodyman700 Are you sure you’re not talking about Asetek? They’re the one with the patent.

  • @McCutcheonci

    @McCutcheonci

    Жыл бұрын

    @@domchu4897 Asetek has the patent on AIO pumps, I don't know about patents on other water-cooling parts so he could be talking about something else.

  • @M4Inchan
    @M4Inchan Жыл бұрын

    23:53 So I actually work for an animation studio. We do use gaming components for individual machines simply because its cost-effective. When it comes to studio-wide rendering though, Epycs are the way to go

  • @revertfellpapyrusfandeunde4380

    @revertfellpapyrusfandeunde4380

    Жыл бұрын

    @1 Million With 0 Videos Challenge (Day 20) I didn't lolll

  • @spacepxl

    @spacepxl

    Жыл бұрын

    Similar here, we have a big mix of systems that were built at different times, but most of the artist workstations are single xeon + Quadro with a ton of RAM. Render farm is some of those, including idle workstations, and a smaller number of beefier systems for the really heavy renders and sims. Realistically, most renders can be completed on a normal workstation in a reasonable amount of time, so the path to speed is parallelization, not faster individual systems. Some of the fastest servers are actually split into multiple virtual render nodes to run multiple renders in parallel (especially for 2d comp renders) As they noticed here in some of the benchmarks, startup time can take longer than the render time on a very powerful system, as it can't be scaled across very large numbers of cores as effectively as the sampling process. So beyond a certain point, it's faster to stack multiple renders than it is to dedicate the whole machine to a single render at a time.

  • @animationmann6612

    @animationmann6612

    Жыл бұрын

    What stuff do you animate ?

  • @animationmann6612

    @animationmann6612

    Жыл бұрын

    What stuff do you animate ?

  • @bgtubber

    @bgtubber

    Жыл бұрын

    ​@1 Million With 0 Videos Challenge (Day 20) Ok, I won't!

  • @xSKOOBSx
    @xSKOOBSx Жыл бұрын

    The fan controller likely looks at component temperatures and adjusts pump speed as well. When components get hot you need to increase flow rates but may not need to increase fan speed. Fan speed would be entirely dependent on the coolant temperature.

  • @trevalyon8610
    @trevalyon8610 Жыл бұрын

    Linus: "Come with me and check out this super expensive, highly-cooled piece of server infrastructure" Alex: Me: "Oh boy! "

  • @occamsrazor1285
    @occamsrazor1285 Жыл бұрын

    9:17 In the automotive worls, we actually "stack" "heat exchangers" all the time. Radiators, AC condensers, oil coolers and even front-mount intercoolers all get stacked quite often. Works just fine.

  • @Pippy1

    @Pippy1

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes and no, u tend to lose a lot of efficiency because air doesnt want to flow through all of them but there isnt much of a choice with cars

  • @jonny6702

    @jonny6702

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Pippy1 Yeah, no. I just can't possibly believe that when you're driving down the highway with 75mph of airflow passing through your radiator, that stacking them would change the efficiency in any meaningful way. Prove me wrong.

  • @takumifujiwara6277

    @takumifujiwara6277

    Жыл бұрын

    @@jonny6702 air seeks the path of the least resistance. Whether at 10mph or 200mph, if the resistance of all the stacked heat-exchangers is too big, the air will simply go around and find another way. ;)

  • @diamondblack3776

    @diamondblack3776

    Жыл бұрын

    just don't integrate radiators like ford australia did in 2003 falcon range...

  • @cl4ster17

    @cl4ster17

    Жыл бұрын

    Heavily depends on air flow and the desired temperature of each radiator.

  • @maik5825
    @maik5825 Жыл бұрын

    11:18 These tubes are "molded hoses" and often used in the automotive area. They are produced in this shape and keep it forever.

  • @raze4789

    @raze4789

    Жыл бұрын

    Was about to say, looks a lot like molded automotive hose for heater cores.

  • @BritneyStinson
    @BritneyStinson Жыл бұрын

    im looking forward to seeing this on LGR in like 25 years

  • @epicpc
    @epicpc Жыл бұрын

    24:40 We must have got lucky, we had 20 CPUs to pick from... Want to try the 7763 with water cooling in the future. Awesome video as always Linus !

  • @iliasiosifidis4532
    @iliasiosifidis4532 Жыл бұрын

    @Linus, if you wanna check the pure render without the assets loading time (on Blender), got to Render properties> Performance> Final Rendrer and enable Persistent Data, so the next time you ll run the benchmark, they will be loaded already (hurts the ram a liitle bit)

  • @kuttispielt7801

    @kuttispielt7801

    Жыл бұрын

    Not that they don’t have enough RAM

  • @iliasiosifidis4532

    @iliasiosifidis4532

    Жыл бұрын

    @@kuttispielt7801 XD

  • @iliasiosifidis4532

    @iliasiosifidis4532

    Жыл бұрын

    Since taht comment got some friction, IF you want to stretch the render, go render animation and not render image (ctrl+f12)

  • @BurnsRubber

    @BurnsRubber

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes, most of the GPU render time will be transferring data in to VRAM. The actual CUDA calculation will be a fraction of that.

  • @iliasiosifidis4532

    @iliasiosifidis4532

    Жыл бұрын

    @@BurnsRubber also studios use a6000 for many reasons including use optix and not cuda, but that's another story

  • @1.618_Murphy
    @1.618_Murphy Жыл бұрын

    Corsair: *“Stacking up radiators like that doesn't work!”* EK: *“Challenge accepted!”*

  • @Steamrick

    @Steamrick

    Жыл бұрын

    It's all a question of airflow - and Linus did say that those radiators are low fin density, so they're high airflow optimized.

  • @kevinmarsh8835

    @kevinmarsh8835

    Жыл бұрын

    Stacking radiators doesn't work because at some point the air temperature in the stack equalizes with the water temperature. Especially if the radiators are running in serial. These 3 appear to be running in parallel so the water temp won't drop off and those fans are probably in the 3000 rpm range which means there is so much airflow screaming through the radiators that the air has no chance to get heat soaked.

  • @frankvanrijn964

    @frankvanrijn964

    Жыл бұрын

    EK: hold my beer! 😀

  • @Kittsuera

    @Kittsuera

    Жыл бұрын

    well i think its "it doesn't make it any cooler" but if you need more surface area in that configuration its not any hotter and takes up far less space.

  • @wobblysauce

    @wobblysauce

    Жыл бұрын

    @@kevinmarsh8835 in the video he said they were running at 1600, but could max at 6000rpm

  • @kidsalex13
    @kidsalex13 Жыл бұрын

    6:50 I've been using EK's "old" aluminum 240mm fluid gaming kit since like 2017, and upgraded it to 240mm + 120mm, and even upgraded to ryzen from my old core i5 2320 that i started overclocking using this kit. It's been amazing all these years, and i change out the fluid once a year, havent had a problem with leaks, overheating, or any other problems you could have with old watercooling setups

  • @Tho66
    @Tho66 Жыл бұрын

    Im in awe Thank you guys for the exciting and much more value content you provide

  • @Nabee_H
    @Nabee_H Жыл бұрын

    Anything expensive this man touches shakes me to my core

  • @zulutgseta8276

    @zulutgseta8276

    Жыл бұрын

    Thumbnail is like Ek Gold pc

  • @pirojfmifhghek566

    @pirojfmifhghek566

    Жыл бұрын

    I come to LTT specifically for the tech gore.

  • @zulutgseta8276

    @zulutgseta8276

    Жыл бұрын

    Bot nxjdbhh Bot

  • @alphalfanighjiria8239

    @alphalfanighjiria8239

    Жыл бұрын

    And Many of us watch for those moments of things been dropped

  • @ashleylycan9335
    @ashleylycan9335 Жыл бұрын

    6:03 Alex: Its just 12V, it can't hurt you. Linus: You could probably start a fire? Alex: You gotta be trying pretty hard. NZXT: *sweating* 👀

  • @RoryStarr

    @RoryStarr

    Жыл бұрын

    Also, 12 V isn't necessarily safe. It depends on the amperage and there's no way this thing isn't beefy with amps.

  • @demoniack81

    @demoniack81

    Жыл бұрын

    @@RoryStarr Completely wrong. It doesn't matter how many amps the power supply is capable of providing, you need voltage to drive current through a given load. A car battery can easily deliver 800A while cranking, but it will never give you even the slightest shock, in the same way that it will not only _not obliterate_ a 230V light bulb (which can only handle 500mA at most), but in fact won't even get anywhere close to _turning it on._ Something like a capacitive dropper connected to a 230V supply might only be able to deliver 50mA, but it will still kill you because 30mA are enough to stop your heart.

  • @slartibartfasttynsol420

    @slartibartfasttynsol420

    Жыл бұрын

    You won't get a shock, but Linus was right - heating is current squared times the resistance, so you drop a screw in the wrong place and there will be a lot of hot. I have seen a spanner melt like a fuse on a big 24v truck battery when it hit bodywork while tightening a bolt on the busbar - welded itself to the bodywork then just melted. Not great for the battery.

  • @RoryStarr

    @RoryStarr

    Жыл бұрын

    @@demoniack81 I don't see how your description equals "completely wrong". A MOSFET can have extraordinarily high voltage and do nothing to a person. I'll agree that it's an interplay--both matter.

  • @ekkekrosing8454

    @ekkekrosing8454

    11 ай бұрын

    @@RoryStarr wasn't it the amount of power + enough voltage to get through the skin? Not sure

  • @randomblogger2835
    @randomblogger2835 Жыл бұрын

    That small 90 degree tube is probably an automotive part, that comes bent 90 degrees from the factory. (if so it's synthetic rubber reinforced with nylon string) I was disappointed that you guys didn't raid the cooling system parts bin at Princess Auto or Canadian Tire before your car radiator PC video, there would have been parts there that could have joined your hoses up without leaks,

  • @Revoku
    @Revoku Жыл бұрын

    the 90 degree bend is automotive coolant hose, usually used for heater core/heater valve/bypass situations

  • @Devo_gx
    @Devo_gx Жыл бұрын

    "This is like, perfect cat bed temperature right now." The thought of using a $70,000 server as a cat bed just cracked me up!

  • @thekevinager5294

    @thekevinager5294

    Жыл бұрын

    yeah and the thought of a cat sleeping on a server this noisy

  • @kylel8605

    @kylel8605

    Жыл бұрын

    @@thekevinager5294 noise ain't stopping no pussy

  • @thekevinager5294

    @thekevinager5294

    Жыл бұрын

    @@kylel8605 unless it’s from a vacuum

  • @nikofabic5721

    @nikofabic5721

    Жыл бұрын

    Npc ahh comment

  • @agsechogd6406

    @agsechogd6406

    11 ай бұрын

    npc

  • @CalvinBacon
    @CalvinBacon Жыл бұрын

    In Animation, when dealing with these kinds of rendering speeds you'd probably want to optimize the scene and make sure that the 3D assets are cached in memory, so they don't need to be loaded again and again for every single frame. Once the assets are loaded and cached, you I only need to wait for the actual rendering to finish, so even the 60s gooseberry render would drop to 15sec l

  • @SIRTACONATOR007

    @SIRTACONATOR007

    Жыл бұрын

    Also baking textures should give a massive boost in performance

  • @Kitty-oy5nj

    @Kitty-oy5nj

    Жыл бұрын

    reload per frame ? is it that badly coded

  • @FractalParadox

    @FractalParadox

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Kitty-oy5nj no, it's correctly designed. 3d models, shaders, particle systems, simulations , lighting conditions, those are all things that CAN change from a frame to the next. Part of the science of optimization is knowing what can be baked and what can't. An example are simulation files. You would usually simulate on houdini, import as a sequence of .vdb files and for every frame, there's a new file that needs to be loaded. Maybe you can cache the whole sequence on memory, if you are dealing with servers like this, but if you are a peasant, one of the biggest factors for render times besides the render itself is the reading speed of your storage

  • @mriganksutariya3256

    @mriganksutariya3256

    Жыл бұрын

    I think the animation studios know what they are doing…

  • @simonk.2969

    @simonk.2969

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Kitty-oy5nj There is an option to load the full scene to VRAM but the cost is increase in VRAM usage. VRAM is mission critical in GPU rendering and hence is in the interest of the artist to conserve it.

  • @TheMasterTommy
    @TheMasterTommy Жыл бұрын

    Might have missed something, but as far as i can see the design of the machine forces air in from the front and pushes it to the back. Benchmarking it with the side panel off seems to me to mess up the cooling performance? Edit: Nevermind, saw the side panel go back on at 26:50

  • @StxrryBoi
    @StxrryBoi Жыл бұрын

    that transition to the sponsor was so smooth i almost slipped

  • @FoxSaneko
    @FoxSaneko Жыл бұрын

    LTT actually can get some projects to render VFX from corridor digital if they down to share or make collab to create some heavy renders.

  • @Trithis2077

    @Trithis2077

    Жыл бұрын

    Now that'd be interesting. I do know they have someone in The Lab who's working on a really intence GPU test, but that's more for testing singular GPUs for gaming.

  • @Trithis2077

    @Trithis2077

    Жыл бұрын

    @@toseltreps1101 Look, if there is anything I learned from programming, it's that you don't have to spell well, just consistantly.

  • @nghty89
    @nghty89 Жыл бұрын

    I absolutely love watching you guys discover enterprise grade hardware/ways of doing things in recent videos. Something to consider (talking about that fan controller not being able to interact with the system directly) - management connections/items are usually handled in a completely separate network section (considered "Out Of Band", whether it be separate switches or just separate vlans). Definitely helps separate data traffic from management traffic and potential vectors. Please keep up the amazing content!

  • @gordowg1wg145

    @gordowg1wg145

    Жыл бұрын

    Quite! The guys and gals using it don't care about the actual hardware just that it does the job they're using it for, whereas The Admin' actually looking after the hardware don't care what it's used for.

  • @synapse187
    @synapse187 Жыл бұрын

    Dreamworks released their MoonRay renderer for public use. Renderman is also avaliable since you mentioned wanting to test production rendering.

  • @nachoman472
    @nachoman472 Жыл бұрын

    8:18 linus about to have the drop test on something worth more than my car

  • @simonk.2969
    @simonk.2969 Жыл бұрын

    23:52 The reason gaming hardware mostly doesn't cut it is VRAM. These pro GPUs can hit hundreds of Gigabytes Nvilinked while gaming hardware will max out at 48GB with 3090s. VRAM is critical for GPU rendering as production scenes can hit 150GB + in VRAM.

  • @msavasacar

    @msavasacar

    Жыл бұрын

    Yeah i knew one viz artist needed tb of vram for project (and they actually did the project).

  • @drkastenbrot

    @drkastenbrot

    Жыл бұрын

    luckily many renders support out-of-core now, where they can partially render scenes and rely on regular ram or even disk memory for scene storage. it comes with a substantial performance penalty though.

  • @mitlanderson

    @mitlanderson

    Жыл бұрын

    @@msavasacar how many A6000s was that?

  • @whitekong316

    @whitekong316

    Жыл бұрын

    @@mitlanderson all of them

  • @msavasacar

    @msavasacar

    Жыл бұрын

    @@mitlanderson They did not specify but i know they got sponsored by either Google or Nvidia, they maybe provided acces to a render farm etc. But i dont think they used rtx quadro.

  • @amateurwizard
    @amateurwizard Жыл бұрын

    "I can't believe you've done this", how dare you make my dreams look small 😆. Love the vid, industry hardware is my thing and this is one of the few times you guys make a vid on that topic that doesn't directly relate to LMG.

  • @aepfelpfluecker

    @aepfelpfluecker

    Жыл бұрын

    @1 Million With 0 Videos Challenge (Day 20) bot

  • @MicroageHD
    @MicroageHD Жыл бұрын

    I have an Eheim 1046. It's been running multiple hours for 20 years in my watercooled PCs. Never had a problem, still running strong.

  • @afiqfilmexp
    @afiqfilmexp Жыл бұрын

    This video is so amazing. It peek into what computer / computational works business operations spend around 50-100k USD. I can ballpark mechanical manufacturing machine. But tech beast, is another beast I never know!

  • @FrietjeOorlog
    @FrietjeOorlog Жыл бұрын

    Alex: *"It's only 12 volt. You can't hurt yourself with 12 volt DC"* A wrench across car battery terminals: *"Let me introduce myself!"*

  • @gacikpl

    @gacikpl

    Жыл бұрын

    Yeah i think thesame. 4kW on 12v it alot of amps, without protection in those power suply, molten magma could Flow in seconds.

  • @DanKaschel

    @DanKaschel

    Жыл бұрын

    @@gacikpl It’s just 1kW per connector though, right?

  • @gacikpl

    @gacikpl

    Жыл бұрын

    @@DanKaschel dunno whats inside, but Alex pulled one power this probably sugest one 12V rail.

  • @TatsuZZmage

    @TatsuZZmage

    Жыл бұрын

    Remember the NZXT H1 pcie riser caught fire when its 12v line shorted only just enough to get hot but not trip most PSU short circut protections.

  • @leviathanx0815

    @leviathanx0815

    Жыл бұрын

    It is actually the current that hurts and kills....

  • @delijasasevera2212
    @delijasasevera2212 Жыл бұрын

    This is automotive grade tubing, where tubes are molded in particular shape when needed, like that short 90° angle.

  • @tildessmoo
    @tildessmoo Жыл бұрын

    About the flexible tubing that holds its shape in tight bends, it's not a new concept at all, though applying it to computer water cooling might be, and it makes me think Alex wasn't joking about using automotive parts. That's actually pretty typical of automotive coolant hoses, and sometimes other fluid hoses, which is why you often need to buy a specific part rather than just get some appropriately-sized tubing and cut and bend it to fit if the hoses in your car needs replacing. Just ask me how much fun that is when a transmission cooler line springs a leak... Anyway, they tend to be multilayered, with synthetic rubber on the outside and polyester fiber reinforcement pretty much in the middle, but I'm not entirely certain what goes into the other layers.

  • @BouncingBiscuts
    @BouncingBiscuts Жыл бұрын

    Watching Linus benchmark products is akin to how I imagine gear heads feel at the drag strip watching new fast cars take some runs

  • @insu_na
    @insu_na Жыл бұрын

    Getting a similar one to this at work soon (not water cooled unfortunately :( ) but 2 Epycs and 8 40GB A100s! What a time to be alive

  • @dazaaaa.lolllfn

    @dazaaaa.lolllfn

    Жыл бұрын

    how much is it?

  • @gusztavferenczi4773

    @gusztavferenczi4773

    Жыл бұрын

    What field are you working in?

  • @HeNryous

    @HeNryous

    Жыл бұрын

    Lead times are soooo long, we sell these but not with watercooling… hope you‘ll get it very soon :)

  • @insu_na

    @insu_na

    Жыл бұрын

    @@dazaaaa.lolllfn way too much 😢they could hire 2 of me for a year for the price

  • @insu_na

    @insu_na

    Жыл бұрын

    @@gusztavferenczi4773 Deep Learning

  • @user-gh1ip9nr6r
    @user-gh1ip9nr6r Жыл бұрын

    Dang, I'm very happy that the "HOLY $H!T" series are back and are released quite often. Thanks, LTT!

  • @Aepek
    @Aepek Жыл бұрын

    11:47 looks like tubing from a car or industrial commercial hvac for factories/plants. So cool to see, and those PSUs are nifty as is the modularity if fails and just swap in new one 👍🏻

  • @darkcardking
    @darkcardking4 ай бұрын

    For those that are curious, the usb on that vga to hdmi is for audio. VGA does not transmit audio.

  • @lukeperryglover
    @lukeperryglover Жыл бұрын

    The look on Linus' face when he found out that Nvidia can be easy to work with hahaha (I wouldn't believe it either). Also, Ah EK knows Linus too well, sending him it with Windows 10.

  • @vicmac3513

    @vicmac3513

    Жыл бұрын

    They promised long time ago that every LMG server will be Linux-based, but it was bs.

  • @jbritain

    @jbritain

    Жыл бұрын

    @@vicmac3513 this isn't a server they're using, they sent it to him with Windows on it because that's what they run all their benchmarks on. All of their file servers are Linux AFAIK

  • @PanzerDragoon09

    @PanzerDragoon09

    Жыл бұрын

    *Cue Vietnam flashbacks

  • @goldenhate6649

    @goldenhate6649

    Жыл бұрын

    @@vicmac3513 They also directly state in the video that it can be loaded with linux or windows server depending on consumer choice. They just wanted their hardware back in one piece after ltt was done.

  • @YaBoyFry
    @YaBoyFry Жыл бұрын

    everyone : uses lbs or kg to measure weight Linus : "its really heavy" *drops really expensive device*, *thud* "see it makes that sound. " 👀👀👀

  • @whitekong316

    @whitekong316

    Жыл бұрын

    He has to give it the Linus test too though.

  • @YaBoyFry

    @YaBoyFry

    Жыл бұрын

    @@whitekong316 yeah, it wouldn't be a Linus review without a drop or 2. Lol.

  • @Skylancer727
    @Skylancer727 Жыл бұрын

    About the aluminum fins. Copper is a much better conductor of heat, but aluminum has better abilities to wick heat away into the air. So in theory the best possible heat sink or radiators would be either aluminum or aluminum coated copper.

  • @PhilJohn1980
    @PhilJohn1980 Жыл бұрын

    Hey LTT, if you like that controller for the water cooling, check out the Aquaero 6 LT ... same idea (onboard SoC running things) and Aquasuite allows you to do some funky tuning of fans and pump based on sensor inputs.

  • @jordanwhitecar1982
    @jordanwhitecar1982 Жыл бұрын

    the whole "frames per second" thing for animation studios is mind boggling. for reference, it took on average 29 hours to render each frame of monsters inc. 29 hours. to get 1/30th of a second of footage.

  • @DistrosProjects

    @DistrosProjects

    Жыл бұрын

    You sure?? That’s over 500 years for the whole movie.

  • @stephen9894

    @stephen9894

    Жыл бұрын

    @@DistrosProjects they can be done in parallel. Similar to how you'd set up this machine that can do something like 400 frames per minute, you'd have multiple of them to reduce the total render time down.

  • @jeratzel

    @jeratzel

    Жыл бұрын

    I don't think your numbers are quite right. Monster Inc is 1 hour 36 min long. That is 96 min or 5760 seconds long. Assuming it was animated a 30 fps then that is 172800 frames to animate. If each one took on average 29 hours to render, then it would've taken 5011200 hours to animate fully, and that's over 572 years.

  • @thebadger4955

    @thebadger4955

    Жыл бұрын

    @@jeratzel they would have had entire server farms working in parallel. They wouldn’t have had to do one frame then the next.

  • @jaccetaylor3672

    @jaccetaylor3672

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Aikano9 they would run multiple servers run parallel to each other to reduce time

  • @Al_KR_t
    @Al_KR_t Жыл бұрын

    When rendering in blender you can press "render animation" and all the frames after first one are gonna be showing pure gpu perfomance without waiting for assets to load.

  • @SebastianFiele
    @SebastianFiele Жыл бұрын

    Nice. I always come back if i have the feeling i did something good. This brings me down to earth and reminds me my PC is utter crap and i have to be ashamed of it

  • @Amir_404
    @Amir_404 Жыл бұрын

    Copper/brass coolant systems are actually the middle budget option. Aluminum fins can be much thinner which results a much higher surface area for the radiators. You can also use a much thinner layer of metal on the bottom of the water block. Copper is used because it allows for cruder manufacturing. What you often see in consumer PC parts is thick machined aluminum which is worse than copper.

  • @da_SpiffR
    @da_SpiffR Жыл бұрын

    I just LOOOOVE these kind of uber crazy computers. That 46 degree value is still wigging me out. What a piece of engineering. Thanks for the video; I really enjoyed it! Big thumbs up.

  • @functiongarage
    @functiongarage Жыл бұрын

    I've been in enterprise for a long time, and what everyone needs to remember is in a Data Center facility you have cold and hot rows so temp management is even better. Ecstatic to see water-cooling becoming mainstream for servers.

  • @dieseltechgamez6776
    @dieseltechgamez6776 Жыл бұрын

    8:27 Alex frustration level = 10000

  • @thatdude2212
    @thatdude2212 Жыл бұрын

    Coming from the automotive world, seeing aluminum radiators and formed rubber hoses is completely normal haha. Aluminum conducts heat very well and dissipates it very fast too, basically all high performance automotive radiators are aluminum. They have to keep an internal combustion engine cool at temps above the boiling point of water, meaning the hoses have to hold at least 1 bar of pressure as well. So basically all cooling hoses or heater hoses are reinforced with either steel, nylon or kevlar mesh. That hose at @11:30 looks like any old automotive heater hose you'd see coming off a thermostat housing on most japanese cars from the 80s on up, kinda neat to see!

  • @BBROPHOTO
    @BBROPHOTO Жыл бұрын

    I can never get enough of the Linus x Alex combo! The videos are always top tier... in a janky, but somehow it works, way - I LOVE I

  • @TechDunk
    @TechDunk Жыл бұрын

    Glad this series is more active again. Love the crazy stuff y'all can get

  • @tippyc2
    @tippyc2 Жыл бұрын

    Stacking radiators does in fact work just fine as long as there's enough airflow. I have a system that runs on 2 single-120 radiators sandwiched around a single noctua ippc-3000 fan. It holds temp just fine but does get a bit noisy if it's running hard.

  • @uncooked_ham
    @uncooked_ham Жыл бұрын

    I bought one of these yesterday, nice little backup in case my main rig goes down.

  • @mephistoxd2627
    @mephistoxd2627 Жыл бұрын

    23:56 the reason why they wouldn't deploy gaming PCs is (apart from the reliability thing) that Gaming PCs typically don't have the memory capacity to hold the rendering assets in system memory. Iirc just the texture size of the Millenium Falcon that was used to render the Star Wars Sequels was about 400 GB. The performance of the PC would be abysmal if it had to render something like that, because it would have to swap to the SSD.

  • @StargateurBis

    @StargateurBis

    Жыл бұрын

    you could just build a thing with 1 gpu and lot of ram, but that true they must be a ratio on "cost of one machine" versus "cost of mega system with lot of gpu but shared CPU motherboard ram etc".

  • @Kitty-oy5nj

    @Kitty-oy5nj

    Жыл бұрын

    and then they add motion blur to the final cut, making it pointless

  • @Ikxi

    @Ikxi

    Жыл бұрын

    @@StargateurBis well.... if the gpu takes the data from ram it's also gonna be slower

  • @Ikxi

    @Ikxi

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Kitty-oy5nj No! Actually not. You still have to model and texture things realistically and believable even when you blur them. If you don't and then blur, it can look uncanny, fake, bad quality. So yea, making it actually look real is necessary. (I got that from a Corridor Crew video where they had a VFX artist from Iron Man 2(?). There was an underwater scene with tons of rubble and that rubble was all very blurry because of the murky water, but they still had realistic rubble, even if you couldn't see it)

  • @Obsidian762
    @Obsidian762 Жыл бұрын

    EK beast server: "Do you want to see me render?" Also EK beast server: "Want to see me do it again?"

  • @MincraftEgo
    @MincraftEgo Жыл бұрын

    Lol, i knew that hetzner was expanding to the us, but seeing the ads in linus tech tips is just mad. At the end - made in germany - is the best ;)

  • @K31TH3R
    @K31TH3R Жыл бұрын

    I bought the D5 pump (Laing D5 vario) currently in my PC from DangerDen in 2004. It's turning 18 years old this October. The potentiometer failed about 8 years ago, so the pump was stuck at the lowest RPM setting, so I just soldered a jumper wire and bypassed the pot so it always runs at max RPM, and it just keeps on truckin'. The key to keeping a D5 around indefinitely is running ethylene glycol based automotive coolant. I use Valvoline Zerex at a 10/90 ratio to reverse osmosis filtered water. Also, never run any of the PC specific premix sold by Koolance, EK etc. if you want your D5 to last. They're primarily based on propylene glycol and lack the lubricating additives that automotive coolants have, and most of them start breaking down after 6-12 months and gunking up the pump if you're not religious about changing it out. In comparison, I went 8 years running the same Valvoline Zerex mixture, and my loop still looked brand new inside when I overhauled it.

  • @Joshua82PDX
    @Joshua82PDX Жыл бұрын

    They don't need to run it that fast, that's just what they're getting" Well that is basically describing every PC enthusiast ever.

  • @stapuft
    @stapuft Жыл бұрын

    i have one of those vga to hdmi cables, the usb is both for power, and audio. you need to install the drivers to get it to work properly, and the actual connection inside the cable is weak as heck, so keep the cable itself immobilized, and crap unless you want your video to cut out all the time.

  • @josephjoyce2833

    @josephjoyce2833

    Жыл бұрын

    Booting up a system after cleaning with this cable is soo damn frustrating due to constant display error.

  • @stapuft

    @stapuft

    Жыл бұрын

    @@josephjoyce2833 and after it frizzes out a few times windows joins in and starts having errors with it, disabling it until you completely unplug it, uninstall its drivers, and re install them, then plug it back in.....like its loads of hastle, i had to get a new one, to replace the old one, and i just kept it wire wrapped up, and protected it further with a few layers of duct tape, so now it less of a short cable, and more of a fat, squat brick, and when i clean, i just turn everything off for a few minutes.

  • @TheDeadmanTV
    @TheDeadmanTV Жыл бұрын

    8:43 the fact that someone has left tape hanging off the roll on the wall is bugging me 😂

  • @1981danielmn
    @1981danielmn Жыл бұрын

    if you guys would render an image sequence instead of a frame you could see the acutal render time without asset loading time. Usually asset loading itme is a 1 time occurance that happens at the beginging of the render sequence and is almost all base on drive speed and io speed. Once loaded, its loaded in ram is way more effecient and you will see more consistent render times.

  • @minimaleffort1374
    @minimaleffort1374 Жыл бұрын

    12:00 in the walls of this tubing is fabrik wich helps it with noch stretching and ripping. It also is used in Automotive uses and sometimes as tubing for presurised air on trucks/lories.

  • @slurpe_ee
    @slurpe_ee Жыл бұрын

    yknow when something is so good at a thing that it seems unimpressive how good it is. that's how this felt, no issues, just performance. good on ek for making their perfect server boring. no, really.

  • @UNSCPILOT

    @UNSCPILOT

    Жыл бұрын

    and the screaming loud volume of the cooling system, you know something is truely built for power when it doesn't care how loud it gets

  • @CrazyCat229
    @CrazyCat229 Жыл бұрын

    It looks like the cooler for a race car, or at least that kind of slide-out and replaceable. NEAT!

  • @Kaneem
    @Kaneem Жыл бұрын

    I loved this review of this machine. You guys work so nicely together.

  • @anunexpectede5566
    @anunexpectede5566 Жыл бұрын

    I love the way Linus says "check this out" like he knows he's about to blow your mind with some cool thing he just noticed about whatever project he's working on

  • @kanbak
    @kanbak Жыл бұрын

    I loved the joke Linus made referencing him breaking Linux in less then 1 hour. They must watch his videos.

  • @HikingFeral
    @HikingFeral7 ай бұрын

    Delrin is a great material, I have loads of delrin drip tips for my vapes and they out last other plastic and even some metal tips by years. Metal ends up minging and the plastic ones almost always go brittle and shatter.

  • @enniopelliccia3844
    @enniopelliccia3844 Жыл бұрын

    You should go to a production studio that uses these kind of machines and ask them how they are improving their work and lives (less time spent rendering = more free time)

  • @gamingmarcus

    @gamingmarcus

    Жыл бұрын

    The answer is not at all. Visual artists in movie, just like game studios are whipped into 24/7 crunch time. Having zero downtime between renders sure as hell doesn't make their life more comfortable.

  • @C-M-E

    @C-M-E

    Жыл бұрын

    I can give you a rough benchmark. Even five years ago, studios were still committed to pure CPU render farms utilizing (on average) 10,000 cores to do runs. When the GPU Render Boxes started coming along, usually five units daisy chained together, we did a prior sequence that previously took 4 months to do on pure CPU and completed it over a weekend! It was still a lot of work in scaling texture maps and lots of PBR light rigs to fit within the confines of available GPU ram, but the Massive increase in rendering efficiency blew my mind. This kind of setup would be run by several render wranglers, each tasked with doing a set of runs with each utilizing a central rack. Larger studios would have 10 of these with dedicated cooling rooms that hold the ambient air temp below 50*F, even in the max heat of a Texas summer for instance. You would have to wear a winter coat to do your setups.

  • @chinz9699

    @chinz9699

    Жыл бұрын

    @@C-M-E why would anyone need to be in the server room to do any work? That's why we have a farm and submit tasks to it...

  • @fridaycaliforniaa236
    @fridaycaliforniaa236 Жыл бұрын

    I love the editing of the recent videos. Always some nice touches by the editors ^^

  • @logannewman4532
    @logannewman4532 Жыл бұрын

    That tight 90° bend is almost certainly a preformed hose. I buy formed hoses for automotive and industrial cooling applications all the time.

  • @jonathandv81
    @jonathandv81 Жыл бұрын

    Now that machine is a work of art simple looking but elegant workmanship. But then Linus goes and dismantles the thing not paying attention and forgetting where things go, and what could possibly go wrong. Dude, you make me anxious, from dropping to trying to slap things back together. Thank goodness there is footage to back track what you did.🤣🤣

  • @yousefimran124
    @yousefimran124 Жыл бұрын

    That has to be the most beautiful most organized backplate view I've ever seen on an OEM. Even my OCD approves

  • @Christopher-tt6qs

    @Christopher-tt6qs

    Жыл бұрын

    Mine doesn't cause the mobo is green

  • @xenowulf3620

    @xenowulf3620

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks.

  • @cdburner5911
    @cdburner5911 Жыл бұрын

    9:50 If you think about a pump pressure-flow curve, they are more or less a straight line between the max pressure 0 flow, and max flow 0 pressure. When you put them in series, you scale it vertically, and when you put them parallel you scale it horizontally. The system will also have a pressure-flow curve, but tilted the other direction, where it starts at 0 pressure 0 flow, and as you increase flow the required pressure increases. If you superimpose the pump and system curves, where they intersect is the flow you get. It would depend on how restrictive the system is as to whether parallel or series would result in higher flow. Another consideration is with series, if one fails, it can pump through the other one, but in parallel, you need to add check valves so the flow doesn't short circuit if one fails. And as for stacking radiators, it all has to do with the airflow. If you are limited by the airflow, ie, using normal PC fans, the air will reach near water temps overt the first rad, and then beyond that it can't pick up much more heat, but if you got the industrial finger chopper fans, then there is sufficient mass flow of air that it doesn't heat up too much as it passes the first rad, and therefor the 2nd rad still has a good TD and can transfer a decent amount of heat.

  • @xyddum2918
    @xyddum2918 Жыл бұрын

    This thing is ripping through these tests like the grim reaper in the middle of a plague, DEAR GOD IS IT FAST!

  • @dylanstorts4327
    @dylanstorts4327 Жыл бұрын

    There were a ton more render tests used on this one, loved it!

  • @ilarikauppi3319
    @ilarikauppi3319 Жыл бұрын

    Well, putting pumps in series does result the sum of pump heads if the flow remains the same. However, to get the performance in a real-life system, you need to follow the second stage pump curve to the point were it meets the system curve. That will yield a higher flow and lower head.

  • @Schalari
    @Schalari Жыл бұрын

    Every future Trainee ever in their Office: I want to be like Linus. Everybody else in the Office:Please don't!

  • @dgo4490
    @dgo4490 Жыл бұрын

    When you have ample volume to sink heat it you can use aluminum, copper is barely any better at heat conductivity, but it costs more and is more reactive, expressive and heavier.

  • @rageshot4352
    @rageshot4352 Жыл бұрын

    Got a pulse way ad with linus in it, and I legit thought it was part of the video at first😂😂

  • @TheNerogarden
    @TheNerogarden Жыл бұрын

    I would love to watch one of the engineers reacting to this video. With video like these I allways keep imagining the pain in the face of the engineers

  • @LainK1978

    @LainK1978

    Жыл бұрын

    Eh, I think that they wouldn't be that worried about it, they have likely done worse to it already.

  • @TheNerogarden

    @TheNerogarden

    Жыл бұрын

    @@LainK1978 What they do inside the office no one cares, what Linus does in front of a camera, the world will see. It's different.

  • @sckid1212

    @sckid1212

    Жыл бұрын

    @@LainK1978 As one of the engineers, when he started touching the Fan Controller with no ESD strap I had to bite my lip and not weep a little. Looked like he touched right on the aluminum electrolytic capacitor for the 12V rail.... ok everything has ESD protection but really ... really ... This video was great and alot of fun also the Xenowulf machines across all the product lines are amazing. The Xenowulf lab is GEEK HEAVEN.

  • @DavidBezemer
    @DavidBezemer Жыл бұрын

    6:00 Supermicro also has conversion boards for all hot-swappable PSUs in their servers

  • @samthemule1063
    @samthemule10635 ай бұрын

    the psu setup is called a power distribution board, and its actually not new at all. if you look at some dell workstations like the precision t7600 from 2012, it has a dual psu redudant setup kind of like this server and has the same kind of power distribution board to supply cpu power, 24pin atx, and vga cables for pcie

  • @aure_eti
    @aure_eti Жыл бұрын

    27:06 first time that i did that on a server i was both scared and amazed ... feels weird but at the same time it's really pleasant to know and rzalise that if you lost one PSU your entirer server won't just shuts off and risk data corruptions ... that's great

  • @piratetaurussackinhaff9402
    @piratetaurussackinhaff9402 Жыл бұрын

    Watching Linus fiddle with anything, raises my anxiety level to Nine. Linus = slow motion accident.

  • @burntalive
    @burntalive Жыл бұрын

    I love alex cohost videos. He has so much passion for server grade stuff and just nerds the fuck out

  • @Captain_Pudding
    @Captain_Pudding Жыл бұрын

    9:04 It's amazing how Canadian you get when you guys are excited. I was half expecting an "oh, fuck yeah bud!"

  • @salmanmajid1575
    @salmanmajid1575 Жыл бұрын

    @LinusTechTips Never have I ever seen such amazing videos. You're the beast in Making Tech Videos. Hope I could work for you one day.

  • @dragos-lucian
    @dragos-lucian Жыл бұрын

    It took Linus 15 minutes (that we've seen) to break something. Pretty impressive

  • @AmKhaibitu
    @AmKhaibitu Жыл бұрын

    Alex- "You can't hurt yourself with 12 volts." True, provided you have no cuts or anything, but breach the epidermis and you can indeed hurt yourself with 12 volts.

  • @dakoderii4221

    @dakoderii4221

    Жыл бұрын

    The worst shock I ever received was from 12V. It was a lantern with two 6V batteries. Took the cover off and push the bulbs down with your fingers so they made contact then my heart skipped a few beats. It became more intense when you add additional people to the "circuit".

  • @DouglasHeyen

    @DouglasHeyen

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes but typically the low voltage doesn’t have enough “push” to kill a person. Plenty of amperage tho. Just not enough voltage.

  • @Nilboggen

    @Nilboggen

    Жыл бұрын

    LOL no. You could hook this up to your heart directly and it wouldn't kill you. The lowest voltage that has ever stopped a heart in clinical trials is 42 volts. Skin is a major defense against electricity but such a low voltage is safe even if you have a major breach in your skin. Need at least 30 volts to cause damage. Edit: I do want to add that such a thing as a capacitor exists and not all 12v things are safe to poke around in. A capacitor can store energy it is receiving and output it in higher voltages.

  • @AnIdiotAboard_

    @AnIdiotAboard_

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Nilboggen no mate, the pwoer supplies are rated in the KW range, that's 150 amps, at 12 volts it wont stop your heart it will boil it in the sac in short order

  • @nathanlowery1141

    @nathanlowery1141

    Жыл бұрын

    @@AnIdiotAboard_ ssshhhhh Darwin would be ashamed. Allow the bolted egos to kill themselves. They may take your comment and learn voltage is irrelevant. Amps are the problem

  • @MNGermann
    @MNGermann Жыл бұрын

    PDB -power distribution board Or, depending of the manufacturer PIB - Power interposer board. The board that connect the PSUs

  • @kilon1
    @kilon1 Жыл бұрын

    I actually would love to see a tour in one of the big animation studios. What kind of monsters they are running.

  • @manticore4952

    @manticore4952

    Жыл бұрын

    They just use clustered servers.

  • @Oneminde
    @Oneminde Жыл бұрын

    FYI, direct soldering and thus bypassing connectors are much better for the signal integrity as well as getting rid of potential connector-to-board oxidation issues in the future. That is also one of the reasons professional boards use tinned pads instead of gold plated: copper and tin is less prone to cause issues like micro cracks etc. (complex metallurgy). So really, it is good.

  • @napnapnop

    @napnapnop

    Жыл бұрын

    Hmm, but copper and tin are way more prone to oxidate... Apart from that, directly soldering cables instead of connectors is way better yes.

  • @Oneminde

    @Oneminde

    Жыл бұрын

    @@napnapnop Electronegativity - Cu (copper): 1,9. Sn (Tin): 1,96. Au (Gold): 2,54. and silver (Ag): 1,93. The more dissimilar materials are the more prone to issues. This was observed by an engineer who worked with audio circuits and boards for decades, the gold plated boards had a higher tendency to develop oxidation between the copper and gold vs the copper and tinned pads. In general. Differences between hard gold and ENIG could exist but is unknown. We are most likely not talking absolutes here, more rule of thumb, and besides, tinned boards have a tendency to last for a loooong time :)

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