Whenever I add a new coin to my collection I try and learn what I can about the person who had it minted. I look for your videos first!

It is so nice to find such in depth historical information on this period of history. I love to learn about Roman history (especially the late Empire and early Byzantine eras). Thank you!

@atticus6572

3 жыл бұрын

Check out Ryan Reeves; he has a PhD and communicates information as such. His content is intertwines with the late Roman Empire with a focus more on the theology.

@Michael_the_Drunkard

2 жыл бұрын

@@atticus6572 there is no late Roman Empire as the empire didn't end in 476, only the West did. The term late antique Roman Empire or Roman Empire in late antiquity.

Curious that Theodosius I installed Valentinian II as emperor, whole Theodosius II performed the same service for Valentinian III. It's like poetry....

In Constantinople and Byzantium, it was said. Every man a theologian.

@ThersitestheHistorian

5 жыл бұрын

A very true saying.

I am happy to find such in depth information on this period of late Roman history. It can be so difficult to find historical sources for this period of history. Not only do I love to learn about history but am also an avid collector of Roman coins. All this background information makes my hobby even more enjoyable. Thank you!

@Michael_the_Drunkard

2 жыл бұрын

Late Roman history isn't a thing. Only the West fell in 476. Roman era of late antiquity is a more accurate term.

You’re doing a real good service, people rarely go in depth about any premodern time period

Thank you for providing all these carefully done presentations on Byzantine history.

Thanks for all these great bios and histories of Byzantium.

Anthemius one of the last chads of the empire

@Michael_the_Drunkard

2 жыл бұрын

Nice joke, the empire didn't fall in 476. So there would be much more Roman chads along the line.

@billychops1280

2 жыл бұрын

@@Michael_the_Drunkard the west did and there wasn’t as many chads in the eastern half as I would have hoped, there still were like both Basil’s and a bunch of the Constantine’s but still, the amount of usurpers skyrocketed in the east

Excellent work both in content and form. Very interesting you are stressing the role and very existence of female intellectuals in the period considered. I knew about eudocia but never heard of her poetry. And i had no idea of hypatia. Thank you!

Celsus was a contemporary of Marcus Aurelius and his book may have been commissioned by that emperor (the most anti - Christian of The Five Good Emperors).

Nestorius's heresy was in teaching that there were two subjects in Christ, not that Christ has two natures, because Cyril taught that Christ has two natures. The controversy began because he refused to call the Virgin Mary Theotokos, instead referring to her as Christotokos. In his debates with Cyril, it was revealed that the logical conclusion of his teaching was that there was a human person, Jesus, and a divine person, the Logos, in the same body. Cyril responded by asking whose flesh was eaten in the Eucharist, the God man or simply a man? If you eat the flesh of a mere man, you are a cannibal. And if a mere man Jesus died on the cross, then we are not saved. Therefore, the Council of Ephesus concluded that the only subject in Christ is the Logos, the second person of the Trinity, clothed in human nature received from the Virgin Mary. An excellent book on this is St Cyril of Alexandria and the Christological Controversy by John McGuckin.

great presentation!

It's crazy how an emperor can posses all kinds of great and beneficial traits yet rule a short time cause a major coup, circumstances, etc then we have Arcadas who seems to just glide threw his reign never having to deal with a coup, an invasion, or bad times.

Bardanes (Vartan) Mamikonian and the Armenians called for help during a war with the Sassanids but the reinforcements from Theodosius II came late.

@Yrkr785

2 жыл бұрын

A huge missed opportunity for Rome, since the whole Persian army was present at the battle of Arayar and the Armenians had a clear advantage in momentum only losing out to the numbers but suffering whole losses had there been enough Roman’s and the Armenians won. The west of Persia could’ve been easily conquered

Wow, a video all about me

Even Caesar and Cissero studdied Greek Rhetoric so having more Greeks than Romans as lecturers is a dubious point for OG Historians.

@Michael_the_Drunkard

2 жыл бұрын

This ethnic distinction became obsolete by late antiquity. As all citizens of the empire became Romans in 212. The only distinction that remained, was between Greek- and Latin speaking ones.

Do you ever make these PowerPoints available anywhere?

I'm confused by the claim of Eudocia becoming Monophysite, because she's also said to have opposed calling Mary Theotokos which was a Nesotrian thing, which also makes sense if she was doing it to spite Pulcharia.

@TheKing-qz9wd

2 жыл бұрын

God damn RCC propaganda making it hard to remember when the Hell they showed up. I think it was around 300AD they had their first meetings or something. If I am right then I'm pretty sure the notion of Theotokos was actually widely accepted by people at the time, or at least documentation would say it is widely accepted. I only bother with this because I was thinking being Monophysite didn't necessarily mean you had to be Nesotrian.

@Kuudere-Kun

2 жыл бұрын

@@TheKing-qz9wd Monophysites and Nestorian were literally opposites, Chaldeonianism was in a sense the Compromise position. The RCC as we know it today I'd argue didn't exist till Trent.

@TheKing-qz9wd

2 жыл бұрын

@@Kuudere-Kun Eh, cannot be. Trent is way too far along the timeline. Sure it didn't change too much but they had a history, and regardless of how many times they want to say it, their history did not begin with Christ. It began with politics and it has always been deeply political. Anyways, I was looking up a definition for this and I'm confused. I figured now is as good a time as any to learn about a little of some old theology. So if what I'm reading here is that monophysites only believe in one nature in Jesus, and Nestorians stress the independence of the two natures, is there really some big difference between these two parties? I mean, unless they skipped over any idea of divine sympathy with the temptation we endure in life, and that Jesus was certainly tempted the same way we are, I don't see why they'd have a dispute. Surely they could've peacefully concluded that, due to the incarnation, Jesus is wearing a vessel or nature thar can be tempted, whereas He as the divine animating power cannot be tempted and cannot sin? Now that I say this I feel like I'm using hindsight on a debate from like 1600 years ago. Little late for the party I guess.

@Kuudere-Kun

2 жыл бұрын

@@TheKing-qz9wd My point is there is no one singular point. The Bishop of Rome was already getting a pretty big head even before Constantine, but some of the Core doctrines didn't really codified till keep into the Middle Ages. It's all a big mess.

@TheKing-qz9wd

2 жыл бұрын

@@Kuudere-Kun Yes, it certainly is a messy thing. But that's why I feel bad for misplacing some of that information I dug up previously. I need to add that to a special folder of notes.

First, I want to say that I didn't expect this much from Theodosius II, since he is mostly know for the walls and his daughter being married to Valentinian III and Petronius Maximus. Him ordering the building of a university come as a surprise to me. Second, I didn't notice before, but you don't put the credits for many images. I think it would be nice to say the name of the pictures and such. But, well... Lastly, what's the logic behind the video releases? You kind of go back and forth between time periods, emperors and such, I was just curious. Keep up this great work.

@ThersitestheHistorian

6 жыл бұрын

I was a bit surprised by Theodosius II too. He was a lot more active as a ruler than many people generally think. That being said, his accomplishments are still pretty modest given how long he ruled and how he never had to fend off any usurpers. I might try to explain some of the images more in the future. Since I was teaching an online class, most of the videos that I was releasing over the past few months were trying to cover the full scope of a medieval history survey. The Byzantine emperor series started largely by accident as I was trying to follow the advice of the online teaching experts who say that 10-minute videos are the most digestible, hence the Justin I and Tiberius II videos. A long time ago, I also made a Justinian II video as a stand-alone. When I started looking at my video library and I realized how fun some of the emperors were, I decided to make a series of it. Right now, I plan on going through Anastasius I in chronological order and then going back for Heraclius, Constans II, and Constantine IV. However, I sometimes enjoy jumping around and I am chomping at the bit to do a video on Basil I the Macedonian.

Having three empresses and one emperor in one place sounds like the perfect plot for an ecchi manga

@JECL-yy7hd

10 ай бұрын

Oh my God

@_Caacrinolaas_

10 ай бұрын

@@JECL-yy7hd It’s genius isn’t it

@_Caacrinolaas_

5 ай бұрын

@MostBasedPrincess wait a minute… does that exist?!

“Dead or Virgins, Or both” is the way I’d describe my friend group, Lmao

Το ότι η βασιλεία του κράτησε 42 χρόνια λέει πολλά

@ThersitestheHistorian

5 жыл бұрын

Yes, it means that he came to the throne at a young age.

@stayrospaparunas3062

5 жыл бұрын

@@ThersitestheHistorian n caligoulas came in young age

this is were I was at 20:28

Hi there - Antiochene Nestorius actually taught that Christ had TWO PERSONS (in Greek dyoprosopism - also you could say 2 Hypostases) - his theory being that it was incorrect to believe that God was a once a puking, pooping and crying baby - surely at that point he was wholly human - only later did he grow and assume his Divine person. So Nestorius proposed he was born a baby but then grew up into God - TWO PERSONS. He wanted Mary to be honoured with the title CHRISTOKOS - the "mother of the Messiah" - but not THEOTOKOS the "mother of God" - because he thought it dd not make sense that THE Creator of The Universe was a tiny incontinent baby who had just pooped. For this he was why he was condemned. Particularly by Cyril, Patriarch of Alexander. This was at the Council of Ephesus in 431. It immediately became fashionable to build Churches to "Mary The Great Mother of God - the most famous of which is St Mary Major in Rome - started in the 430s. Not only did Orhtodox believers celebrate the birth of God but also his death - because if Nestorius was correct you could just as easily say that the Jesus who died on the cross became ONLY a human person. In which case God's Son would not have died for our sins. And by God's Son they meant the second person of the whole and indivisible TRINITY IN ONE PERSON that is God. AND - they also meant that for his whole life he was one and the same person - no transmogrification happened. As Patriarch of Alexandria St. Cyril put it ""If anyone divides in the one Christ the hypostases after the union, joining them only by a conjunction of dignity or authority or power, and not rather by a coming together in a union by nature, let him be anathema."

The start of Byzantium looking inwards and hyper-religion?

Theodosius saved many paganist...from the Christians hate..the situation could be worst

@gungaflagtaka5526

5 жыл бұрын

can u name a historical example?

@stayrospaparunas3062

5 жыл бұрын

@@gungaflagtaka5526 look in Alexandria..btw why u intresting?

@Adam-gk4lz

5 жыл бұрын

@@stayrospaparunas3062 LOL he probably is interested in history. My wild gues is based on finding his comment on these channel.

@stayrospaparunas3062

5 жыл бұрын

@@Adam-gk4lz he has n other comments?

So did the Roman empire end with the sacking of Rome by the Visigoths? Or the fall of Constantinople by the Ottomans?

@ThersitestheHistorian

6 жыл бұрын

That is a good question and one which has garnered endless debate. I am increasingly leaning toward the fall of Constantinople at the hands of the Ottomans, but I think that you can make a case for a whole lot of dates, the earliest being when the Rhine froze over in the early 5th Century. It largely depends on what your minimum criteria are for being truly Roman.

@tsarpalinho

6 жыл бұрын

The second. Even today in some places in greece the people call themself romans.

@MoveInSilence23

6 жыл бұрын

Trebizond, 1461

@olefredrikskjegstad5972

5 жыл бұрын

Personally I lean towards the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. My main reason for that is that the main distinguishing factors that separate Byzantium from the earlier periods, those were all still very much the case and in progress since before even the time of the Five Good Emperors. The "Latin Pagans" who first founded the Empire were already a lot less Latin by the time of the 2nd Century AD since the Romans basically just took all things Greek and ran with it. So to argue that Byzantium wasn't "Roman enough" culturally is in my view pretty weak.

@tailleferrestan

2 жыл бұрын

Perhaps 1475, with the conquest of Theodoro.

Theodosius I was a Brad emperor

18:22 hows he gonna take over the west??

Also many ancients Greeks θάβονταν χωρίς κάψιμο

I’m sorry that you misrepresent the Nestorian position. Two natures is the orthodox position. Nestorius taught that there were two separate and distinct persons in Christ. Orthodox Christians teach that Jesus is on divine person with two natures.

Are byzantines greecks?

@olefredrikskjegstad5972

5 жыл бұрын

The Roman Empire was already pretty thoroughly Hellenized by the time it was split in two. So, in a sense, yes, but not strictly speaking in the sense of being from Greece or anything. The Whole territory that the Eastern Roman Empire covered had been greatly affected by Greek Colonization in prior centuries, and since the Romans themselves very quickly took Greek culture and just ran with it, the Empire was indeed quite "Greek" but one could make the argument that this had pretty much always been the case. With the exception of the Kingdom and the early years of the Republic

@matheus.bueno47

5 жыл бұрын

Being roman meant being latin, but also meant being greek (hellenistic), german, or a frank, for example. The East has always been more hellenized due to centuries of Greek colonization. This resulted in a region wide spread of hellenistic culture, language and way of life. Most people in Antiquity/Medieval times had strong identity ties to the region from where they are from/live. So even though romans indentify themselves as romans, people had different costumes depending on where they were from, someone could eat, drink and talk like a frank, but dress like a roman.

@stayrospaparunas3062

5 жыл бұрын

Romans always married Greek womens...so Romans n Greeks the mixed.. Una fatcha una racha...still they say it...But roman felt to barbarians nearest....maybe some originals ancient romans were in Venice untill Napoleon end they powers...today in Venice most are foreigners,if u ask the Venice ppl they want to throw them out...

@kingad8869

4 жыл бұрын

It was Turkish 😂

When Honorius and Theodosius issued one of their final edicts regarding pagans (CTh. XVI.10.22) in AD 423, they felt obliged to remark that "We now believe that there are none." The ancient temples and those who had worshipped there were no more.

Hypatia's death came before Cyril start cracking down on Pagans that much, she was killed because of his power struggle with Orestes.

They lost the western half of the empire, the Germanic tribes drove the Romans out. The east didn't just turn a blind eye, they had no choice about losing the larger western part of the empire .

@histguy101

2 жыл бұрын

They didn't drive anyone out. They governed the Romans and replaced the military, but kept just about every institution in place, to the point where bureaucratic positions in Italy and the east could still be transferred between each other, and both Senates continued to function together as one. And in Visigothic Spain, Frankish Gaul, Burgundia, Ostrogothic Italy and Pannonia, they continued to mint coins with the emperor's name and image as if Zeno, Anastasius, etc were still officially ruling all those domains. This wasn't like the Arab invasions, where massive fleets were used by the navy to evacuate all the Romans from Egypt, Cyrene, North Africa, etc.

Athens a university town, oh, please....

Emperor Not-My-Job-ius

As a Christian I don’t feel bad at all for the crack down on pagans.. maybe it’s me remember the horrible ways they killed early Christians and mocked my God… but for every action there’s a reaction.. you wanna burn people alive, feed them to lions and laugh at them.. crucify men women and children’s alike… yup there’s some payback Coming for you. Gods love is perfect but his wrath is also perfect 🤷🏻‍♂️

@TheKing-qz9wd

2 жыл бұрын

Frankly the correct response wasn't to roll over when persecution came but fight when they pinned us in a corner. Neither was it right for anyone bearing our generic title to attack unprovoked.

@JustGeridan

2 жыл бұрын

St Cyril was based, Hypatia was a witch

@thenoblepoptart

2 жыл бұрын

God is dead. *tips fedora*

@alexanderryan1176

Жыл бұрын

Pretty sure the pagans that were being cracked down on weren't responsible for killing christians. Plus, pagans is an umbrella term for a lot of different practices, it's not the same as Christianity.