The Video Conferencing Problem - Computerphile

Zoom, House Party, Teams, Skype or whatever. Dr Steve Bagley on the trade-offs all platforms must balance to keep you connected.
/ computerphile
/ computer_phile
This video was filmed and edited by Sean Riley.
Computer Science at the University of Nottingham: bit.ly/nottscomputer
Computerphile is a sister project to Brady Haran's Numberphile. More at www.bradyharan.com

Пікірлер: 314

  • @repzo5551
    @repzo55514 жыл бұрын

    I love how on computerphile, they have the 2 guests filming themselves then gather the video file, instead of having 1 person recording its screen

  • @Aedi

    @Aedi

    4 жыл бұрын

    it's generally better to do it separately like this, you get the video and audio directly, no transmission issues to deal with, meaning you can potentially get higher quality, and more importantly more consistent, video and audio

  • @gonzalochristobal

    @gonzalochristobal

    4 жыл бұрын

    but sometimes you'll have guesses that don't have pro gear (or you simply can't ask for that) to film themselves so you only option is record the screen :( but i agree i also enjoy more what you describe

  • @squidcaps4308
    @squidcaps43084 жыл бұрын

    Being a sound engineer, the last few months have been one long shadenfreude. It is a know fact that people do not notice sound until it isn't there. Same goes for sound engineers, what they do isn't noticed until they aren't there anymore to take care of everything in advance.. Talk shows etc have been below youtuber quality.. Untreated, echoic rooms, camera mics used when lapels should be there, background noises coming in, distortion... It is like watching the world after all sound engineers returned back to their home planet..

  • @iamTheSnark

    @iamTheSnark

    4 жыл бұрын

    Schadenfreude, mein Freund. Es gibt noch en C drin.

  • @Computerphile

    @Computerphile

    4 жыл бұрын

    You'll have noticed our audio problems halfway through then :( -Sean

  • @Kenionatus

    @Kenionatus

    4 жыл бұрын

    The best butler is the one no one notices. You should be proud of yourself and your profession when nobody thinks of you :)

  • @lohphat

    @lohphat

    4 жыл бұрын

    This is showing that internet access should be now considered a critical utility and not left to media cartels. The crappy BT ADSL and Comcast and wifi people have must not be tolerated as acceptable any longer. Often there's no competition and no culpability for service quality. Too many places don't have minimal bandwidth to make this tolerable on a good day.

  • @justinforseth

    @justinforseth

    4 жыл бұрын

    Yep! Even non-audiophiles like me are noticing how bad everything sounds without you guys.

  • @Nimitz_oceo
    @Nimitz_oceo4 жыл бұрын

    I love how the editor managed to play with the audio to make it sound like a packet lost

  • @myid9876543

    @myid9876543

    4 жыл бұрын

    In theory it’s pretty easy, not only the thought that macOS has an internet connection slowdown/loss simulator, but, you could also just remove some sections of a uLaw encoded file and likely get similar results if not the same

  • @MatSmithLondon

    @MatSmithLondon

    4 жыл бұрын

    I was just thinking how hard it is to replicate the types of audio break-up we are used to hearing now every day on the radio and online with friends and family... not sure the editor really nailed it though

  • @monad_tcp

    @monad_tcp

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@MatSmithLondon he tried his best, but didn't get there

  • @SenkJu

    @SenkJu

    4 жыл бұрын

    Just send the audio over Skype and record it on the other end.

  • @supaflylob
    @supaflylob4 жыл бұрын

    "computerphile is better than cat videos ... we have mice" everyone liked this

  • @kennethkrist

    @kennethkrist

    4 жыл бұрын

    I paused video to look for this comment. I shouldn't be surprised it was the top comment XD

  • @bertilhatt
    @bertilhatt4 жыл бұрын

    - What do we want? - Now! - When do we want it? - Race conditions!

  • @Dusk-MTG
    @Dusk-MTG4 жыл бұрын

    Meanwhile, every TV program ever has over 2 seconds latency between the studio and the reporter, even when talking from one room to another.

  • @tonymakaroni2898
    @tonymakaroni28984 жыл бұрын

    I love how much work goes into these videos to replicate what they are speaking about, "audio quality loss" - bam, audio quality is lower in the video.

  • @jitpackjoyride

    @jitpackjoyride

    4 жыл бұрын

    Tony Makaroni or maybe it was just that you suffered an audio quality loss on your end!? 😱

  • @tonymakaroni2898

    @tonymakaroni2898

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@jitpackjoyride :O

  • @spacefacts1681
    @spacefacts16814 жыл бұрын

    "a gigabit symmetrical isn't unheard of these days" [cries in Australian]

  • @josiahjaddock1879

    @josiahjaddock1879

    4 жыл бұрын

    [Laughs in Google Fiber]

  • @Liggliluff

    @Liggliluff

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@josiahjaddock1879 You can't laugh into fiber, you only shine light through it.

  • @GeorgeVCohea-dw7ou

    @GeorgeVCohea-dw7ou

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Liggliluff It brightens my day, how enlightening your comment is.

  • @gljames24

    @gljames24

    4 жыл бұрын

    Plots in Starlink hype

  • @WandererOfWorlds0

    @WandererOfWorlds0

    4 жыл бұрын

    I have symmetrical gigabit in Romania for under $10 per month. Unlimited. I don't understand why westerners don't torch their ISP companies.

  • @KeithRozett
    @KeithRozett4 жыл бұрын

    Such an odd thing to notice, but I appreciate Dr. Bagley's proper use of radio etiquette. That is, "out" instead of the incorrect but often-used "over and out".

  • @jerrykew
    @jerrykew4 жыл бұрын

    100ms latency is the equivalent of listening to someone 34m away

  • @erforscher

    @erforscher

    4 жыл бұрын

    @Max-Leo Amberg yeah...and that has 0 latency...lol

  • @esquilax5563

    @esquilax5563

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@erforscher actually it has a latency of 113 nanoseconds ;)

  • @Lucas_van_Hout

    @Lucas_van_Hout

    4 жыл бұрын

    Esquilax normally I would say nobody cares but we’re on a nerd channel here so you’re fine.

  • @erforscher

    @erforscher

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@esquilax5563 A team of neuroscientists from MIT has found that the human brain can process entire images that the eye sees for as little as 13 milliseconds - the first evidence of such rapid processing speed. That speed is far faster than the 100 milliseconds suggested by previous studies. Atleast 100 times less than your nanosecond calculation🙃😉

  • @erforscher

    @erforscher

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Lucas_van_Hout 😂

  • @Phred_Phlintstoner
    @Phred_Phlintstoner4 жыл бұрын

    Dr Bagley has excellent taste in movies, TV shows, and books! I would feel right at home in his library!

  • @marsgal42
    @marsgal424 жыл бұрын

    Over the last few years my employers have migrated our business from T1s plugged in to proprietary abandonware to VoIP and Asterisk on Linux. Our customers appreciate the better service. The tech support people appreciate the improved reliability. The bosses appreciate the reduced cost. And I appreciate having new toys to play with. :-)

  • @lawrencedoliveiro9104

    @lawrencedoliveiro9104

    4 жыл бұрын

    Asterisk is fun. I set it up for a client quite a few years ago, and even did some custom programming for it. That was an audio-only application, to replace analog phone calls.

  • @michaeldamolsen

    @michaeldamolsen

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@lawrencedoliveiro9104 "I set it up for a client quite a few years ago" I started working for a network equipment manufacturer more than a decade ago, it as all they would talk about. I think they called it "triple play" back then; networking, telephony and video over the same infrastructure. Those were happier days :)

  • @Gunshinzero

    @Gunshinzero

    2 жыл бұрын

    Sheesh hanging on to T1's till the last ebay spares were sold eh? you must work for the FAA or something lol

  • @lawrencedoliveiro9104
    @lawrencedoliveiro91044 жыл бұрын

    20:23 This is where “quality of service” (“QoS”) comes into play. TCP/IP allows for marking packets with indications as to whether timeliness of delivery is more important than reliability of delivery: that is, if a packet is taking too long to be delivered, it might as well be dropped rather than delivered too late to be of use.

  • @michaeldamolsen

    @michaeldamolsen

    4 жыл бұрын

    While what you say is mostly correct, there are no devices that actually drop packets because they have been "taking too long", except the two end devices that are communicating, i.e. the user computers/tablets/IP phones/mobile phones. The rest of the network has no idea how long a packet has been underway, and does not attempt to take that into consideration. What really happens is that the network devices have multiple outgoing buffers, and traffic is inserted into those according to the ToS/DiffServ markings and usually 6-10 other criteria. Packets in a higher priority queue is then transmitted before those in a lower queue. So large packets of bulk transfers do not get in the way of RTP traffic, unless they happen to be transmitting already as an RTP packet comes in. Tuning the rules for queuing and transmission and the queue sizes can be a bit of an art.

  • @the_berzi
    @the_berzi3 жыл бұрын

    It's interesting how now that you have to do it remotely, your videos kinda feel more "personal" because of you participating with your face and not just off-screen questions like before, @Computerphile. The irony is not lost on me.

  • @chrisspalding4172
    @chrisspalding41724 жыл бұрын

    That was an excellent video - for a topic that encompasses so many technologies, I can't imagine how you could have summarised it better in only 28 minutes!

  • @lawrencedoliveiro9104
    @lawrencedoliveiro91044 жыл бұрын

    17:09 Which brings us to the phenomenon known as “buffer bloat”, where all kinds of devices between your end of the connection and mine have large buffers built into them, just to make some problems easier to solve. But of course this adds latency for real-time applications. So there are people trying to persuade makers of these devices to reduce their buffer sizes. Which requires them to write better code to deal with the problems that they were papering over with large buffers before.

  • @deus_ex_machina_

    @deus_ex_machina_

    2 жыл бұрын

    For a great overview of this problem, how it applies to online gaming (where you sending way smaller packets, far more often) and possible solutions, I'd recommend Battle(non)sense's seminal video on this topic.

  • @duconyomi
    @duconyomi4 жыл бұрын

    Clever to illustrate the importance of sound by breaking the video feed when your are talking about it. Your editing is illustrating your point throughout the video and it's very pleasing ! Thx

  • @NickHermans
    @NickHermans4 жыл бұрын

    Hey hey, we got cat5 and mice!

  • @rchandraonline
    @rchandraonline4 жыл бұрын

    Yes! IPv6 FTW! Restoring end-to-end addressing, like the original Internet architects darned well intended!!! One of the tougher problems even in telephone system engineering (let alone Internet conversations), particularly in conference bridges, is something you touched on a little bit, echo cancellation. The company I work for in the US contracts with folks from India. No way to get around the physics of having to transmit an electrical signal that far around the world. We often have to speak up and say, if you're not actively saying something, put yourself on mute. Otherwise, due to the packetizing, buffering, etc. stuff you mentioned, we hear ourselves 0.5 to 0.75 seconds later, and on occasion, repeatedly.

  • @pm79080
    @pm790804 жыл бұрын

    Skype, TeamSpeak, WhatsApp, Discord, Teams, Zoom are PROPRIETARY! Repeating these flaws result in the same failures. #StallmanWasRight

  • @TheMacfruit

    @TheMacfruit

    4 жыл бұрын

    I would shill Jitsi here, but it's impossible to set up... mumble FTW?

  • @pm79080

    @pm79080

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@TheMacfruit There is no setup. Just go to meet.jit.si

  • @pm79080

    @pm79080

    4 жыл бұрын

    meet.jit.si or riot.im / matrix.org Both are non-proprietary and have E2EE. The latter uses accounts and is federated/decentralised.

  • @ElectricityTaster

    @ElectricityTaster

    4 жыл бұрын

    Stallman? you mean the guy who eats libre food harvested from his own foot?

  • @123TeeMee

    @123TeeMee

    4 жыл бұрын

    bro go back to conspiracy side of youtube

  • @drooplug
    @drooplug4 жыл бұрын

    Very interesting. I thought it was so much more straight forward like a streamed movie. I never thought about the need to minimize delay so conversations are easy. This certainly explains why all these zoom meetings are so awkward. It's too much latency. Another element to consider in the process is the power of the hardware being used. This is a huge problem for me when my kids get involved with meetings for school. We are using very low powered PCs and it's a challenge for them to process multiple video streams at once.

  • @andreaaristokrates9516
    @andreaaristokrates95164 жыл бұрын

    IPv6, yes, thank you for shouting that out, it really is outrageous how we are still basically v4 and how much trouble it makes. Privacy and all, but the changing ip disconnecting me is not nice, privacy is the only real issue I ever hear and a simpl(ish) request system would bring us back to where we were, but better.

  • @Pekkhum

    @Pekkhum

    4 жыл бұрын

    I am making sure my network supports IPv6, but I don't want to let go of my NAT. I don't really need to give my ISP and every service provider I interact with any more details than they already have about which devices are in my house with how many users and which devices have which traffic. All they need to know is where to deliver the packet and my NAT/Firewall can handle the rest.

  • @jackdavenport5011

    @jackdavenport5011

    4 жыл бұрын

    Pekkhum yeah surely NAT would be better for privacy that every individual machine in your network having its own IPv6 address

  • @GonzoTehGreat

    @GonzoTehGreat

    4 жыл бұрын

    Many UK politicians are Oxford PPE graduates or ex-bankers and ex-lawyers who have no idea what IP is nevermind v4 vs v6!

  • @TheAnkMan
    @TheAnkMan4 жыл бұрын

    Steven did the Max Headroom (well Sean did with after effects) when e spoke about distorted audio. Loving it.

  • @mandolinic
    @mandolinic4 жыл бұрын

    That looks like a fine collection of Dr Who videos on the shelf. Approved!

  • @LeFnob
    @LeFnob4 жыл бұрын

    “A gigabit symmetrical isn’t unheard of these days” if I can get more than 5 mbps download I consider it a victory #dslproblems #middleofnowhere

  • @phs125

    @phs125

    4 жыл бұрын

    My ISP won't even do that. There's nobody with dsl connection in a 10km radius, so if I want a connection ,I'll have to buy 10km long cables. 4g is the only way of connecting to internet. Even that, doesn't work inside the house. If I go outside, I barely get 1mbps speed...

  • @LeFnob

    @LeFnob

    4 жыл бұрын

    p Hs BIG rip, my friend, I'm so sorry. I thought Western Massachusetts was bad. I had to put a 6gb .zip in a cloud storage service and it took three days. Bit of a shock considering I used to live in a big city!

  • @userou-ig1ze

    @userou-ig1ze

    4 жыл бұрын

    MB or mb, that is the question

  • @gljames24

    @gljames24

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@phs125 Hopefully Starlink internet will help your situation when it becomes available.

  • @Gembrid89
    @Gembrid894 жыл бұрын

    Best channel on KZread!

  • @simonboucher7152
    @simonboucher71524 жыл бұрын

    Have computerphile done a video about the deployment of IPV6 and the delay? Seeing Steve ending reaction, I think he has opinions ;)

  • @jorisderijck1779

    @jorisderijck1779

    4 жыл бұрын

    I think every computer guy (like myself) has a sillent rage that it's still not fully working (IPv6 is nearing it's 25 year birthday and yet we have to use IPv4 for many of our networking)

  • @simonboucher7152

    @simonboucher7152

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@jorisderijck1779 I understand, but why isn't it implemented? Has a civil engineer, I understand the notion of incremental change, of building on the things others built before and there methods, but what are the hurdles? Absolute backward compatibility? not wanting section of the infrastructure to become not accessible? Laziness? Opposition to change?

  • @jorisderijck1779

    @jorisderijck1779

    4 жыл бұрын

    ​@@simonboucher7152 It is implemented and we are already in incremental migration... for about 20 years. problem is both protocols are incompatible. The incremental change isn't one of light updates, its one equivalent of switching from a diesel car to a electric one. So while I got a IPV6 form my ISP, and google also has IPV6 on there servers I can use that. But for any other ipv4 configured server I still have to have a second addres.

  • @ElectricityTaster

    @ElectricityTaster

    4 жыл бұрын

    because google's DNS numbers are easier to remember for ipv4 than ipv6. It ultimately all comes down to this.

  • @michaeldamolsen

    @michaeldamolsen

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@ElectricityTaster 2001:4860:4860::8888 It's not so difficult either :p

  • @DiamondzFinder_
    @DiamondzFinder_4 жыл бұрын

    Aside form all else, I'd like to say that I really appreciate the Doctor Who DVD sets back there, from 3 to 8 (? It's kinda hard to make out...). In fact I'm quite jealous! Don't think I wouldn't notice, though! /\ W

  • @minxythemerciless
    @minxythemerciless3 жыл бұрын

    RTP is an ancient protocol that was invented to do multicast audio conferencing. It's almost never used for that because 'the internet' doesn't do multicast, It's also redundant for video such as H.264 or MPEG2 transport streams which have packetisation and timing and audio sync built in. RTP is only really used for SIP based VOIP phones and it's a right pain with NAT

  • @TheGitGuild
    @TheGitGuild4 жыл бұрын

    Star Wars background vs. Star Trek Background ?

  • @danielchequer5842

    @danielchequer5842

    4 жыл бұрын

    I see GCHQ background

  • @binarybox.binarybox

    @binarybox.binarybox

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@danielchequer5842 Yes. I got the two copies for £1 at my local charity shop. There is more info in my next year's diary. 8-) jk @Dr. Steve Well done for having a copy of Bletchley Park.

  • @ylyassun

    @ylyassun

    4 жыл бұрын

    i specifically looking for your comment

  • @skatcat743
    @skatcat7434 жыл бұрын

    Please do more of these networking videos. Perhaps one along the lines of "Why you missed the shot in your online game" Where you consider netcode, latencies, bufferbloat, jitter ETC and have a few recommendations to bring those down.

  • @recklessroges
    @recklessroges4 жыл бұрын

    I would have made a distinction between processing latency and transmission latency of the network.

  • @tanmaypanadi1414

    @tanmaypanadi1414

    4 жыл бұрын

    he just trying to be a bit easy to understand but i believe the diagrams should have had some of these things mentioned atleast

  • @michaeldamolsen

    @michaeldamolsen

    4 жыл бұрын

    It might make an interesting episode on its own. He could also talk about things like buffer bloat and such. Not sure how many clicks a title with "slow internet"would get though :D

  • @soberhippie
    @soberhippie4 жыл бұрын

    5:46 I like the little "John Malkovich" door on the back wall.

  • @sandordugalin8951
    @sandordugalin89514 жыл бұрын

    KZread started lagging fiercely just for this video. I felt like they were being cheeky.

  • @dmunguia
    @dmunguia3 жыл бұрын

    Love the Atari Portfolio computer in the background!

  • @nucspartan321
    @nucspartan3214 жыл бұрын

    Love this channel

  • @lawrencedoliveiro9104
    @lawrencedoliveiro91044 жыл бұрын

    0:28 I see some interesting books on GCHQ and the like. No copy of _Spycatcher_ ? Is that still banned in the UK?

  • @lawrencedoliveiro9104
    @lawrencedoliveiro91044 жыл бұрын

    9:53 Some people think that stuttering might be caused by a neural analogue to this sort of phenomenon.

  • @warmachineuk
    @warmachineuk4 жыл бұрын

    Streaming is sensitive to congestion, latency and data loss, which circuit switching, such as ATM, can control much better than packet switching but is more expensive. Packet switching, such as IP, throws more cheap hardware at the problem. A follow up episode should be the cost effectiveness of both approaches for various uses.

  • @lawrencedoliveiro9104
    @lawrencedoliveiro91044 жыл бұрын

    8:05 Interestingly, the speed of sound in Earth’s atmosphere at room temperature is almost exactly one millionth of the speed of light.

  • @monad_tcp

    @monad_tcp

    4 жыл бұрын

    its not "exactly" as the speed of sound depends on the temperature and pressure and altitude of the air, you can pick any number for air temperature and make it match to the "c" , because it is a constant. This is just like a card play.

  • @simatbirch

    @simatbirch

    4 жыл бұрын

    Luiz Felipe hence ‘almost’.

  • @jms019
    @jms0194 жыл бұрын

    You could do a talk or three on peer-to-peer vs centralised distribution, the flavours and pitfalls of (CG)NAT, etc. Just as I hit return the last few seconds told me it's coming. We're on the same wavelength. Jon (on IPv6)

  • @KennethSorling
    @KennethSorling4 жыл бұрын

    I think Dr. Bagley would benefit from a lapel mic. It might reduce echo feedback from the roome he's in.

  • @JonathanCorwin

    @JonathanCorwin

    4 жыл бұрын

    He was wearing one on his shirt

  • @KennethSorling

    @KennethSorling

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@JonathanCorwin You're right. Maybe it's just the acoustics of the room at fault.

  • @Glightstar
    @Glightstar4 жыл бұрын

    "Saggy ol' cloth cat, baggy and a bit loose at the seams": That man's got one of my favourite children's tv show characters on his shelf! That's all what I care about xD

  • @tanmaypanadi1414

    @tanmaypanadi1414

    4 жыл бұрын

    i love some of the great books on that shelf otherthan the space stuff too

  • @wholenutsanddonuts5741
    @wholenutsanddonuts57414 жыл бұрын

    The header info seems like it’s larger than those small packets for voip!

  • @thogameskanaal
    @thogameskanaal Жыл бұрын

    Video calling technology has really improved during the... uhm... since 2020. It's interesting looking back, how much better coordinated things have become. At least, for the people fortunate enough to work for a transparent, straightforward and honest organization.

  • @paulsander5433
    @paulsander54334 жыл бұрын

    I'm surprised that there has been no mention of SCTP, Stream Control Transmission Protocol, which has been an Internet standard (since 2000) and was designed specifically for telephony over the Internet. It's covered at some length in the classic "UNIX Network Programming" (volume 1, third edition, Stevens, Fenner, and Rudoff). And because it's an IETF standard, it has its share of RFCs as well.

  • @axellno1759
    @axellno17594 жыл бұрын

    90% what you talking about here was solved in 2003 with skype quite well. 17 years ago with a significantly less bandwidth and much weaker hardware. I'd love tho hear more about what changed with the network that possibly made it necessary to reinvent or adopt those things, because it is not changed as much as the hardware and bandwidth growth would suggest I think.

  • @gordonrichardson2972

    @gordonrichardson2972

    4 жыл бұрын

    AxelL No1 Higher resolution and expectations, versus smartphones which are not as powerful as desktop computers.

  • @PopularWebz

    @PopularWebz

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@gordonrichardson2972 Actually you'll find most of today's smartphones outperform the typical desktop from 2003 on all counts (faster RAM and more of it, faster and more efficient CPUs, dedicated video decoding circuitry, resolution, etc). The biggest difference besides resolution was that Skype was decentralized then and now Zoom and Microsoft-owned Skype, and even the internet itself operate on much more centralized models.

  • @Gunshinzero

    @Gunshinzero

    2 жыл бұрын

    Why do you imagine Skype invented the wheel?

  • @sankimalu
    @sankimalu4 жыл бұрын

    Has Brady always looked this good, or is that just the quarantine pine taking over...

  • @user-vn7ce5ig1z
    @user-vn7ce5ig1z4 жыл бұрын

    Interesting that you mention latency; I'm watching this video with cheap Chinese eBay Bluetooth earphones so the audio is out of sync with the video. Good thing I'm only watching the video out of the corner of my eye while I work on the computer. 27:48 - Chris Griffin?

  • @lawrencedoliveiro9104
    @lawrencedoliveiro91044 жыл бұрын

    What happens when your audio/video is being received by more than one other conference participant? Does multicasting work in practice, so a single copy of the data is transmitted from your machine, and received by multiple recipients? Or do you have to send out multiple copies, one to each recipient?

  • @M3t4lstorm
    @M3t4lstorm4 жыл бұрын

    It might be worth talking about the actual connection topology (peer-to-peer or client-server-client). I would be interested to know if the client received scaled video when the video on their screen is physically small (like when lots of people in a group chat all have their webcams on).

  • @Pekkhum

    @Pekkhum

    4 жыл бұрын

    The fun thing about scaled video is that someone has to process it. In a p2p arrangement it probably wouldn't happen, but in a server mediated connection the server could spend some processing power to offer multiple grades of stream. In a case with many participants that could be quite a gain, though in a two person call it may be a waste of server resources.

  • @ebonilha
    @ebonilha4 жыл бұрын

    This week there was a release, Tauria, which has e2e crypto for videocalls up to 50 people. Pretty nice.

  • @ShroudedWolf51

    @ShroudedWolf51

    4 жыл бұрын

    Great. Another software that the biggest issue is going to be talking people into joining onto yet another platform for what we can hope is reasonable levels of security.

  • @tanmaypanadi1414

    @tanmaypanadi1414

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@ShroudedWolf51 i just rememebered the group chat and encryption video . just imagine how many different ways this thing could break without having local computers that can handle this async compute to do this locally

  • @Aedi

    @Aedi

    4 жыл бұрын

    does it support screen sharing? I use that feature a lot

  • @ebonilha

    @ebonilha

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Aedi I believe it does, not 100% sure tho

  • @cheaterman49
    @cheaterman494 жыл бұрын

    I feel like in practice the packet size (and therefore buffer sizes) will be handled by (or will strongly depend on) the codec? Like, one frame at a time sounds reasonable for video, sure ; but for audio, I guess codecs can make a smarter choice depending on their internals and their target bitrate? EDIT: Thinking about it, I guess video codecs still operate on some variant of "keyframes" and "deltas", so they too should be able to make a smarter choice there (do I wait for the next keyframe and bundle as many deltas as possible in the current packet, if so how much time do I wait, etc). I would guess the chunk size is very much dynamic in practice? EDIT2: Yeah, this is literally what Dr Steve says at the end. I should watch the entire thing before commenting. :-P

  • @KDOERAK
    @KDOERAK2 жыл бұрын

    simply a great vid - thx

  • @TomiTapio
    @TomiTapio4 жыл бұрын

    Audio compression about 14 to 1, video compression around 80 to 1 (because so similar to nearby frames)

  • @elemento2685
    @elemento26854 жыл бұрын

    Good editing skills m8

  • @RonJohn63
    @RonJohn634 жыл бұрын

    5:14 Remember also that many video conferences are held over bandwidth-restricted corporate networks.

  • @TiagoTiagoT
    @TiagoTiagoT4 жыл бұрын

    Please do a video with details on the different ways to handle echoes

  • @KieronTaylor
    @KieronTaylor4 жыл бұрын

    I enjoy trying to estimate the latency by the echoes of people you hear when noise cancellation inevitably fails. I reckon it goes North of 200 ms each way in bigger group chats. Also, I miss push-to-talk.

  • @jereziah
    @jereziah4 жыл бұрын

    nice illustrative editing in this one..

  • @zelllers
    @zelllers4 жыл бұрын

    7:35 - *on halving your RTT to determine latency* - This is in fact not true at all. It may and must be assumed to be the case (especially in larger networks such as the Internet) unless otherwise proven that latency in one direction isn't equivalent to latency in another direction. It could and likely is the case that one direction may have queues which are different lengths at any given instant. We must also not assume that routing is synchronous (i.e. the path you take to return traffic could be different from the path that was taken to get to the destination) - which could also mean longer/shorter links, links of different media types, links with different rates and also completely different forwarding devices which may have different queueing delays. Measuring actual one-way latency is an incredibly difficult problem which is impossible in most situations and it shouldn't be glossed over like that. It requires precise instrumentation and synchronization. Source: am network engineer

  • @dahark3625
    @dahark36254 жыл бұрын

    I’ve never thought about how complicated video conferencing can be, but the question that came up for me while watching this: could you do a video about how online MP gaming works? Is it more complicated then this? I’d be really interested in the “behind the scenes” look if this

  • @deus_ex_machina_

    @deus_ex_machina_

    2 жыл бұрын

    There's a lot of broscience about this topic, where latency is far more important than in videoconferencing, but thankfully there's a channel called Battle(non)sense by someone who not only understands these matters on a deep level, but is also great at explaining it to lay audiences.

  • @jody5661
    @jody56614 жыл бұрын

    Why do video streaming services like twitch use a several second buffer instead of trying to do something closer to this?

  • @McDuffington
    @McDuffington4 жыл бұрын

    This reminds me of Nagle's Algorithm. Which may be a nice topic for Computerphile one day

  • @frognik79
    @frognik794 жыл бұрын

    Anyone remember the old timey live news reports with a 2 second delay?

  • @seanm7445
    @seanm74454 жыл бұрын

    “the video conferencing problem”, as if there’s only one problem with video conferencing!!

  • @michaeldamolsen

    @michaeldamolsen

    4 жыл бұрын

    Pants. Definitely pants.

  • @Maxrom
    @Maxrom3 жыл бұрын

    My usual day sounds just like the real life simulator. 10/10

  • @smokeshadow
    @smokeshadow4 жыл бұрын

    Is that you, Jared Harris?

  • @amciaapple1654
    @amciaapple16544 жыл бұрын

    Yeah, that Echo Cancellation is a very interesting subject

  • @toms8254
    @toms82544 жыл бұрын

    The commenting "first" on youtube problem.

  • @iamTheSnark

    @iamTheSnark

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@tacticaltactics7665 dayum!

  • @jimmyyaeger8494

    @jimmyyaeger8494

    4 жыл бұрын

    first

  • @Phred_Phlintstoner

    @Phred_Phlintstoner

    4 жыл бұрын

    Man I couldn't agree more. Anyone who only comments "first" should be banned from the internet altogether...

  • @Chroniknight

    @Chroniknight

    4 жыл бұрын

    First

  • @bbq1423
    @bbq14234 жыл бұрын

    So that is how the cameraman looks like.

  • @Kelebrimbor
    @Kelebrimbor4 жыл бұрын

    I'm really interested in the following - Zoom can show a max of 49 video feeds at once in their gallery view. Other platforms can show a max of 4-10 at once. This is by far one of the killer features that makes Zoom stand out. Both Google and Microsoft have said they're working on increasing the number of video feeds in Meet and Teams, but they're taking a lifetime, and they're only promising like 16 or so at once. My question is - is it really difficult to implement showing 50 video feeds at once? Is there something technically that's preventing Google and Microsoft from following quickly in Zoom's footsteps?

  • @fghsgh

    @fghsgh

    4 жыл бұрын

    If you can make the videos smaller, it shouldn't be a problem to receive multiple video streams. The problem is how these services encode their video streams.

  • @Kelebrimbor

    @Kelebrimbor

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@fghsgh As in the codecs they're using? Would that mean Zoom have some kind of proprietary encoding that makes it easy for them to receive all those video feeds and display them?

  • @fghsgh

    @fghsgh

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Kelebrimbor That's not really what I meant. Zoom probably just uses H.264 (if they had developed something fast and better, people would know about it and they would try to make more money from it), but the video streams they send probably have a lower resolution than other videocall services. The lower resolution doesn't matter, because the video in question is shown only on a tiny part of the screen. It's like how watching KZread in 240p looks better on a small screen than on a big one. The other services probably just default to a higher resolution.

  • @abraxis_602
    @abraxis_6024 жыл бұрын

    I hope in these trying times that everyone living with others is familiar with their router's QoS settings ;)

  • @WowReallyWhoDoesThat
    @WowReallyWhoDoesThat4 жыл бұрын

    At the end you say the routing will get v street with IPv6. Could you make a video explaining this? As a slightly tech savvy user, how will IPv6 affect me?

  • @3DGECASE
    @3DGECASE4 жыл бұрын

    11:05 I need to stop drinking while at my computer.

  • @stapedium
    @stapedium4 жыл бұрын

    Really wish he would have talked more about codecs

  • @jagardina
    @jagardina4 жыл бұрын

    There are VHS tapes hiding behind the DVDs!

  • @jagardina
    @jagardina4 жыл бұрын

    Echo suppression is a pretty well established technology. But feedback, not so much.

  • @cheaterman49
    @cheaterman494 жыл бұрын

    Hahahaha, that last point about IPv6 :-D it's funny how it still is sort of a pipe dream for consumers right now!

  • @CandyGramForMongo_
    @CandyGramForMongo_4 жыл бұрын

    I have some of those books!

  • @imagineaworld
    @imagineaworld4 жыл бұрын

    So how much of this is handed by the pc and how much by the particular video app?

  • @JamesNewton
    @JamesNewton4 жыл бұрын

    Wish this video had captioning. For whatever reason, I find it hard to understand exactly what he is saying when he speaks quickly. Most videos have captions; I wonder why this one doesn't?

  • @DieFischbude
    @DieFischbude4 жыл бұрын

    For the love of God, Steve... Those Doctor Who DVDs come with reversible covers so you and your audience don't have to be annoyed by some spines having the BBC logo in a purple square in one of two totally different places or age certifications. They can look quite nice and uniform. There is no excuse. You are not in Australia. Get your act together! Anyway. Great talk, as usual! Really appreciate you guys :)

  • @bsharpmajorscale

    @bsharpmajorscale

    4 жыл бұрын

    If I were recording with stuff behind me, I'd intentionally mismatch them just to drive people crazy. :P

  • @lawrencedoliveiro9104

    @lawrencedoliveiro9104

    4 жыл бұрын

    Why always with the Australia digs? Not sure why I care ... I’m in NZ ...

  • @thomasw4422
    @thomasw44224 жыл бұрын

    Half Sci-fi, half programing and computer science. This bookshelf does not surprise me.

  • @alejandrodeharo9509
    @alejandrodeharo95094 жыл бұрын

    Talk about hypercomputing super Turing machines that solve the halting problem or other undecidable problems

  • @pablofreitasmachado8076
    @pablofreitasmachado80764 жыл бұрын

    Nice one.

  • @pierreabbat6157
    @pierreabbat61574 жыл бұрын

    How do you keep a lizard from climbing a window? With a gecko canceler.

  • @shykitten55
    @shykitten554 жыл бұрын

    Couple of things: 1 - what was that clicking that was happening throughout the talk? 2 - isn't the other person Heston Blumenthal? ;) Or a cousin?

  • @AceHardy
    @AceHardy4 жыл бұрын

    👑

  • @marwanak10
    @marwanak103 жыл бұрын

    Can we use timestamps instead of packet sequence numbers?

  • @Matey8
    @Matey84 жыл бұрын

    Wondered for a split second why Uwe Boll was in my subscription box

  • @jornejongsma
    @jornejongsma4 жыл бұрын

    Video conference calls, don't do it! it's distracting, takes a lot of bandwidth, some have poor image quality with hiccups, and so on... Just use your phone and make someone who has an unlimited plan call everyone to join. The sound is always good and it's not distracting. Next to that, you could also is have everyone open a collaborative document, like google presentations. That a fast way to show everyone documents, notes, ideas etc.. and you can see what other people are looking at and are writing in that presentation, all in real time. Sometimes that works even better than in a real conference room!

  • @erforscher
    @erforscher4 жыл бұрын

    Their webcams are better than my main camera...lol

  • @Computerphile

    @Computerphile

    4 жыл бұрын

    Spoiler, these weren't the web cams :) -Sean

  • @scian8929
    @scian89294 жыл бұрын

    I kinda miss lockdown

  • @arcanics1971
    @arcanics19714 жыл бұрын

    Somebody is a bit of a John Le Carre fan.

  • @ludwig2345
    @ludwig23454 жыл бұрын

    a high quality video chat. impossible

  • @TheDeathdragon401
    @TheDeathdragon4014 жыл бұрын

    1:05 “We can zoom in...” hehehehehe

  • @ncot_tech
    @ncot_tech4 жыл бұрын

    Why do no video conferencing systems feed your voice back into your own speakers like the phone system does? It’s so unnatural wearing headphones and trying to talk and not be able to hear your own voice.

  • @helloworld-ok5rt

    @helloworld-ok5rt

    4 жыл бұрын

    You can enable that in the control panel.

  • @ncot_tech

    @ncot_tech

    4 жыл бұрын

    Christopher Brown yeah, but it has a horrible lag that seems entirely dependent on the drivers the sound hardware uses.

  • @DutchmanDavid

    @DutchmanDavid

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@ncot_tech which is exactly why you don't have that feedback (unless you have expensive hardware) - laggy feedback is worse than no feedback.

  • @trans_foxgirl
    @trans_foxgirl4 жыл бұрын

    I wouldn't call Doctor Who very terrestrial

  • @WilcoVerhoef
    @WilcoVerhoef3 жыл бұрын

    So 2 people standing over 35 meters apart cannot have a normal conversation anymore, since the sound would take more than 100 ms. (ignoring the visual aspect of conversation)