The Terrifying Glow of Singlet Oxygen (ft. NileRed)
Ғылым және технология
Singlet oxygen is a special excited version of normal molecular oxygen. In solution two singlet oxygen molecules crash into each other and release a flash of light which we see as a red glow. Today we explore two variants of a reaction that can produce this special excited state in what ends up being the worlds scariest glow stick reaction and an interesting example of luminescence that doesn't use a fluorescent dye.
Outside of this reaction, singlet oxygen is something that's pretty pervasive in the natural world. Lots of compounds when exposed to light will convert normal oxygen to the singlet form. It also is one of the main reactive oxidant species that antioxidants in healthy foods protect against as it forms in our bodies.
A HUGE thank you to NileRed as this video wouldn't have been possible without him. If you aren't already, go subscribe to his channel, it's amazing!
/ therednile
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Пікірлер: 1 000
"this is way to dangerous to do in my lab" "we were mostly just eyeballing things"
@Kidgamer-po6sl
4 жыл бұрын
fume hub is for the win definetly
@hobomnky
4 жыл бұрын
hehe
@anonymoususer4706
4 жыл бұрын
It's not the creation that is dangerous, it's the product it produces (chlorine gas.) You can set up a make-shift firing range in your apartment but it's probably safer to go to a licensed firing range.
@cykablyat6481
3 жыл бұрын
@@anonymoususer4706 also more legal
@kereminde
3 жыл бұрын
"Don't try this at home... go to a friend's house."
Next video: Thought Emporium, NileRed, CodysLab making Nuclear reactors at home to power your gaming PCs.
@chelarestelar
4 жыл бұрын
And StyroPyro putting lasers instead of RGB LED's
@trashedeggnog3858
4 жыл бұрын
the backyard scientist detonating watermelons in the back
@rivenofathousandvoices508
4 жыл бұрын
And its cooled with liquid helium!
@PunakiviAddikti
4 жыл бұрын
No joke, some people actually made nuclear reactors at home. One such device's failsafe was to open a hatch in the reaction chamber to drop the core in a bucket of water. Yep. Same idea as flooding the reaction chamber with seawater, but less effective at shielding the user from radiation. You know, because an overexcited reactor core in a water bucket is definitely not gonna cause severe radiation poisoning.
@Kumquat_Lord
4 жыл бұрын
All overseen by Veritasium and smarter every day
Hi All, Couple corrections. I mistakenly said 632nm. It's actually 634nm. Also the state I called "doublet oxygen" is actually also a singlet state, it's just the SECOND singlet state. Had a mistake in my script that I didn't catch. Sorry for the confusion!
@GelidGanef
5 жыл бұрын
Hey maybe add a link to that death star video?
@andraskatona9766
5 жыл бұрын
Wow l'm doing synthetic opal for my BSc theses. l'm looking forward to the next video.
@Wompylulz
5 жыл бұрын
Just a little clarification: at 5:27 you call the sigma gerade siglet a doublet, but that's not the case! Doublet states require one unpaired electron which gives the total spin S a 2-fold degeneracy. The state you refer as doublet is just, using Hund's rules, the first excited singlet state (or the second excited state), ground state being the sigma triplet gerade -, first exited state (also called ground singlet state) being the delta gerade singlet. Hope it helps, love your videos!
@Inertia888
5 жыл бұрын
I leaned many things from this video that I had even previously considered. My understanding of the world we live in is just a little bit more acute now. Thank you kindly, sirs!
@sudazima
5 жыл бұрын
angry pixies? someones a fan of ave :P
Next collab, create the chemical laser with stryopyro. Guy makes crazy lasers, his knowledge with this and we will have a deathstar.
@danielpetka446
5 жыл бұрын
I see you're a man of culture as well :D styro is awesome
@prescott231233
5 жыл бұрын
I think we’re all thinking the same thing...
@growingcat2479
4 жыл бұрын
a better idea is these peaple, hacksmith, stryo, and some random scientist or engineer
@Jayfeather298
4 жыл бұрын
photonicinduction
@mcrazy2080
4 жыл бұрын
Bring in Cody's lab to make the nuclear reactor to power it.
*Fires megawatt Singlet Oxygen laser into my own eye* "Don't worry bro, I eat a lot of (antioxidant-rich) fruits and vegetables"
@medexamtoolsdotcom
5 жыл бұрын
That and a trip to a chiropractor. Oh and a colon cleanse while you're at it, and a homeopathic remedy. Then you'll be good as new.
@Vinkie
5 жыл бұрын
No worries. It's "all natural"
@GRBtutorials
4 жыл бұрын
@@medexamtoolsdotcom What's wrong with chiropractors, though?
@pacman10182
4 жыл бұрын
@@GRBtutorials most of what they claim it helps is complete BS
@CAMSLAYER13
4 жыл бұрын
@@GRBtutorials it's not very well regulated so you can get a pretty wild range of competency
Dem angry pixies are choochin' really good
@thethoughtemporium
5 жыл бұрын
I've watched way too many of his videos and it's honestly the most entertaining way to talk about it so it's slipped into mine and my friends conversations.
@blueberry1c2
5 жыл бұрын
(Accidentally whiffs a but of chlorine) Aagh! son of a diddly
@thethoughtemporium
5 жыл бұрын
Now my nose is full of shmoo! I actually like this one the best, because "shmooing" is the technical term for yeast sexual reproduction. SO I also use it in the sense of combining things "now make them shmoo". Tl:dr, shmoo is a very versatile word.
@recklessroges
5 жыл бұрын
I've had some Knukisanian slip into my vernacular as well. (I hate it and it makes me smile.) AvE is the sane older brother/parent that everyone needs.
@deathpony698
5 жыл бұрын
skookum
Thought Emporium and NileRed in the same video. Christmas came early I guess
@charleslambert3368
5 жыл бұрын
Now we just need StyroPyro to build the optics.
@secretqwerty838
5 жыл бұрын
or late depending on how you wanna look at it
@prescott231233
5 жыл бұрын
Charles Lambert omg I’m so glad someone else thought of this I guess it wouldnt be illegal?
@connor1186
5 жыл бұрын
And an AvE reference ta'boot.
@jake3523
5 жыл бұрын
So did I.
Is this also the source of the red glow seen in the aurora sometimes? "It is too dangerous to do here, so I went to NileRed's place." It is good to have friends like that.
@g00st62
5 жыл бұрын
Yea, its always usefull to have some disposable friends o use for dangerous shit, you dont want to do yourself :^)
@Ministrator03
5 жыл бұрын
The red glow in the aurora is mostly caused by high energy particles exciting Nitrogen (600nm - 700nm) and Oxygen (630.0 nm). Nitrogen also causes blue tones when being ionized while Oxygen in lower altitudes causes the greens when being excited. So while it is partly Oxygen, it's not the same process as seen here.
@zoebaz6969
4 жыл бұрын
@@Ministrator03 Correction: Green aurora is 1OS exication at 557 nm, (5577 Å), red is 1OD at 6300 Å, the same as is seen here. The blues and pinks sometimes seen at lower altitudes is caused by various exciations of molecular nitrogen, but the topside auroral red line is due to oxygen-- that's the only element of any significant concentration at 250-300km.
@fallongarens6734
3 жыл бұрын
@@zoebaz6969 i like this type of correction. ive seen people who are quite rude about it.
@zoebaz6969
3 жыл бұрын
@@fallongarens6734 i see that specific misunderstanding a lot, and it bugs me a bit but there's no sense in being rude about it :)
"This was really dangerous so I went to Nile Red's lab." Wouldn't want to destroy my own equipment.
"dont do this at home" TTE: "ok, i'ma do it on a friend's house"
- Talks about megawatt death laser “But back to the singlet oxygen itself” Nice try but now we all want that death laser 😂
@Frrk
5 жыл бұрын
You forgot the quotation marks :P This "laser"....
@ilrompiscatole5414
5 жыл бұрын
Frik Ahahahah
@DivineMind222
4 жыл бұрын
Styropyro has all your death laser needs! Lll
@abovelunar3488
4 жыл бұрын
someone call styropyro...
@loganclementi8947
4 жыл бұрын
- guy with Dr. Evil profile picture
I was not prepared for a collab of this caliber!
@zaphenath6756
5 жыл бұрын
collaliber
@namelesscage
4 жыл бұрын
Bring in StyroPyro as a laser technician and some shenanigans will be had!
Chemical laser? Sounds like you need to talk to sytropyro
@nxovva
5 жыл бұрын
Lol I love sytropyo lazed guns
@sbsftw4232
3 жыл бұрын
I have no idea what the correct spelling is anymore.
@maximum-trollage
3 жыл бұрын
@@sbsftw4232 stryopyro
@carlwheezerofsouls3273
3 жыл бұрын
@@maximum-trollage bruh its STY RO PY RO StyroPyro
@emiliomesa4425
3 жыл бұрын
Immediately thought of styropyro
Nile Red is amazing! Are you both in Montreal? As a Biochemistry prof in Ottawa I’d love to visit
@neutronpcxt372
5 жыл бұрын
Seems like it.
@ExtrymGamingLTU
5 жыл бұрын
Love your old videos :D keep up the good work
@Volvary
5 жыл бұрын
IIRC, NileRed lives in Ontario.
@mystamo
5 жыл бұрын
@@Volvary He Certainly lives in Alberta.. He's mentioned it before. Or at least on the west side.. Deff not Ontario.
@neutronpcxt372
5 жыл бұрын
@@Volvary I don't think he lives in Ontario. He lives in Quebec, as one of his receipts was written in French in his origin video.
wait so... pool tablet + hydrogen peroxide makes this? shit they're right next to each other in my kitchen cabinet
@OnsideHaddock72
5 жыл бұрын
Your peroxide isnt strong enough buddy
@tmd9412
5 жыл бұрын
@@OnsideHaddock72 i have 50% peroxide
@axa122
5 жыл бұрын
@@tmd9412 95% peroxide :). Highest bid.
@tmd9412
5 жыл бұрын
@@axa122 95.5% Peroxide
@GRBtutorials
4 жыл бұрын
@@axa122 If that's true, I don't know how your house hasn't exploded yet.
"This is way too dangerous to do in my lab, so we're going to take a little trip and visit Nilered." Way to throw him under the bus there buddy. 😂😂😂😂
@arfyness
4 жыл бұрын
Under the fume hood is the point...
@underscoredfrisk
4 жыл бұрын
@@arfyness r/woooosh... There goes all the toxic chemicals
3:30 My new favorite chemistry phrase: "really angry up the solution"
2:40 Solution looking vaguely bluish? How about dissolved ozone?
@flurgy22
4 жыл бұрын
I thought ozone would be almost purple.
"Anger up the pixies?" It's okay--his vernacular is sneaking its way into my speech, as well.
@ViaStrata
5 жыл бұрын
AvE
@Papperlapappmaul
5 жыл бұрын
It's officially called "AvErnacular".
@NickleJ
4 жыл бұрын
You mean your _idiolect_
@nilphite
3 жыл бұрын
@@NickleJ thank you so much for doing that for me.
"...this is why oxygen is such a good oxidator" Uhm, yeah i kinda see point. ;-D
@recklessroges
5 жыл бұрын
I had that moment as well, but its not as silly as it sounded when you get into the chemistry. (Still better than, "very unique".)
@lordofwhiskey9608
5 жыл бұрын
would it blow your mind if i told you, there's a better oxidizer than oxygen? xD
@DasIllu
5 жыл бұрын
@@lordofwhiskey9608 Actually no. It was just the constuction of this sentence that sounded a bit funny to me.
@lordofwhiskey9608
5 жыл бұрын
Ahhh okay 😂😂
@nibblrrr7124
5 жыл бұрын
Haha, re-using existing words for new concepts can often cause confusion later on. I guess mathematicians take the cake here, by using everyday terms like _closed_ and _open,_ and ending up with _clopen_ for things that are both - b/c _ofc_ they weren't defined as opposites... (German _abgeschloffen_ = _offen_ & _abgeschlossen_ isn't any better...)
Ah, my first chemiluminescence reaction ^^, straight from "Chemical Curiosities" by H.W Roeslky K. Mockel. Since at that time glow-sticks were impossible to get (times before wide access to internet), this was my only option. Brings back memories, thank you.
Them: puts chemical with other chemicals in jar Me: ooooh bubbly milk!
nile red is the best! do some more collabs with him!!
Super excited you guys finally made this video!!
5:04 Wasn't this the plot of Real Genius? Megawatt chemical lasers!
Love collabs and NileRed! Great vid!
Yes! Ive been waiting for this collab for so long
Great video!! I thoroughly enjoyed it!! I love seeing where you have came over the past 8+ years ! Keep up the great work !
@Phantom0fTheRouter
3 жыл бұрын
Never seen a video of that last over 8 minutes... Usually not more than 8 seconds... Wow! That is definitely some hang time.
That opal video sounds awesome can't wait!
"...which is why oxygen is such a powerful oxidizer" lol
@Kumquat_Lord
5 жыл бұрын
Well, until you meet chlorine triflouride.
@Shaun_Jones
3 жыл бұрын
@@Kumquat_Lord “that’s a nice flame-resistant material you have there. It would be a shame if something were to set it on fire.”
@Kumquat_Lord
3 жыл бұрын
@@Shaun_Jones "that's a nice chunk of asbestos there, would be a shame if something were to happen to it"
Done this experiment a few weeks ago in my chemistry class. It's really exiting when you see it up close for real
A great point you made about the mixture not producing the ideal result because you "guessed" instead of precisely measuring it, thus showing sucess and failure or sucess and slight yield comes down to the details.
did you just refer to electrons as pixies like what AvE does?
@yeetusfetus8687
5 жыл бұрын
Time for another crossover!
@VRtechman
5 жыл бұрын
I'm coming up BLANK! 😒😅🤔
@southernkatrina8161
4 жыл бұрын
Dropping f bombs will be next...
@deadman2915
3 жыл бұрын
Man that'd be a fun vid.
@rushthezeppelin
3 жыл бұрын
@@deadman2915 Next thing you know he will be including rough takes with "Focus you FUCK!!"
5:50 a few mistakes here: 1) Triplet means that there're three possible spin sums with the same amount of energy of the entire electron system, not just some arbitrurarily particular arrangement of electron spins. So for oxygen that means that we either pair up all of the electrons (an excited state since there's higher energy due to extra pairing), in which case there can only be one sum of spins - 0; or we can leave the two final electrons separate, each on its own degenerate pi*-orbital. Since spin alignment does not effect the total energy, we must count all possible sums of spin to give a name to this degenerate state. The three possible combinations give the sum of 1 (+1/2 and +1/2), 0 (+1/2 and -1/2, or -1/2 and +1/2) and -1 (-1/2 and -1/2). Three possible states with the same energy = triplet. Triplet is not just +1/2 and +1/2, it's all of the three combinations. Since this is the case of any system with two unpaired electrons, triplet basically just means two unpaired electrons. The reason we don't give name to any particular combination is the uncertainty princple, I suppose, which suggests that a quantum system cannot be described as a particular state until we observe it firsthand. 2) This also means that doublet oxygen is not a thing. Doublet, as of an electron system, simply means there's just one unpaired electron, with two possible states: +1/2, or -1/2 (hence the word doublet). Neutral O2 can't have just one unpaired electron. EDIT: and what here is represented as doublet is not singlet but triplet, since it has the same energy as the figure to its right, not left. 3) Both triplet and singlet oxygens have the bond order of 2, which means that the scheme at 5:22 is just wrong Singlet and triplet oxygens cannot be adequatly represented as valence shells (which is, like, one of the first known evidences supporting the theory of Molecular Orbitals, since it can predict what valence shells cannot).
ive been waiting for this collab
Such a well put together video. Hats off to you guys!
Excellent co-lab (if only I could think of a clever pun ;-s )
@medexamtoolsdotcom
5 жыл бұрын
If that wasn't a clever pun, I can hardly imagine what qualifies. That's right up there with "Rudolf the red knows rain, dear" and "chess nuts boasting in an open foyer".
I clicked because of the Nile Red name drop :) Good video by the way!
@Veemon657
3 жыл бұрын
Same
dude your channel is the science class I had always hoped for cool reactions how they are utilized to make physical sense
I'VE BEEN WAITING FOR THIS COLLAB FOR YEARS
Totally thought you were going to say "We're going to make synthetic opioids at some point"
You cannot talk about enormous death lasers without attempting to build them, or promising to try, that's like illegal or something :P
Discovered this channel about an hour or two ago and am impressed with everything that I'm learning. I had no idea that chemical based lasers even existed..So cool.
Very cool. Nice to hear you touch on such different subject linked to singlet Oxygen.
So Cody's Lab, StyroPyro, NileRed, Michel Reeves, and you do collab for that laser thing.
Nobody: Singlet Oxygen: 😡
@hotaru8309
3 жыл бұрын
Awwww He's just lonely
@Parz1val465
3 жыл бұрын
@@hotaru8309 aint we all
The collab with NileRed was an awesome surprise, but then the AvE reference just knocked it out of the park. Cheers.
I've read articles on Chemical Oxygen Iodine Lasers, but this is the first time I felt like I understood them at all. Cheers! Also, that's a very pretty and very ominous shade of red.
A homemade COIL...nice. For those who don't know, Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser is a component of the US military airborne laser weapon, Boeing YAL-1. Basically a frickin' laser cannon mounted on a Boeing 747.
@chemlab5038
5 жыл бұрын
(body no) thanks for explaining it 😄
@soaringvulture
4 жыл бұрын
Yes. That sounds like a horrible plane to be in with that great big singlet oxygen generator and the chlorine and 60% peroxide tanks to feed it. What could go wrong?
@bodyno3158
4 жыл бұрын
@@soaringvulture That is one of the reasons why USAF canceled this project....don't forget the iodine source. From some documents I found that the singlet oxygen generator of COIL acts like a rocket engine...shove everything inside and burn them up. What could go wrong, right?
@bodyno3158
4 жыл бұрын
@@BackYardScience2000 Yes, but that COIL used in YAL-1 did need some high-proof peroxide.
@bodyno3158
4 жыл бұрын
@@BackYardScience2000 Iodine is okay, but high-proof peroxide is no joke.
Do a collab with Nile Red and NurdRage 😍
Awesome video, can't wait for the opal video! don't forget to include some voice clips of Nile Red next time
Awesome video, such an interesting topic regarding this unique form of Oxygen, thanks for the share.
Next up: A tour thorough the new national landmark, "The Pixie Crater" because three YTler thought it would be a good idea to hole up in a cabin with expensive tools and chemicals.
You know, they use to say not to play with matches, I’ll one up that and say you shouldn’t play with chlorine gas..
Thanks for this. This was new to me!
Yaay! Two of my favorite youtubers together!
Singlet oxygen also induces oil rancidity through oxidation.
@krass76
5 жыл бұрын
the perfect prank: go to your friends cupboard and set up some singlet oxygen to bubble through his cooking oil. if he asks about it ask him how he survived the chlorine gas!
@Chronically_ChiII
5 жыл бұрын
Remember kids, *always keep your oils in the cooler,* especially those who are less processed (and have more omega3).
@pietrotettamanti7239
4 жыл бұрын
@@Chronically_ChiII no, just away from sunlight and oxygen
You are doing great job.
Super! Thank you very much!
Great work, def do more collabs with Nile pls
Hey! Nice video, but I have a little correction to make: the state you are showing in 5:46 is not a "doublet" oxygen, because the spin multiplicity of that state is 1 (you can clearly see that in the MO diagram). That is also a singlet state, however it is indeed a higher energy singlet. The spectroscopic term for this state is 1Σ
"oxygen is a powerful oxidizer"
@horstherbert35
4 жыл бұрын
phrases that only a chemist wouldn't feel stupid for saying
love the vid, please incorporate all reactions in text on the screen when shown / talked aboot!
Can't wait for the next collab with Nile!
Oh nice NileRed and you in a one video the best chemistry youtubers
You wanna know what's more terrifying? *Not knowing the powerhouse of the cell.*
@gingerale6634
5 жыл бұрын
Anti Bullshit m I t c h o c o n d r I a
@kasai7272
5 жыл бұрын
Mitochondria!!!!
@hairyputter5363
4 жыл бұрын
It's Ribosomes you fools
@_VI701
4 жыл бұрын
@@hairyputter5363 now THIS is big brain time
@acompletelynormalhuman6392
4 жыл бұрын
the tardigrade apocalypse is coming you may Laugh at Me Now but when three billion tardigrade swarm you you won't be laughing
Neat. First video of your s that I've seen. I'll sub.
I subed rednile a long time ago and I definately love his videos. Thank Q for up loading this vid GOD BLESS~~~
Thought Emporium + NileRed collaborating. I believe that means I've officially finished KZread. The End
@WineScrounger
4 жыл бұрын
I’m still waiting for AvE & Hydraulic Press Channel.
I wonder if this singlet oxygen reaction is what causes the weather phenomenon known as a sprite. Perhaps, if so, the elf which occurs slightly before and above it would be a result of the same sort of reaction; that would explain the red glow created by both. There are fewer oxygen molecules that high in the sky, so it would likely take a large charge in order to create it, but I think a lightning bolt would be sufficient. I've read that the red color in auroras is caused by upper-atmosphere oxygen excitation as well.
Wow, so much information in such a small period
Two of my favorite youtubers!
What happens if you put a tomato in with the singlet oxygen? Will the antioxidants antioxidize?
Did somebody say lazers? Maybe you should do a follow-up collab with Styropyro!
@GabrielCarvv
5 жыл бұрын
ahahaha yes
Love your channel!
love nile red, great video. Glad you popped up in my feed.
"Angry up the pixies" I know where you got that from ;)
Amazing. I love seeing my favorite nerds working together. Like william osman and... child boi. (Micheal reeves)
@Tonatsi
4 жыл бұрын
Isaac Westawski now mykull is dating lily
Excited for that synth opal vid
Super informative. Very cool. :)
Interesting experiment!!! Keep it up!!😎👍
Do you taste metal? Dyatlov - You must be delusional
When the video started I thought it was now red talking. You two are my favorite KZreadr’s. I never realized how similar your voices were
Wowww, both my most favourite youtubers together!
Ha you uploaded it in HD but I watched it in 480p... jokes on you.
"That's more than enough power to shoot satellites out of orbit". Excuse me while I pick my jaw off the floor
Honestly, Nigel is one of the nicest youtuber in the world - and his anti-climactic but accurate style is highly enjoyable.
Yay! TTE and NileRed collab!
“Angry up the pixies” You must know of my friend AvE
Wait, both of you guys are Quebeckers? Didn't know. Would love to see you too work together more. ;)
Really nice video! I have a remark about the molecular orbitals on the picture at 5:27 - 6:00: The configuration in the middle is called 'open-shell singlet'. A system with even number of electrons cannot be a doublet.
So nice to hear clear correct pronunciation and grammer. Better than I could do!
You took the video down after 10 mins I almost missed this
@wallstquant
5 жыл бұрын
yeah; i was 5:36 in when it went away...
@thethoughtemporium
5 жыл бұрын
sorry ya'll. had to fix a thing. It's fixed now
@eliasbouhout1
5 жыл бұрын
@@wallstquant Yeah apparently it wasn't showing up correctly on his dashboard and had to reupload
@eliasbouhout1
5 жыл бұрын
@@thethoughtemporium Oh fuck he is here! How you doing bro?
@wallstquant
5 жыл бұрын
@@thethoughtemporium it's cool... i've given this one the required thumb's up again
Collab with NileRed?! What's next, a collaborative effort with Codyslab?
@Chronically_ChiII
5 жыл бұрын
They would all come together to create a nuclear reactor.
“That’s enough power to shoot satellites out of orbit” *Hey ferb, I know what we’re gonna do today*
I was trying to age some steel I was using for a project and someone suggested mixing these two and spraying it onto the steel to cause it to corrode quickly... Well I'm a blacksmith not a chemist and this was the first and last time I played chemist without researching first. My entire shed filled with chlorine gas, I got out but struggled to breath for a few days after. Not only did it stuff me up but it caused everything in my shed to rust and I had to hose it all out. Could have cost me my life...
Here in Australia we call it "Wife-Beater Oxygen".
1:45 Would have been cool if it was 666 nanometers
Wait a though emporium videos featuring the great Nile red with ave references sprinkled in? I think I can die happy.
@jacogomez1093
5 жыл бұрын
First Last this coment really deserve more likes, is SO true...
Superb Content ! .......as per usual