The more of Arvin's videos you watch, the more intuitive you'll find it :)

This was indeed very clarifying. The quantization of the universe is like "pixels in a screen". There's never signal in-between two pixels, the light is either coming from one or the other. But put together enough pixels on a small enough area and you won't even notice it's pixelated, you'll start to form other patterns that your brain will use to understand what's going on. This is just FANTASTIC! Thanks a lot for the video!!

@thedeemon

Жыл бұрын

Note: in the maths of QM position is not quantized in the sense of being discrete, space is continuous, the set of eigenvalues of position operator is continuous, so it's not really about "pixels". We see interactions at certain locations mainly because it's interactions with atoms and atoms are localised.

@sol_mental

Жыл бұрын

@@thedeemon yeah, that was just a comparison to make better sense of what's going on. I'm not saying space is a great big tv with undetectable pixels xD but thinking it is helps (me) a lot to understand quantization and the different states in general. But as philosophy always says: don't seriously generalize everything into one basket, it'll get full and almost nothing will fit your description.

@DavidPysnik

Жыл бұрын

@@thedeemon Yes, the math is done in continuous spaces with great accuracy, but, at a fundamental level, it is still an open question as to whether what we call space in reality is truly continuous in the same manner as various mathematical spaces. For all we know, there may be a "pixelation" to space and time that we have not yet detected, and some scientific theories have postulated this and are even attempting to detect if this exists.

You're a credit to scientific community Arvin. As an intellectual not in this field, your explanations are an incredible resource.

@paulbizard3493

Жыл бұрын

Well sais. I too am an intellectual not in this field, not in any field btw.

@hyperduality2838

Жыл бұрын

SINE is dual to COSINE -- the word 'co' means mutual and implies duality. Waves are dual. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Point particles are dual -- Generalization is dual to localization, wholes are dual to parts -- holons. Waves are dual to particles -- quantum duality. Alive is dual to not alive -- the Schrodinger's cat superposition. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

@paulbizard3493

Жыл бұрын

@hyperduality2838 Repent! As a representative of the true quantum dogma, I urge you to Repent!

@FryMonkey23

Жыл бұрын

​@@hyperduality2838 Crazy is dual to sane

@hyperduality2838

Жыл бұрын

@@FryMonkey23 Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence! "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Galois was actually killed in a duel (dual). Integration (summations, syntropy, synergy) is dual to differentiation (differences, entropy, energy). Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Synergy is dual to energy -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Energy is duality, duality is energy. Duality (energy) is being conserved! Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. There are new laws of physics.

You are extremely skilled at explaining concepts! Could I recommend a video on vector spaces? A lot of these explainers just glance over the vector space and I think it's key to understanding how "everything possibility happens at the same time" in QM.

Thanks Arvin! This was one of the best and most succinct intuitive “explanations” of “quantum mechanics”. It helps understand what it is and what it isn’t. It seems like a mathematic equation(s) verses an intuitive understanding of reality. The intuitive answers remain hidden within the equations that are used for quantum mechanics. It was very helpful as I try to generate more intuitive theories of my own.

@oremazz3754

Жыл бұрын

@@marcosolo6491 Since 2022 there has been a new interpretation that gives an intuitive understanding of quantum mechanics, even more, it proposes how to join it with the other core theory of modern physics (Relativity). In amazon, there is a short book that describes it (Space, main actor of quantum and relativistic theories). The clue is in understanding space as one step forward of Einstein's proposal; a dynamic space existence in oscillation (Schrodinger's wavefunction). From the intuitive concept that existence is a combination of stuff and media, the stuff is the elementary particles of the standard model and the media is the wavy space whose presence in 3D is intermittent. Two entities that coexist together! not one entity that sometimes is a particle, and another is a wave; so the particle will be present in 3D meanwhile its space is... no duality issue! it's simple as that. This oscillatory presence is the reason why energy is discrete (Planck's great contribution). On each new cycle, the particle will assume aleatorily only one of its many valid solutions; this is the reason why on all the measurements/observations there is only one valid solution present (name as collapse). For example, in a hydrogen atom, the space oscillates at a frequency of about 10^24, so if an observation of 1 femtosecond (10^-15) is done, the electron has been present 1 billion times; i.e., 10^9 eigenstates; this is why the math considers the superposition of solutions... at last! nothing weird about the measurement. This short explanation shows that modern physics can be intuitive... all the historic problem comes because the old interpretations were partially successful, leaving quantum theory with many unsolved questions... hope you will like it, regards

@oremazz3754

Жыл бұрын

@@marcosolo6491 You are right, this theory has a scientific paper. For a general person, I refer the Amazon booking that explain it in a simple language than a research paper. Nethertheless, what is important is the reasoning giren withan intuitive view. As any New theory, it will have people that will not accept and others that the will do.... an expirement it also proponed in another paper to verified this theory... veré interesting, hope you will lote it, regards

@MichaelQShaw

Жыл бұрын

If you say so

@hyperduality2838

Жыл бұрын

SINE is dual to COSINE -- the word 'co' means mutual and implies duality. Waves are dual. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Point particles are dual -- Generalization is dual to localization, wholes are dual to parts -- holons. Waves are dual to particles -- quantum duality. Alive is dual to not alive -- the Schrodinger's cat superposition. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

@freefall9832

Жыл бұрын

Misuse of mathematics. No mechanic involved.

Nice explanation, now you can naturally continue to mention coherences and virtual particles, as there actually are intermediate steps when a particle changes states. And also, that the quantized states only apply to bound particles, not to free ones - a nice concept to illustrate is the Dirac sea (and maybe expand on its importance in some of the less known GUTs) 🙂

Wow, beautiful Arvin Ash 🧡Thank you!

Thanks Arvin, for another great video on QM. Since it is a subject you have covered many times, explaining many different aspects of QM, have you ever considered making a video including more about the Philosophy of QM ? Without getting too technical, I mean the difference between what is actually "Real" (Ontology) and what we think we "Know" (Epistemology), might make for a different and interesting video. Thanks again Arvin and Best Wishes from Wales.

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

yes, it is a good idea.

@hyperduality2838

Жыл бұрын

Two state vectors related by a complex phase (a photon) are said to be in the same quantum state -- duality! SINE is dual to COSINE -- the word 'co' means mutual and implies duality. Waves are dual. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Point particles are dual -- Generalization is dual to localization, wholes are dual to parts -- holons. Waves are dual to particles -- quantum duality. Alive is dual to not alive -- the Schrodinger's cat superposition. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

Super video, I've watched lots of your videos and I'd been trying so hard to understand it better that I watched other channels and read some articles, I should have known you'd help me fill in the blanks eventually :)

This is actually the first quantum mechanics video that I could follow until the end ... nice explanation !

Thanks sir,you're really doing tremendous sort of work .students like us are very thankful teacher like you .🙏

When I was studying physics at university almost 40 years ago there were no resources such as yours, if there had been the outcome might have been completely different!

[Holds Arvin's beer] [Watches video] Sorry, your beer was in a superposition of full and empty.

@hyperduality2838

Жыл бұрын

Full is dual to empty. Two state vectors related by a complex phase (a photon) are said to be in the same quantum state -- duality! SINE is dual to COSINE -- the word 'co' means mutual and implies duality. Waves are dual. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Point particles are dual -- Generalization is dual to localization, wholes are dual to parts -- holons. Waves are dual to particles -- quantum duality. Alive is dual to not alive -- the Schrodinger's cat superposition. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

Hello Arvin, how are you. Am returning to your vids after a while. Right now I am enjoying northern lights in far north of Finland. The folklore in lapland goes that the aurora is a princess who is dancing! Thank you for yet another marvellous video on a topic so complex that great physicists also find it hard at times. My question to you is this : Do you agree with the approach taken by most schools across the world where children are still taught Neil Bohr's model as an introduction to atomic theory? Shouldn't it be the probability model which is more accurate?

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

yes, I agree that the probability model would be more accurate. The Bohr model however is useful in chemistry and as a stepping stone, but I do think that we underestimate what young students are capable of understanding.

@paulmichaelfreedman8334

Жыл бұрын

@@ArvinAsh The bohr model describes the collapsed wave function if you'd ask me. What we see and measure. Our seeming reality.

@shethtejas104

Жыл бұрын

​@@ArvinAsh Thank you for your time in answering my question. Your last line is profound and I agree with it. Young minds these days process a lot more information than we did in our youth. May be a supplementary chapter could be suffixed to physics textbooks of teenagers which would not be a part of exams (exams suck anyway), but would be there for purely voluntary reading. So for example, in the same text book where Netonian gravity is introduced, there could be a brief chapter at the end that would delve into how Einstein viewed gravity. Or, there could be a supplementary chapter on quantum mechanics. Schools are doing a very bad job on an average at stoking critical questioning and thinking. This could change. I am ranting so much because there are many things that I found out about physics/maths after I graduated purely because I had curiosity and there was google. Example : no body told me in school that a perfect circle doesn't exist. Or, the laws of physics are called laws not because someone derived them using maths but because we have observed something over and over and then formulated it into a law. Laws of Thermodynamics could well be violated but no one is yet to observe them. Give more chances to young minds to dare challenge what exists in maths/physics. 100% agreed.

@ooggabooga9348

Жыл бұрын

So true. Our class lectures in chemistry stopped at Neil Bohr's model and anything beyond it was never discussed even in higher classes. I am finding all about it from Arvin's videos. Also why it is included in chemistry?? Chemistry has limited use of this subject like explaining valency and chemical reactions and periodic table. This should be included in Physics so that younger people are better able to decide if they want to pursue this as higher studies.

Arvin! Never a misfluency. And such perfect writing. Leaves me speechless but always enlightened.

Thanks for another great video, Arvin!! 🙏

Dear Arvin, your content and presentation are first class, thank you so much for taking your precious time and educating us, I feel so lucky to have found you.

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

I appreciate that! Glad it was helpful.

@mrtienphysics666

Жыл бұрын

@@ArvinAsh these videos will inspire a new generation of physics students and potential physicists. Good job!

Nice video! I always like the basics. Funny, you show the electron orbit analogy is wrong, and then a minute later you show an electron orbiting a nucleus? I like videos like this, the basics are so important.

@juliavixen176

Жыл бұрын

The animations and pictures used in "Popular Science" style presentations like this one are extremely misleading, and do not communicate what is actually happening physically or mathematically. I don't know why they don't use better diagrams... oh actually I do know why: that would require actual time and effort, rather than licensing some cheep stock footage that looks cool, while the voice narration contains the actual information. There are much better videos on KZread that teach actual Quantum Mechanics. For example, @PhysicsExplainedVideos is really good. "Atoms and Sporks" @atomsandsporks6760 is really good. "Huygens Optics" is really good, and actually does real, physical, experiments; it's not all just math. There's lots more... um, "ScienceClic English" is good... "Looking Glass Universe"... "Simulating Physics" has some good videos of wave diffraction stuff... "Zap Physics" is good... there's a bunch, including full college course lectures.

@zeropain9319

Жыл бұрын

@@juliavixen176 thanks, that's a nice list of channels.

@hyperduality2838

Жыл бұрын

Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Two state vectors related by a complex phase (a photon) are said to be in the same quantum state -- duality! SINE is dual to COSINE -- the word 'co' means mutual and implies duality. Waves are dual. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Point particles are dual -- Generalization is dual to localization, wholes are dual to parts -- holons. Waves are dual to particles -- quantum duality. Alive is dual to not alive -- the Schrodinger's cat superposition. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

Nicely done!

I feel so much smarter after watching this... I feel like I understood something fundamental about the world

Another great explanatory video, thank you, Arvin!

The Measurement problem is indeed both fascinating and in some ways little scaring.

@hyperduality2838

Жыл бұрын

Two state vectors related by a complex phase (a photon) are said to be in the same quantum state -- duality! SINE is dual to COSINE -- the word 'co' means mutual and implies duality. Waves are dual. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Point particles are dual -- Generalization is dual to localization, wholes are dual to parts -- holons. Waves are dual to particles -- quantum duality. Alive is dual to not alive -- the Schrodinger's cat superposition. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

@David.b.nimble

Жыл бұрын

@@hyperduality2838 Except for God who is Three that are One.

@hyperduality2838

Жыл бұрын

@@David.b.nimble The concept of God is actually dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Curvature or gravitation is dual. Entropy is dual to evolution (syntropy) -- Janna Levin, cosmologist:- kzread.info/dash/bejne/hYZ_tbeHm6TOobw.html Randomness (chance, entropy) is dual to order (predictability, syntropy). "The association of ideas" -- David Hume on syntropy. Syntropy is the integration, union, convergence of ideas to form optimized predictions, expectations. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Objective randomness, natural selection, genetic mutation is the same and equal for all observers it therefore conforms to a principle of objective democracy. The lack of a target (randomness) conforms to objective democracy (a target) -- duality. Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. Duality is being conserved -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Energy is duality, duality is energy. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence, duality. There are new laws of physics! Being is dual to not being creates becoming -- Plato's cat. Alive is dual to not alive -- Schrodinger's cat. Thesis (alive, being) is dual to anti-thesis (not alive, non being) creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic or Hegel's cat. Schrodinger's cat is based upon Hegel's cat and he stole it from Plato (Socrates). Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. God (thesis) is dual to the Christ consciousness (anti-thesis) synthesizes the holy spirit or the mind/soul.

If only you had been my teacher in school and college ! Profound Thanks Arvin

Fantastic explanation. Thank you for bringing complex concepts to the realm of simplicity.

Arvin, thanks again for this wonderful piece of knowledge. I feel like nowadays we are not advancing at that speed which was around 19th Or 20 th century. I mean like there has not been much breakthroughs in science recently. We're not getting more brains like Einstein, newton, tesla etc. It would be great that we prioritize it again

@douglasstrother6584

Жыл бұрын

A Faraday & a Maxwell

@paulmichaelfreedman8334

Жыл бұрын

Progress often comes in leaps and bounds. What these guys put together 100 years ago was enough to keep us busy right up to the here and now and into the foreseeable future. What they put forth were theories, that needed to be proven. Not so long ago, there finally was proof of time dilation in a gravitational field, and it took a while to prove lorentz contraction too. All predicted by Einstein's Theory of General and Special relativity. QM predicted a bunch of particles, and it took over 60 years to prove 80% of them. The final one, the Higgs boson, postulated in 1964, was finally confirmed in 2012 by the LHC. Not until these theories have been proven or disproven, and understood, can there be new progress. It's called standing on the shoulders of giants. And there's probably tons more to be discovered on levels we haven't dreamed of yet.

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

It might seem like we haven't but we actually have had quite a few breakthroughs. For example, the Higgs boson, discovery of Dark Energy are two of the most significant. The JWST will probably make other significant contributions.

@douglasstrother6584

Жыл бұрын

@@ArvinAsh I suspect that the James Webb Space Telescope will give us data/observations, in conjuction with Hubble (Old 'Scopes Rule!) that will revolutionize Cosmology comparable to "The Ultraviolet Catastrophe".

@hyperduality2838

Жыл бұрын

Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Two state vectors related by a complex phase (a photon) are said to be in the same quantum state -- duality! SINE is dual to COSINE -- the word 'co' means mutual and implies duality. Waves are dual. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Point particles are dual -- Generalization is dual to localization, wholes are dual to parts -- holons. Waves are dual to particles -- quantum duality. Alive is dual to not alive -- the Schrodinger's cat superposition. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

Superb, Arvin. Just wondering where does Dirac's equation fit into this picture? Doesn't it bring together Schrodinger's equation and Heisenberg's matrices and makes them compatible with Special Relativity? Why is this aspect of quantum mechanics usually left out of such discussions?

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

Schrodinger's equation is non-relativistic. This is where Dirac's equation fills some gaps. But it is much more esoteric and imo is not necessary to understand the overall picture of quantum mechanics in an intuitive way.

@thedeemon

Жыл бұрын

Dirac's equation is a big step from QM towards Quantum Field Theory which is much harder to understand intuitively and explain.

Great job! I love your videos in part because you refuse to conflate the fascinating fundamentals of physics with a personal pet hypothesis or philosophy. Though you are willing to express opinions, you don't disguise them or hype them. And you clearly acknowledges the limits of what we currently know. Indeed, a simple straightforward explanation of the basics. I'll be sharing this with my QM classes!

@schmetterling4477

6 ай бұрын

You are sharing internet nonsense with other students? Dude, there goes everybody's respect for you. ;-)

This is th best simplified explanation of quantum physics I have heard

Thanks a lot! 3:12 The problem is that we only observe particles, or at least particle-like behavior whenever we detect these quantum objects. This phenomenon can be seen in places like a cloud chamber and particle accelerators. The subatomic objects seem to behave like particles, not waves. So to incorporate this into our quantum mechanics theory, the concepts of measurement was introduced. So, you'll hear phyiscists say, at least in the most common interpretation of quantum mechanics, that whenever a measuement is made, the wave collapses and becomes a very localized wave, which effectively makes it look and behave like a particle. Measurement means an interaction, and interactionofthe quantum object with some kind of measuring device, more specifically an irreversible exchangeof energy somewhere in the measurement process. 4:07 This seems nice and clean. But there is a huge problem. 4:09 No one can explain how or why this so called "wave collapse" occurs throught measuement. This is called the "measurement problem" in quantum mechanics. And since all our information comes from a measurement of some kind, we can never directly see or touch this quantum world. Everything we observe must go through this measueing process that seems to results in the conversion of quantum objects into particles like the classical world we are familiar with. So how this wave evolves according the Schrodinger equation, while highly accurate in making predictions, is never actually seen. 4:44 Like I showed two videos ago, ultimately quantum theory boils down to a theory of interacting harmonic oscilators combined with a measurement postulate. 4:59 But no one can explain how the interactions of the harmonic oscilators are different than the interaction of the measurement device. If we really want to understand reality, this is a fundamental problem that we need to resolve. Now, having said all this, let me add, 5:17 that not resolving the measurement problem, has not prevented us from predicting and measuring outcomes from these equations. There is a philosophy called, "just shut up and calculate " - meaning, don't worry about what's really going on. If the bottom line is that all our equations work, and are highly accurate, that's all we should care about. 5:38 👍I don't subscribe to this kind of thinking myself because I think that the purpose of scientists, particularly physicists is to explain the inner workings of the universe, not simply create equation that make predictions without a deep understanding. 5:53 In 5:59 In Quantum mechanics, objects have wave-like behavior. They are more specifically described by wave functions, which are abstract mathematical solutions to the Schrodinger equation. These waves aren't localized but instead take up all of space. 6:15 🙏It isn't until you look for a particle that it becomes what appears to be a particle; before that, the particle is a collection of probability waves that theoretically extend out to the entire universe. 6:26 Now, this has some pretty profound consequences. 9:04 wavelength equals Planck's constant divided by momentum. But for large objects, the momentum is so much bigger than the Planck's constant, that their wavelenths are an undetectable fraction of their physical size - so we can never notice their quantum mechanical properties. For example, the wavelength of something the size of a tennis ball moving 10 meters / second, is 10^-33 m. This is less than the width of a proton. So we would never notice it. 9:31 A second consequene of wave-like behavior is nonlocality. A wave exists over multple regions of space. This nonlocality explains interference, but it also means that waves can add together to give complex interference patterns. So waves of multiple particles can add together to give a single wavefunction corresponding to multiple particles. This givesriseto a strange correlations between such particles, in a phenomenon called "Entanglement." 9:58 Einstain called this, "Spooky action at a distance" because it appears to indicate instant communication between distant objects at faster than the speed of light, which is forbidden by Relativity theory. 10:11 But while two or more objects are correlated, no communication is acutally happening. Correlation does not mean communication. The wave behavior of electrons are mans that the concepts of circular orbits of electrons around the nucleus of atoms, that you commonly see everyhwere when an atom is depicted, is wrong. 10:36 A better picture is that they exist in a well-defined probability cloud around the nucleus that might look more like this.

Plz explain maths of quantum mechanics & string theory

@manimegalai.r7999

Жыл бұрын

Yes sir

@manimegalai.r7999

Жыл бұрын

🥺🥺🥺

@anywallsocket

Жыл бұрын

he would have to learn it first lol

This is the best video I 've ever seen. I would like someday to discuss with you some ideas I have about the universe, the time and the possible virtual futures of it.

Lookin good Arvin! Thanks for another great video!

-Do you understand quantum physics? -Yes -That means you don't!

@photon434

Жыл бұрын

Best case scenario, "If you know you're ignorant, you're not stupid."

We are objects made of particles. Thinking of that can be existential and kinda weird. Thanks for all you do.

@rohannashikkar810

Жыл бұрын

Ummm we are objects made of WAVES which act as PARTICLES.

@MichaelVLang

Жыл бұрын

@@rohannashikkar810 Ummm thanks for the feedback!

Much respect to this channel because most other "educational" channels would make the first 2:23 minutes of this video into a 15 minute video full of fluff

Detection does NOT necessarily imply "particle." (1:22) An alternative explanation is that the rest of the wave jumped to the detection point, even though some of the wave may have been far away a moment earlier. This behavior violates the Locality assumption, but not enough is known about the fundamental nature of spacetime to have confidence in Locality, particularly given other "spooky action at a distance" phenomena such as entanglement and wavefunction collapse. There's plenty of evidence to support the conclusion that matter travels as waves, not particles... interference in particular.

Your style, mannerisms,"aura" etc are that of a teacher ?i mean it in the most positive way. Are you, by any chance, a teacher? Ps: great vid, as always 💙

Great vid Arvin! I agree equations are the backbone but how we interpret them gives us the usefulness of the equations. It's imprecise but that means they are always available for improvement! Only religion and Sith speak in certainties.

@hyperduality2838

Жыл бұрын

"Sith lords come in pairs (duals)" -- Obi Wan Kenobi. Two state vectors related by a complex phase (a photon) are said to be in the same quantum state -- duality! SINE is dual to COSINE -- the word 'co' means mutual and implies duality. Waves are dual. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Point particles are dual -- Generalization is dual to localization, wholes are dual to parts -- holons. Waves are dual to particles -- quantum duality. Alive is dual to not alive -- the Schrodinger's cat superposition. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

@David.b.nimble

Жыл бұрын

@@hyperduality2838 like the 12 sons of Israel and their counterpart in the new covenant, the 12 apostles

@captainzappbrannagan

Жыл бұрын

@@hyperduality2838 Symmetry in the universe is not total but almost total. Must be some fundamental force / energy reason.

@hyperduality2838

Жыл бұрын

@@David.b.nimble The council of Nicaea in 325 AD was set up to answer the question, "Is the Christ consciousness the same substance as God or different?". Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. Perpendicularity, orthogonality = duality, sine is perpendicular to cosine. The Christian cross is composed of two perpendicular lines. Christians have been worshipping duality for thousands of years. The Catholic church is based upon the council of Nicaea.

@hyperduality2838

Жыл бұрын

@@captainzappbrannagan Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Curvature or gravitation is dual. Entropy is dual to evolution (syntropy) -- Janna Levin, cosmologist:- kzread.info/dash/bejne/hYZ_tbeHm6TOobw.html Randomness (chance, entropy) is dual to order (predictability, syntropy). "The association of ideas" -- David Hume on syntropy. Syntropy is the integration, union, convergence of ideas to form optimized predictions, expectations. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Objective randomness, natural selection, genetic mutation is the same and equal for all observers it therefore conforms to a principle of objective democracy. The lack of a target (randomness) conforms to objective democracy (a target) -- duality. Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. Duality is being conserved -- the 5th law of thermodynamics! Energy is duality, duality is energy. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence, duality. There are new laws of physics! Being is dual to not being creates becoming -- Plato's cat. Alive is dual to not alive -- Schrodinger's cat. Thesis (alive, being) is dual to anti-thesis (not alive, non being) creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic or Hegel's cat. Schrodinger's cat is based upon Hegel's cat and he stole it from Plato (Socrates). Symmetric matrices (real eigenvalues) are dual to anti-symmetric matrices (complex eigenvalues). Symmetric wave functions (waves, Bosons) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (particles, Fermions) -- quantum duality. Bosons are dual to Fermions --atomic duality.

Einstein did not think entanglement was spooky in of itself, he thought the instantaneous 'effect' of measuring one entangled pair on the other was spooky. And the measurement problem is still unresolved, so nature remains spooky.

Not measurements make particle-like behaviors, but its wavy behavior itself that somewhat resembles (not quite, but still) standing waves. There is clear distinction between measurement part of QM and wave function part (just take unitary evolution operator and non-unitary measurement operators for example). Actually if we consider QM as methodology and actual models like Schrödinger equation like distinct theories or models, that it will make much more sense, and QM become just a methodology of measuring wave functions, with which we can build different models like Schrödinger equation, Pauli equation e.t.c. "No one can explain how wave collapse occurs" - actually not, there is an explanation, and quite correct one: wave function (that representing all our knowledge about system, by definition) collapse is just a process of bayesian update of that knowledge, that results in collapse. Collapse is not a physical process, it is artifact of scientific method, and it appear in every developed enough field of science, but it so pronounced only in specific fields, like QM. The Measurement problem is actually, as it seems to me, more educational problem, and it is more deep that it seems, and it apllies to whole science including mathematics (where there is a debate about proper definition of probability as limit of consecutive measurements (classical one) or measure of our ignorance/knowledge (bayesian one)). What can be deeper than equation? Model? May be model is deeper, but I think that author is not talking about whole model, but instead about not scientific but philosophical... things. 11:34 - Wrong, its wave function (or more precisely whole atom wave function) is evolved in smooth continuous way despite of discrete nature of its basis in given set of physical quantities. And then we take a measurement and collapse it in one of particular basis state. Actually nature of QM is continuous due continuity nature of wave function. Discreteness is emerged from continuity in specific cases (simplest one: just any potential well). Otherwise this video is quite good. Not mathematical and correct enough for me, but I'm just some nerd and not target audience. And stuff mentioned above has not been fully settled down yet even in theoretical physics community.

Perhaps the explanation for the Heisenberg uncertainty is that the amount of information in the universe is fixed. If more information is "extracted" in one part, it has to be "subtracted" somewhere else. Well, this is my way of thinking about it but it might be complete B.S. 😜

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

I don't think that is the case. The amount of information is increasing - this is part of the increasing entropy that we observe in the universe. Take your brain for example, as you gain more memories, the amount of information increases.

@allgood1710

Жыл бұрын

Increasing information in relation to intelligence implies decreasing entropy because that information becomes more organized.

Ok, we, as outside observers, see either a particle or a wave, but what or how would the inside observer - the particle/wave - see itself as being?

@fragileomniscience7647

Жыл бұрын

What does that even mean? For measurement you need an external mechanism to interact with its field, which funny enough amounts to verification. Inside it there is no such frame of reference.

@henriquewaxman8957

Жыл бұрын

Same thing, it's not that we see it as particle or wave, it IS a particle/wave until it interacts with anything(even a massless photon)

@paulheinrich7645

Жыл бұрын

@@fragileomniscience7647 I just figure a tennis ball would know it’s a tennis ball, but wonder if a particle would know it was a particle or if it somehow knew it only might be.

@anywallsocket

Жыл бұрын

@@uptrade8507 that is a leading theory -- see emergent gravity

@juliavixen176

Жыл бұрын

This really really depends on exactly which of the two dozen fundamental "particles" you are asking the question for. So... first of all, in Quantum Field Theory, particles are not really a "thing" that exist at one location in space and time. Each fundamental field exists everywhere in space, and what we call, in English, a "particle" is where the field is "perturbed" with a higher potential energy than the "vacuum" (where the field is at its lowest energy). That's why every electron in the universe appears to be identical... because they're all just lumps in the same electron field that fills the entire universe. (And... also, believe it or not, but whether or not a particle is detected by one moving observer or another is observer dependent. Particles don't really have an objective physical existence.) Anyway, that being said... to answer your question, particles "quote particles" with zero rest mass do not experience time or space. The instant they are emitted and the instant they are absorbed are exactly the same instant from their point of view. So, "photons" and "gluons", and at extremely high temperatures (above 8000000000°C) most of the other particles too. A so-called "photon" is a small chunk of the electromagnetic force field that fills the entire universe, that piece we gave a name to, because you can filter it that piece with the electron in your favorite atom. (Or a gamma ray with the nucleus.) Just like you can use a long wire as a radio antenna... for "photons" with a wavelength from a centimeter to hundreds of meters in length... The electromagnetic field is like water waves in the middle of the ocean... mostly random and all different sizes and directions. A small boat and a big boat will get rocked back and forth by different amounts, from waves of different sizes... just like an electron or proton does by electromagnetic waves. Because, what an electromagnetic wave *is*, is the time delayed electric force of one charged thingy, viewed by another charged thingy. That's it... Let's say you have an electron and proton at rest, some distance apart (not in orbit or anything, just floating free in space). They feel an attractive force between them. Grab the proton, and vigorously shake it back and forth. The electron sees the proton move, and starts to follow it (with some time delay). Congratulations, you've created light! An electromagnetic wave that transferred momentum from your wiggily proton, to your distant electron floating around somewhere far away. Anyway, so a "photon" is a useful calculation tool, but it's not a physically real thing that exists by itself... Like, you can listen to music, and say: "That note's pitch is middle C#", but musical notes are not actually a real "thing", it's a way to communicate about a small part of a large waveform. So is a photon. Now... for "particles" with mass, there is a lot more going on. Most mass comes from confinement, but you can't confine anything if it's just going to wizz off at the speed of light. The tiny amount of mass to get things to slow down comes from "right handed particles" interacting (via Weak Force) with the Higgs Field. (Right handedness is observer dependent, by the way.) So... they get inertial from smacking into more of the Higgs field going in one direction than the other. Remember: inertia is resistance to acceleration. (Velocity has no resistance to movement... yeah, think about it for a bit, inertia is weird.) (I'm trying to say, it's completely different from friction or viscosity-- those things are functions of velocity. Inertia is a function of acceleration, not velocity.) You know it's 01:30 in the morning here and I should sleep rather than explain the origins of mass, and spacetime, and why things travel slower than light... anyway, particles with mass are constantly interacting with other particles quintillions of times per second... and they're kinda like a little wave bouncing back and forth and back and forth and back and forth, etc. in a small area, very quickly... and only half of the time they are interacting, and the other half of the time they are not, so they can actually make some forward progress on moving. (And aren't stuck in one place.) It's all waves.

Another excellent explanatory video.

Brilliant explanation. Thank you!

I told my math teacher once, "Just shut up and calculate." I was promptly escorted to the Principal's office.

I've done the double slit experiment using a laser.

@lmaolpha_male

Жыл бұрын

could you explain how you did that ?

@KiloDeltaOneSierra

Жыл бұрын

@@lmaolpha_male yeah its easy. Lay pencil leads leaving two slits. Shine laser at this and you'll see a wave interference pattern emerge

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

Good for you!

Thanks Arvin, that was one of the best, most coherent explanations I have ever heard.

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

Glad it was helpful!

The Uncertainty Principle is a general consequence of wave packets, not just QM. The "shut up & calculate" has practical merit (Atomic Physics, Condensed Matter, Chemistry, etc.), but, indeed, this view begs the question of truly understanding a theory that seems to be correct.

Our minds collapse the wave

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

That's an interesting thought, but wave collapse occurs whether a mind is involved or not.

@GoblinMode3004

Жыл бұрын

Wrong, incorrect. Observers are simply anything that causes an interaction, conciousness/monkey brains have nothing, absolutely zero to do with it. The universe would exist without you specifically looking at it as long as *something* is interacting.

@tc871comments

Жыл бұрын

@@ArvinAsh and what is your proof that the wave collapses regardless?

@tc871comments

Жыл бұрын

@@GoblinMode3004 First not all acts of observation are Interactive. 2nd wave function and it's data remain as a wave function superposition until the data has been reviewed by a conscious mind. So when you use the word SOMETHING... that something must have a conscious mind. One of my favorite sci-fi analogies for the double slit experiment is the Star Trek episode Measure of a Man where data is trying to convince everyone that he is alive and has consciousness. I used to think that data could answer this question for himself by performing a double slit experiment. But because the nature of quantum wave functions not only Traverse infinite distances but also run backwards in time. This means that data could never divulge his findings to another life-form with a conscious mind otherwise whatever he observed from his experiment would not be his own theoretical consciousness that rendered the results but rather whoever it is that he is divulging the data to. This understanding of quantum wave function would seem to be reinforced by the "Delayed Choice Quantum eraser" phenomenon. If as you allege any form of quantification would cause a wave function to irreversibly collapse, then erasure of the data would not be able to turn the detected pattern back into a wave function. 3rd... my own ego plays absolutely no part in my analysis of quantum mechanics. I'm very well aware that the Universe existed before me and will continue to exist after I'm gone. But judging by the way you speak with such definitive conviction perhaps you should practice a little humility yourself.

@GoblinMode3004

Жыл бұрын

@TC871 COMMENTS man literally wrote a whole novel detailing how he's fundamentally misunderstanding several interpretations of QM at once 💀

I really enjoy your content. Thank you ❤

Arvin sir! You are one of my best professor, thank you so much, I would like to ask a couple of questions if you could answer me

Wow! what a excellent lecture ❤

I think this is my favorite video on qm!

Great vid like usual!

I had to watch this video twice. I wanted to watch it the day it came out but I did not have the time on the day it came out. It seems to touch on the answer but covers so much it leaves a mind bewildered. I have a feeling physicists have to realize that everything being in motion through the various universal energy fields is part of the solution. A fixed fully controlled experiment on earth concerning the quantum realm just does not exist. When a computer can compute the relative motion of particles through the universe energy fields than the answer might be possible. I am currently under the impression that humans do not even know all the various energy fields involved. On a side note I have heard one wild speculation that there might only exist one electron wave that pervades all of space and time.

Yay! A New Arvin Video!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Arvin you are the best science teacher I’ve ever had!

Awesome, beautifoul, im Chymestry farmacology student and this videos are very help me in chemystry. Please, relize more videos about chymestry and physics, or quantum mecanics and biology, I LOVE YOU SO MUCH, SALUDOS DESDE MEXICO WEY

Fantastic explanation Arvin! Many "explainers" try to make quantum mechanics sound mysterious by describing the behavior of waves, all the while depicting the "particles" as colored balls or marbles. Of course that makes it seem complex, unintuitive, and confounding. Once we start thinking and visualizing waves, that leaves really one major confounding aspect… the measurement problem.

@hyperduality2838

Жыл бұрын

Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Two state vectors related by a complex phase (a photon) are said to be in the same quantum state -- duality! SINE is dual to COSINE -- the word 'co' means mutual and implies duality. Waves are dual. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Point particles are dual -- Generalization is dual to localization, wholes are dual to parts -- holons. Waves are dual to particles -- quantum duality. Alive is dual to not alive -- the Schrodinger's cat superposition. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

Great explanation.

That was great. Thank you!

What are the music soundtracks you're using? They give quantum mechanics an even more visceral feeling love it!

One of the more enjoyable episodes of "Complex Question Explained Simply"

Wave function is a rendering code. Particel is a rendered pixel. Measurement is the active player playing the game. Now everything will be way easier to understood

Outstanding !!

You earned another subscriber bro :)

Thank you for making an article on the concept of what measurement actually is :).

Your amazing with language… find the right words to explain this in the context of historical meanings… quite a smart guy.

It was nice to give you guys that night on your screen that you look at and study

Excellent!!

So, when I was mowing the lawn the other day, I had this great analogy pop in my head to help explain the odd behavior of quantum systems. The brain imitates and/or acts exactly like a quantum system. Thought, like light, can be observed behaving both as a wave, and as a fixed point/particle. So, while you're having your thought, until you quantify it, it exists as a wave, but once you quantify it, i.e... examine it in your frontal lobe, it becomes a single point, which, then you can take and store as a fixed point in your memory. And here's the thing that makes it act like a quantum system. Before you quantify it. That thought, " that decision particle you're about measure and record, " can exist in every possible state at once, both yes and no, and everything in-between. Right up until the moment you register it... and then, once quantified, it becomes a single recorded state... and here's where it gets fun... because of the way the brain works, one experience, one fact, or mode of thought, built one upon another, (a linear progression over time). Learning something new, (ie. quantifying a new variable), can change the registered state of all the previous variables ever recorded, effectively causing them to switch between their " positive or negative " positions. So thought itself, seems to prove, beyond a doubt, an action, an experience, a new fact, learned and quantified in the future, can and will, literally change the "spin or position" of multiple fixed points (thoughts) quantified in the past. This gave me a chuckle.

An opinion I have: Quantum mechanics would probably make more sense if we started using the word “quantum” (plural: “quanta”) as a noun itself, because that word doesn’t compel you to think of quanta as always discrete particles or should-be-divisible waves. Like, a quantum is any object that exhibits quantum mechanics (wave-particle duality, does that weird thing with the double-slit experiment, etc.) Electrons, photons, quarks, protons, atoms, and molecules are all quanta. Some are elementary quanta (the quanta of the standard model), and others are composite quanta (nucleons, atoms, molecules).

Arvin, why would you use a visual of the Bohr orbital electron model to illustrate the discrete change of energy from 3.4eV to 13.6eV (time code 11:09)? Wouldn't it have been better to show the probability cloud changing instantaneously?

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

That's a nice suggestion. I agree that would be better.

This is fantastic, I seldom subscribe after one video but this is a worthy exception.

I wanted to say that perhaps the wave doesn't collapse because it is observed. Perhaps the wave like propagation can only be observed when a certain threshold is reached much like when waves interact, their peaks can combine. This might (in the double slit experiment, for example) give the appearance of a particle being observed, but there is no actual particle present. Then you showed the trails in the bubble chamber, and my idea of thresholds couldn't explain it.

Good article.

Outstanding, Professor Ash! I missed this last month, or your next video would have sunk in better. Just like photons ejected by atoms are a copy of the original light, electrons moving about nuclei are also copies. I wonder if these changes in energy state cause a gravity wave as well as a light wave.

Just a comment. According to Sabine Hossenfelder, Einstein did not name a "spooky action at a distance" to the apparent communication between entangled particles, but to the fact that the entangled particles' functions would collapse simultaneously when each was merrily progressing in time, and even separated by large distances. At least that's what she interpreted from the original paper where the phrase appeared (in German).

Arvin, you are giving great explanations. Keep up your great work and I have learnt so much from your videos, so thank you. I have some questions about quantum mechanics which I am not sure i understand. If you can explain whenever you get a chance that would be great. You made a comment that Newtons laws are in the realm of quantum mechanics which basically then implies quantum mechanics is more fundamental. I am not sure about that statement. From what I understand, you can derive newtons laws but I have seen only derivations for conservative forces. Friction and nonconservative forces play a central role in mechanics which cannot be swept under the rug. Also, I am not sure if turbulence and chaos can be explained by quantum mechanics. My another comment is the following which seems people are overstating than necessary: The comment is that quantum mechanics is the most useful theory with several applications, or there are numerous devices that currently use quantum mechanical principles. Can you clarify on this? From what I understand, if Schrondingers equation like Newtons laws is at the heart of quantum mechanics, then how many devices currently use Schrodingers equation in day to day life? There are quantum computers and cryptography that people are working on, but it is still under research. If these devices use the discrete energy levels of electrons, then maybe that is what should be said....anyways pardon me if i made any mistakes. Thank you for reading.

If you added an interaction with the virtual particle-antiparticle background, such that a virtual antiparticle cancelled out all of the "collapsed" part of the wavefunction, whilst the corresponding virtual particle "augmented" and "reinforced" the actualized "measured" part of the wavefunction, then you could explain "measurement collapse" via "creation / annihilation" interactions with the virtual particle-antiparticle background

Thank You 🙏🏻

Very satisfying

I think the standard terminology for a lot of these things is more of a hindrance than a help, at least for undergrads. Words like "particle", "orbit", and "spin" imply that subatomic phenomena are far more similar to macroscopic objects than is actually the case. People read these words and imagine that particles are itty bitty pieces of matter, with all the properties we expect matter to have: a specific well-defined size and shape (both of which are in fact emergent properties of the relative positions of large numbers of atoms or molecules), a meaningful distinction between one side of the object and the other, a very specifically defined position at each moment in time, and so on, all things that are not only untrue, but seriously misleading when it comes to subatomic phenomena. Heck, some of them don't even have a well-defined mass. The Bohr model arguably exacerbates this problem, especially when the atom is compared to a star system with planets, a disturbingly common analogy that is so seriously misleading, it can go toe to toe with flat earth. Even in your own video here, you discuss the idea that the "orbit" of electrons might "decay" as in Newtonian mechanics, as if they had an orbital velocity in the first place. This is fundamentally absurd, unless you forget that "orbit", like almost all other words in the quantum world, means something completely different from and pretty much entirely unrelated to what it would mean in classical mechanics.

I'd be very interested in your view of the two new papers published in the Astronomical Journal on SMBH Cosmological Coupling and the possibility that dark energy could be explained by vacuum energy being accumulated by SMBHs. Also the implications that blackholes wouldn't necessarily evaporate due to Hawking radiation, but could be sustained by this process of vacuum energy (and hence mass) accumulation.

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

I am making a video on that. Stay tuned.

Excellent.... thanks 🙏.

Always love your videos 🔥 ❣️❣️❣️❣️❣️❣️❣️❣️❣️❣️

Merci beaucoup Thanks from France

When I visualize this process. Asking where is the electron in the electron field, is like asking where is magnetism in a magnetic field. Or like dropping a small magnet in a large container of ferromagnetic fluid and asking, "where is the ferromagnetic fluid?". With the answer of "the fluid is densest around the magnet". The act of measuring seems to be like a strong magnet disrupting the field. causing the electron cloud density to collapse from even distribution to uneven distribution of density. The wave function is even distribution. The double slit experiment is even distribution with the electron field being densest at either equally. If we can measure for an electrons position in it's cloud, then we can do it at two points. Perhaps we can only detect clumps of 50% or more of the total cloud. Interesting to see if we can detect multiple electron densities or collapsed probabilitys from what should be a collapse into a single particle. Without disruption the field density should be even throughout. For the electron jumping levels, it seems like density increases until it reaches limit. Then like a highly pressurized gas, it breaks free and escapes near instantly. When the density is too thin it is the opposite. That's just how my uneducated mind tries to explain how I visualize and understand.

Thanks for your explanation. I have watched Nova presentations. I have watched Sabine and others and didn't get it. In fact I am going to watch your explanation again.

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

Glad it was helpful!

Arvin you have really done wonder to generate passion to learn the quantum mechanics , your explanations are very easy to follow with some background knowledge in physics Jayanta Basu Mumbai India

So Non-locality is intuitive? Love your videos!! I just don't see how current experiments back up that statement!! Didn't they just split and entangled photon four ways, and effed with one and the other three behaved exactly as expected as entangled particles? I'm definitely not a physicist so I have to take the word of those running these experiments but I thought that's where we're at. Would love some enlightenment!! Thanks much!!

` 👽 Arvin: You're my favorite teacher in this fascinating subject. Thanks a bunch.

The Measurement Problem seems to be related to Entanglement. A light wave transforms instantly from being a probability wave that stretches across the universe to being a point of light on my 3D+T measurement panel. It's like when I put a vibration into the EM Field, it has its own "layer" if you will of spacetime that can't be affected by the lightwaves behind it, and cannot affect the lightwaves in front of it. It has its own universe within which to travel, yet probability has lured it to collapse in that spot on our screen. And it's actually the EM Field that's doing the waving. So maybe, the Planck Length is the culprit. Maybe the wave can travel lackadaisically through spacetime as a wave in superposition, but when it's time to convert it to 3D+T, the Planck Length marshals the energy transfer. And if there's not enough of the wave there, sorry, no photon for you! Just another ramble... Sorry world 🙏

@schmetterling4477

Жыл бұрын

There is no measurement problem. There are only people who didn't pay attention in school. ;-)

There are many probability distributions. I think it is remarkable that the wave equations follow a normal distribution pattern to predict where the particle exists.

thank you

so in the double slit experient when the electron has a position or particle behavior on the screen, is it then still having wave like behavior, but just much much less as it appears to be a particle (just like macro objects) or is it 100% particle and no more wavelike behavior? And another question, is it because it gets entangled with the enviroment(the screen) it collapses. Like is that due to it getting entangled with the particles of the screen? or does this have nothing to do with entanglement

A thing That is never really explained, which I hope you can explain Arvin, is how and when these particles jump between being waves and particles? Imagine, like you have in this video, a tennis ball that gets hit and flies through the air. The collected sum of entangled atoms flies through the air while being in a wave? Do they get converted to particles whenever they hit something? Do they get converted back to a wave when bouncing back again? What about the air atoms? Or maybe it will stay a wave until all its energy gets transferred to another medium, effectively disintegrating the ball?

@TheMyguitarisblue

Жыл бұрын

There is no "conversion" between particles and waves. Particles are ALWAYS waves, or more accurately, they always display wavelike behavior.

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

Lazy Paraoh is correct. In modern physics, there is a process called decoherence, which is the process of ever-expanding entanglement, which is what we now loosely refer to as the process of "wave collapse." - I made a video about it here, if you want to know more: kzread.info/dash/bejne/p6KWwduompS7o84.html

John Wheeler says that "knowledge of the which way information" is what collapses the wave function and believe me he should know because he checked this out VERY thoroughly before any of us were even born.

@ArvinAsh

Жыл бұрын

He was a brilliant man, but some of his ideas are a bit crack pot. Knowledge really has nothing to do with the idea of wave function collapse. It collapses whether any human has knowledge of it or not. It is a mechanical process.

My best quantum story. A friend used to send me ads for woo stuff. One was from a woman who "Understood" quantum (sic) and how our bodies are regulated by it. I fast forwarded through the 10 min video and discovered she was actually selling (for 60$) a book on magic.

Thanku Arvin for such well explanatory videos! I wanted to know if could it be that photons travel as particles in the trajectory of waves because they vibrate..? And when observed, they take a position otherwise they travel in the form of wave one after the other photon without much distance between them.. Hence both particle like and wave like behavior.. What do you think?