Harald Hardrada, a true Mount and Blade character.

@wanalvin3865

2 жыл бұрын

Lmao

@hashimirasama

2 жыл бұрын

Sturgia Forever!!!!

@darthvenator2487

2 жыл бұрын

He was nothing compared to Xiang Yu from Western Chu. In the battle of Pengcheng Xiang Yu with only 30,000 men defeated Liu Bang's army of 560,000 men managing to kill 200,000 enemies. I doubt that Harald Hardrada would have lasted 5 seconds against him.

@marcusviniciusmagalhaesdea3779

2 жыл бұрын

@@darthvenator2487 dude, it's not a competition

@justinlabrosse8506

2 жыл бұрын

I'm glad I'm not the only one who probably spent hundreds of hours asking the local town leader's what tasks need to be done lmfaooo

A complete 1 hour 9 minutes and 40 seconds of full saga, *WITHOUT ADDS?!* I'm living my history nerd dream today!

@seabizkitsngravy

Жыл бұрын

The ad was at the very beginning of the video lol

@quickslash6782

Жыл бұрын

Same

@floridanews8786

Жыл бұрын

Same, king William was my great great so on and so forth grandfather. It was super cool to hear him mentioned.

This dude was soo bad ass. What a life. They need to make a movie out of this legend story.

@oceanmasterproductions9939

Жыл бұрын

There's a tv show

@pcfekarlos

Жыл бұрын

@@oceanmasterproductions9939 is there? What's it called?

@oceanmasterproductions9939

Жыл бұрын

@@pcfekarlos Vikings valahala lol

@pcfekarlos

Жыл бұрын

@@oceanmasterproductions9939 that's pure fantasy lol I meant he needs a proper movie that's accurate for the most part unlike Vikings and Valhalla which have historical figures but is just pure entertainment with a light sprinkling of accuracy 😂 ... btw I do love both shows.

@MrMasterarms

Жыл бұрын

As long if they made it historically acurate. I would 100% get addicted to that series.

He was 18 when he went to Byzantium.. Jesus I need to do something with my life

@AeneasGemini

2 жыл бұрын

In those days accomplishing something was a lot easier. All you needed was bloodlust and a sword, perhaps in some cases it's better to be an underachiever....

@ThiccboiSalmon

2 жыл бұрын

@@AeneasGemini He was also a minor noblemen with a large number of men pledged to him. I am pretty sure that the Byzantines wouldn't have allowed any old joe with a blunt lumber axe into their imperial guard.

@2070paradigmshift

2 жыл бұрын

Reclaim Byzantium. That's a good start.

@IinferusS

2 жыл бұрын

He was a noble

@quintincastro7430

2 жыл бұрын

Join a mercenary band and see how far you get

Vikings in the Middle East is the most fucking epic sounding thing ever

What an amazing life. His descendants might have even ruled England for a thousand years if he'd delayed his invasion for a month.

@lawyeroutlaw

2 жыл бұрын

Nah, William The Bastard was always going to win that conquest.

@omgraggy5358

2 жыл бұрын

@@lawyeroutlaw he was lucky

@sultanmalik9808

2 жыл бұрын

@@lawyeroutlaw He had spectacular timing.

@AeneasGemini

2 жыл бұрын

British history would be completely different. Instead of having a Francophile culture for generations we'd be Nordic. No hundred years war, which would change absolutely everything that followed. What's more there'd be a good chance that we'd have had a more Scandanavian flavour to Christianity

@AeneasGemini

2 жыл бұрын

@@lawyeroutlaw No he wasn't, he was actually the least capable of the three. Harold Godwinson was the best administrator and the best battlefield commander. The only reason he lost was that his army was battle-weary from a forced march and therefore less disciplined. If Harold had had just a few extra days William would've lost handily.

For even an experienced veteran like Hadrada to feel comfortable in leaving armour and heavy equipment at camp when venturing to Stamford bridge, shows just how rapid Godwinson was at marching north. The lesson is no matter how chill things seem, always be prepared for a serious battle! Haha

For many, Harold Hardrada is the one who failed at getting England. After watching this, I'd say he was the one who finally failed at something after failing to fail so many times before.

@rhysnichols8608

Жыл бұрын

Yeah, his outstanding career outshines his ultimate loss.

@nathansullivan4433

Ай бұрын

Yeah Harald Hardrada was basically the ultimate Viking badass! Kind of like a real life God of War character which makes him even cooler

At site of battle of stamford bridge they found sabers and armour from the east lots of the men that served with harold in varangian guard followd him till the end

For me the greatest of the Vikings will always be Erik the Red, its rather criminal how underrated and unknown the Vikings of Greenland are, which is a shame as they were the first true overseas colony(outside of Europe and the Mediterranean), going on from 980-1450AD(roughly, its unknown when the colonies truly ceased to exist, let alone where the people went), as well as being the first well recorded Europeans to actually set up shop in the New World(the Celts have a claim to be before them, but their history of such events is nearly nonexistent, being on roughly equal footing with the Carthaginians).

@feldgeist2637

2 жыл бұрын

you aren't a viking ! not one single church you looted nor have you raided the coastlines of Europe, criminal farmer boy ! but props for expending the norse realm that far to the west ! was almost unheard of before

@justinlabrosse8506

2 жыл бұрын

Erik the Red is mainly known for establishing the first colony in Greenland though it was already found by that time but never named and never settled because of the environment untill he did, it's also recorded he was banished for murder so nobody followed him untill finding a suitable area for a settlement then he lied about the island naming it Greenland to convince people to settle there lol. May be off about that one but I consider his son the more Interesting character foundling the first colony of Newfoundland!

@tiekawaterman5547

2 жыл бұрын

I agree both Erik the red and his son

@kevg1617

2 жыл бұрын

He was a Norseman certainly, but it's somewhat of a misnomer to call him a viking if he never went on a viking

@tkenny8527

2 жыл бұрын

eh, he was actually well known bud, and not an actual Greenlander. know the history of the person who you disrespect with your screen name

"The wishes of the dead matter little to the bold" that's a nice quote

one of the greatest vikings to ever live

Harald Hardrada was a true legend. I just started to watch the new Vikings in which he's portraited. Hopefully it's at least somewhat historical, although as cool as the show is, it's not very historically accurate. I also plan to make a documentary on him.

@UniversumInDir

2 жыл бұрын

Your videos are one of the best ones I've watched, can't wait for your channel to develop and become one of the big ones 😍

@HistoryOdyssey

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you! I'm glad you enjoyed my videos! More are coming!

@nosotrosloslobosestamosreg4115

2 жыл бұрын

Víkings Valhalla? I heard it's "diverse and inclusive" if you know what I mean.

@nosotrosloslobosestamosreg4115

2 жыл бұрын

@@HistoryOdyssey You got me as a new subscriber.

@tiffanywyatt5137

2 жыл бұрын

That Vikings series is anything but historical.

Just want to point out that Harald Fairhair (Harald Hårfagre) and Harald Hardrada (Harald Hardråde) was two DIFFERENT people, who lived in two different times during the viking era, with a gap of atleast 100 years between each other being alive, according to sources.

@julchien9901

Жыл бұрын

Can't they be called the same?

@bobmalibaliyahmarley1551

Жыл бұрын

@@julchien9901 What do you mean? They are two different people... Harald Fairhair and Harald Hardrada are two different individuals.

@nikhilpendurkar9464

Жыл бұрын

@@bobmalibaliyahmarley1551 Yeah but 2 different people can have the same name

@bobmalibaliyahmarley1551

Жыл бұрын

@@nikhilpendurkar9464 Not in this instance. These names aren't even ''their real names'', Fairhair, or ''Hårfagre'' means something along the lines of, ''beautiful hair/magnificent hair''. And Hardrada, or ''Hardråde?'', basicly translates to something along the lines of ''harsh ruler'', they were nicknames more so than ''birth names'', yes.. They were both named Harald and according to history they are infact RELATED. Harald Fairhair is assumingly the great great (great?) grandfather of Harald Hardrada. They are not the same people and were never in history assumed or considered mixed up with their names. It's just a mistake that this video (and assumingly other people) have made in recent times when presenting their viking content.

@xxCheeseNinjax

Жыл бұрын

Harald Hardråde's birthname was Harald Sigurdson, after his father Sigurd Syr. His half brother (same mother) Olav the Holy's birthname was Olav Haraldson, after his father Harald Grenske. Both could trace their fatherline back to Harald Fairhair (Olav being the great-great grandson and Harald being the Great grandson). Thier mother Åsta must have had a keen eye for Yngling men. Olav was the older brother by some 15 years, don't remember exact. And Harald was in fact not named after Fairhair, but rather Olav's father, Harald Grenske. It is also said that the reason for Harlad's safety after Stiklestad being held of such importance was because of him being the last man of the Fairhair ætt (dynasty) capable of reclaiming and holding the throne, (Magnus just being a baby at the time), and that this had been specificly ordered by Olav to his closest Jarls before the battle. I also remember having read somewhere that his mother Åsta, apparently at some point said to him that he should not return home unless he returned as the King of Norway, but cant remember where i read it.

this is for sure the best recounting of viking history that i've yet to absorb. from facts gathered to the narration itself it is by far the crowning glory of all the reflections of our distant past. the best for sure. thank you for your time and efforts.

@Dinosaur761

Жыл бұрын

Too bad its not historically accurate. See the discussion about the mix up of two different Haralds who lived hundreds of years apart.

Harald Fairhair was born in 850, died in931 or 932 and was the first King of Norway. Harald Harderåde has never been called Fairhair. Harald Fairhair was his grand, grand, something. Sigurdson is the correct last name.

@jacksonlewis5945

Жыл бұрын

his great grandfather yeah

@danielboggan2479

8 ай бұрын

He was called Fairhair in his lifetime. Hardrada didn’t happen until after he died. It’s a nickname/honorific not a last name. Richards actual name was not LionHeart and Alfred wasn’t actually named The great.

@andtand2558

8 ай бұрын

@@danielboggan2479Maybe i am not sure what you meen. Harald Fairhairs name was Harald Halvdanson. Nothing to do with Harderåde, except for the grand, grand, grand part. Harald Halvdanson refused to cut his hair until Norway was one kingdom, there by the name Fairhair.

@donteros

8 ай бұрын

He was called Hårfagre which means Fairhair in English because he swore he would never cut his beard and hair until Scandinavia was united under his banner

@andtand2558

8 ай бұрын

@@donteros You're right about that, except that it was Norway under a banner, not Scandinavia.

So much effort and time Invicta and his team puts into these videos. I truly appreciate this! Love watching and learning from your content.

Brought tears to my eyes after hearing this saga…. Bravo Invicta bravo

Harald Hardrada has always been my favorite Norse figure in history, up there with Alexander the Great and Memnon of Rhodes for the Classical world. ❤

@darthvenator2487

2 жыл бұрын

What is him compared to the legendary hero Guan Yu?

@obiwankenobi2083

2 жыл бұрын

woow...with Alexander the Great!?!? W8 there is still Ceaser, Hannibal, Carl the Great, Gengis Khan... I mean Harald was an intersting person for sure...but nothing compared to this conquerors....he is just a cookie for them...

@ravensthatflywiththenightm7319

2 жыл бұрын

@@obiwankenobi2083 Caesar's Roman, Hannibal was Carthaginian, Chinggis was Mongol. None of those are Norse.

@obiwankenobi2083

2 жыл бұрын

@@ravensthatflywiththenightm7319 and so Alexander the Great and Memmon of Rhodes were not norse.....so what is your point???? Seriously how far s#####y can go is amazing.

@ravensthatflywiththenightm7319

2 жыл бұрын

@@obiwankenobi2083 I think you have a reading comprehension problem, my friend. If you'd taken a minute reading my original comment you wouldn't be so baffled.

Thank you so much for such a beautiful piece of work!

Thank you. What an awesome story teller you are. I love the fact you read from the Sagas

In Yorkshire where i live (which was the heart of Danelaw) many of our places have Scandanavian names. Even our accent is due to the Viking influence.

Brilliant insights & coverage of historical figures n their quest! 💯🤗

that was a great Video looking forward to the next video Thanks for the info

its amazing how poems writen in old norse flow and rhyme perfectly in modern english, almost as if they where modern english poems, and infact not old norse poems.......

@daginn896

2 жыл бұрын

They are made to do so. They don't rhyme originally.

@user-id3ku3ws2l

2 жыл бұрын

In prosody, alliterative verse is a form of verse that uses alliteration as the principal structuring device to unify lines of poetry, as opposed to other devices such as rhyme. The most intensively studied traditions of alliterative verse are those found in the oldest literature of many Germanic languages. Alliterative verse, in various forms, is found widely in the literary traditions of the early Germanic languages. The Old English epic Beowulf, as well as most other Old English poetry, the Old High German Muspilli, the Old Saxon Heliand, and the Old Norse Poetic Edda all use alliterative verse.

@aksbeixhev

Жыл бұрын

Norwegian and English language have some striking similarities, more than I initially thought. This video explains: kzread.info/dash/bejne/a46Kk6SIk6rPhpM.html

This was epic :D,thank you!!!

Harald Hardrada: Gigachadicus Maximus!

In a few years when medieval history shows can be done the proper way again. A Harald Hardrada series would be epic if done correctly and with a bit of money!

@MilkshakeEnthusiast1992

Жыл бұрын

Edward I show could be great. Be cool to see a part of Edwards story that get over shadowed because of his Scottish wars. 2nd Barons War and his Welsh Wars are more intriguing imo

@robdredd2094

5 ай бұрын

"gazing with disgust to the cleopatra docu"

So sick I am binge watching all you're stuff amazing work mate very well done please keep smashing it as you are big love UK 🇬🇧

This is excellent, thanks so much

Amazing work! You've outdone yourself with this video. As someone who is proud of both my Celtic & Viking blood, I'd welcome more of this well researched work.

Great stuff. Thank you much, Sir.

thank you for explaining that in full to me ! may God bless you.

Brilliant!

Love this thank you so much for all your time and research much respect!

What an absolute unit

A strong navy… that’s a beautiful sight.

This was a great video series, any thoughts on covering the history of France or Frankia starting at the Battle of Tours 🤔

What an amazing life. Even if not totally factually accurate, these viking sagas tell a great tale of one of the greatest Scandinavians to ever live. Served the Romans, injuring an emperor, king of Norway, sought to take over the north sea empire, and of course invaded England. What an adventure to say the least.

@oblivionnokk3531

6 ай бұрын

And married a Rus, even held 2 wives whom he made himself deserved to by his actions. Legendary.

A really good video 👍🏻

Done and achieved more in his first 20 years ,than most of us could honestly hope to do in 50 hahaha..what an absolute legend.!!

@arossp6791

Жыл бұрын

Not mean more then most of us could ever do..not just in 50 years

This is so epic 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥👌,Harold is a legend and the background music 👌

@jeffreydhery6824

Жыл бұрын

That background music is so cool i am searching for it for a while but can not find it 😢

Well done !!

Nice job with the video

wow good work

Would be great videos like that for El Cid, Lionheart or Alexander Nevsky.

This is why Vikings is a true successor to the Norse sagas. The coffin ruse. Attributed to Ragnar Lothbrok was actually Harald Hadrada. All these stories are probably based on real events but they're put together and attributed to one person. Fictionalised history erasing all the bits and compiling all the amazing stories in one.

@obiwankenobi2083

2 жыл бұрын

was not Ragnar Lothbrok...but Iron Bjornside and Hasestein in Italy...

@tax1643

Жыл бұрын

It seems to be more important to them to spread the word of the great deeds that Norsemen have accomplished rather than to attribute the actions to the right man. Almost like they're creating the story of an incredible hero, the perfect Viking, someone that they can look up to and try and emulate, and that potential enemies would fear. It's possible that the heroes in the sagas and these stories were less important to them than they are to us. After all, heroic storytelling is their way of recording history. Maybe these stories are simply a way to pass down their values to their children, and to reinforce the virtues they thought important.

Very well made video

thank you

Funny how that berseker's stand on the bridge resembles Zhang Fei's same feat in rotk. Seems like authors around the world enjoy the same types of hyperbole and exaggeration

@alexanderdejarnette874

2 жыл бұрын

Rotk has that in about every chapter lol

@user-id3ku3ws2l

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah Zhang Fei so called turned away 1 million enemies on a bridge. Lol That sounds made up but what do I know.

@ChristianAuditore14

2 жыл бұрын

There is one about Rome too

@ChristianAuditore14

2 жыл бұрын

It isn't that hard to hold a bridge by yourself if you aren't showered with projectiles

Galu sent me. Glad I found the channel. This is good stuff.

If you make more Documentary like this El Cid would be a intersting historicl figuer to cover.

Harald Hardrada vs William of Normandy Who would win?

@rhysnichols8608

Жыл бұрын

With armour and proper equipment (unlike at Stamford bridge) probably Harold. William had a very hard time against an exhausted English army made mostly of peasants, so I believe Hadrada would be more likely to win! But in a battle anything can happen

Knut's mama was Polish. Either Harald or bro Olaf or both was forebear to the Ducs of Guise. Most of the Scandinavian and Anglo Saxon kings were forebears of the Ducs of Guise, along with Jaroslav. It is the hybrids who always win, according to breeders of fighting chickens. Examples are Knut, Bruce Lee, Jimi Hendrix, William Bastard. However, research into colonial animals, such as bees and meerkats, shows that hybrids flee from the hive when it be threatened, whereas the more closely related members stay and fight.

Olaf also took refuge with the rusk, the leader new of harold from his brother olaf and the jarl treated him as a friend because of that.

He pulled a rowie,so to speak. Ingenious. And cool AF.

Harald Hardrada was a true Warrior indeed

I really hope Vikings Valhalla will do him justice even if I have massive doubts about that.

It’s so nice to see a video about vikings with this amount of details, admitting what may be just a story and what we know is facts! But most important, Not a single helmet with horns!!! 😄😄😁😁

Harold Hardrada was not harold fairhair?big mistake?

Best video on this man, there is! Great work!

Where is this soundtrack from??? It's great! I literally got goosebumps during the Constantinople escape section.

Swedish folk metal band Hulkoff does a song about him called Hardrádi

I can't wait to see this on the new Vikings show(which the first season is quite good btw. though of course they changed some things to make them line up historically). From what I hear the show will end after Stamford Bridge in 1066.

@kasinokaiser1319

2 жыл бұрын

Awww, I hope they at least show Hastings in an epilogue

Holy shit I’m glad I found this channel

Where's the music sourced from? I recognize tracks from M&B Viking Conquest

EXTRAORDINARY....

“King Harald, we literally have no armor and almost no shields. We should just retreat and re equip and regroup! It’s no big deal.” Harald: No ❤️🥲

@rhysnichols8608

Жыл бұрын

The ‘victory or Valhalla’ mindset isn’t always the best thing. If Harold swallowed his pride and retreated to his main camp he would’ve had a decent chance at winning the campaign. Either that or retreating was impossible as Godwinson was too close

I heard Finland instead of Vinland and was very confused for a moment as to how the Norwegians had not yet discovered Finland.

many battles

Hearing Jarl Haakons story during the fight pisses me off so much more when thinking about Netflix and how they did his character.

Can you tell us about ancient Portugal history next on your videos

Can we really trust these sagas 100%

@Montyweb

2 жыл бұрын

A lot of the details can be questioned but the overall story is likely true. Many scribes (historians) of the time wrote about it.

@henkhenkste6076

2 жыл бұрын

more than the lies about modern history

@heidi_bavarian1725

2 жыл бұрын

na because it's mostly vikaboos vergins who think hurting people was good

@adam9841

2 жыл бұрын

Nah, I'd reckon about 50%, he still undoubtedly made an impact tho

@ChristianAuditore14

2 жыл бұрын

Can I trust you?

I recognize the M&B Viking Conquest music at the start

interesting If I am correct Lloyd (Lindybeige) has told some of the England campaign stories as well but out of the eyes of the other factions.

What is the music you guys used at 8:54 it's really beautiful

The nithing killing of Einar and Eindridi was in Harald's nithing blood that he inherited from the nithing forebears Olaf Tratalja and Ingjald Illruler; as well as the Dvergish (same as modern Chinese government) blood from Halfdan the Black. Nithing Songs' Playing List: kzread.info/dash/bejne/ZK2Esc6Yj6bLiKg.html

So the story about the 4th castle seems to have been quite a popular one as the same story (playing dead in a coffin) has been told about Bjorn Ironside and Ragnar Lothbrok about other cities.

@Robbini0

2 жыл бұрын

Well, someone had to have thought of it first and then maybe inspired someone else. Or they just thought it was a good idea separately. The first one with swallows though, that one I heard of that St Olga of Russia/ Kiev also did, and that would've been only last century to them, so he might've heard about that when he lived with the Rus. Genghis Khan also supposedly did that one.

@obiwankenobi2083

2 жыл бұрын

the victorius write history...probably were long boring sieges, where the defenders surrended, and so Harald over-spiced the sieges too look cooler. Sadly there were no smartphone at that time to record such things..

@miseee007

2 жыл бұрын

@@obiwankenobi2083 Oh yeah they were definitely known to over exaggerate about their spoils, the Sagas are testament to that and it makes sense cause most of the sieges were like you said pretty long and boring ending in surrender or the attacker giving up, pitch battles or direct assaults least common because of the casualties on both sides, so most sieges were actually won by trickery, intrigue, bribing locals or spies opening the porticulus or setting fires on their supplies, posoning the food etc.. so I think it is very likely that the original story did ocur sometimes because almost every thing we know about any history is usually written 100-200 years later and after some time people like to reminiscence on the "good old days"

I just found out about Harald Hardrada from Hulkoff with their song Hardrádi

According to dna researching by bbc, plus history of Basques, the forebear of the male line -- of my Norman forebears with William -- was a displaced Basqueman who, with others, had lately been driven out of their lands in Eastern Basqueland.

Harold sigardson and Harold fairhair were 2 different people from a 100 years apart

The problem with much of recorded history was written by people who were paid individuals to produce what were then very expensive documents written about or for persons that obviously wanted to put thier own spin on things to justify thier rule,worship thier heroes or denigrate the character of their enemies in a largely illiterate society, history is written by the victors or by those who had the funds for literary works and because we weren't alive to refute facts and a lot of evidence either way was ravaged by time our modern view of history is at best speculation or carefully constructed research and analysis so I am glad this channel puts such disclaimers in its videos,I love your videos.

The original Most Interesting Man In The World

Truly the last great Viking in history

What Sagas next? How about Erik the Red, his son Lief Eriksson, the Jarls of Hlader who fought the Battle of Hurongavargr, or even the Krakamarl, the story of Hrolf Kraki and his legendary court?

Say it Hadraada not rada. Battle of Stamford Bridge and surrounding streets are named after the main characters, Hardrada way, Harold s way, Morcar Close, Tostig Close, Godwins Way etc.

1:08 what is the name of that place?

1:02:30 is the same bridge from the Siege of Rome episode lol the water is just a bit higher

This could make for a good video game. All the quests done for Yaroslav? Move south and upgrade gear before new quests. Grand theft longboat

Great episode! The only thing improvement would be to depict Denmark flat. From 24:00 Denmark is depicted as a country with mountains. Denmark is totally flat.

What's the music on 37:18

Was that an actual poem at 19:05? I would be super surprised that English was already similar enough to rhyme

Just finished watching Vikings: Valhalla.

Wasn't the story of capturing the last fort the same as the one they showed in the Vikings series about raiding Paris by Ragnar ?

@navox933

2 жыл бұрын

Vikings compressed 200 years of history into Ragnars life

@piyushhk.j7506

2 жыл бұрын

@@navox933 Yeah man they completely butchered historical accuracy. But it's still entertaining to watch.

The greatest adventurer ever. Man lived a 3-4 dnd campaigns worth of life and still died young. And how about that berserker at the stamford bridge. He is Thor protecting the faithful vikings against heathen christians, only to fell by the treacherous stab of the Loki's spear.

@normtrooper4392

2 жыл бұрын

The Viking age ended when that berserker died on the bridge

@bridgerschock5695

2 жыл бұрын

Harald Hardrada was a Christian 😂

@lexorogtheelder4753

2 жыл бұрын

@@bridgerschock5695 well that's a shame, would have been a far better tale if he believed in the old gods

@NesRuA

2 жыл бұрын

@@lexorogtheelder4753 The entire Norse host was Catholic. It makes a far better tale without paganism. It’s less about “muh semen-drinking gods” and more about the colliding ambitions of great men.

@someshtbaglcpl5455

2 жыл бұрын

Ah yes, the inevitable petty bickering over which flavor of ice cream is best that absolutely must occur in every video comment section involving anything Nordic.

what is the flute music called?

what's the name of the intro music

All the stories of how Harald took the 4 fortresses looks like it came from Genghis Khan and Ragnar lodhbrok's story

Harald Fairhair and Harald Hardrada are two different persons, living aprox. 100 years appart.

How often, and for how long, during his travellings, were he and his crew miserable?