The Indo-European Language. 1957 Linguistics lecture with Henry Lee Smith Jr. Episode 9

The host discusses the history of the Indo-European family and how different languages are related and explains how linguists developed a systematic reconstruction of Germanic languages. Dr. Smith stresses predictability and patterning in language structure.

Пікірлер: 88

  • @IvanSN
    @IvanSN3 жыл бұрын

    I love how, when mentioning the "discovery" of Sanskrit, he specified the western perspective of discovery. So self aware for the time, I'm genuinely impressed-though I suppose the field of linguistics is a great one for universal humanizing!

  • @MentalHealthTreatment

    @MentalHealthTreatment

    3 жыл бұрын

    Yes, I noticed that too!

  • @ankurmandloi5456

    @ankurmandloi5456

    3 жыл бұрын

    The similarities between Sanskrit, Latin, Russian and Greek are very fascinating!

  • @aurelaskoncius1946

    @aurelaskoncius1946

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@ankurmandloi5456 Hello. Simillar between sanskrit and russian languages? Examples please.I know simillars between sanskrit and lithuanian(latvians) lang. Greetings from LT💪😁🇱🇹.

  • @ankurmandloi5456

    @ankurmandloi5456

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@aurelaskoncius1946 Lithuanian - Sūnus and Sanskrit - sunu(son) Lithuanian - Avis and Sanskrit - avis (sheep) Lithuanian - dūmas and Sanskrit - dhūma (Smoke) Lithuanian - antras and Sanskrit - antara (second, the other) Lithuanian - vilkas and Sanskrit - vṛka (wolf) Lithuanian - ratas and and Sanskrit - rathah (carriage). Lithuanian senis - and Sanskrit - sana (old). Lithuanian - vyras and Sanskrit - vīra (man, brave). Lithuanian - mėnesis and Sanskrit - masa (month) Lithuanian - dantis and Sanskrit- danta (teeth) Lithuanian -naktis and Sanskrit - naktis (night) Lithuanian - ugnis and Sanskrit - agni (fire) Lithuanian - sėdime and Sanskrit- sīdamah (we sit) Lithuanian - Tu and Sanskrit - Tvam (you) Lithuanian - Du and Sanskrit - dva (two) ithuanian - Tu esi and Sanskrit - Tvam asi (you are) Lithuanian - trys and Sanskrit - tri (three) Lithuanian - keturi and Sanskrit - chatur (four) Lithuanian - penki and Sanskrit - pancha (five) Lithuanian - šeši and Sanskrit - šaša (six) Lithuanian - septyni and Sanskrit - saptan (seven) Lithuanian - aštuoni and Sanskrit - ašta (eight) Lithuanian - deviyni and Sanskrit - navan (nine) Lithuanian - dešimt - and Sanskrit - daša (ten) And much more.....

  • @samuelandrews3829

    @samuelandrews3829

    2 жыл бұрын

    The West is who made the discovery! There is only one perspective on how it was discovered.

  • @clairefbonilla
    @clairefbonilla3 жыл бұрын

    Incredibly interesting and has largely stood the test of time!

  • @therat1117

    @therat1117

    Жыл бұрын

    Largely. Our reconstructions are of much higher quality these days, as a lot of work on Proto-Indo-European has been done, particularly after the discovery of the PIE laryngeals from the discovery and translation of Hittite and Luwian, that explain words like Sanskrit 'pitr' and Greek 'odontos', which were still hard to explain in the 50s. That is to say, a lot of this information is out-of-date (the 'beech' argument for example having long since been disregarded as too shaky in practice as a number of the 'beech' words don't appear to be related or even mean 'beech'!), but the general principles are correct.

  • @SuperKingAlan1
    @SuperKingAlan13 жыл бұрын

    This deserves more views!

  • @D3xas
    @D3xas2 жыл бұрын

    Its very interesting, how my language (lithuanian) has some of the words very very close to the same pronunciation to the old languages, for example when he showed the gothic bible the last word sununs , in my language son/'s you say sunus. Also from the latin words "dentis" means tooth, we say "dantis" for tooth. So many similiar words to my language lol.

  • @francisnopantses1108

    @francisnopantses1108

    8 ай бұрын

    Lithuanian is famous for being very conservative.

  • @giannisa134

    @giannisa134

    8 ай бұрын

    In modern Greek the word for wide is platús and read as platís. The word for calm is ēremos and pronounced íremos. The similarity with the lithuanian platus and ramus left me speechless.

  • @mareksagrak9527

    @mareksagrak9527

    4 ай бұрын

    Και στα λετονικά melns σημαίνει "μαύρος/μελανός" ενώ pīls είναι "πόλις". Γενικά στις βαλτικές γλώσσες βλέπω εξίσου πολλές ομοιότητες με την ελληνική όσο και με τις σλαβικές γλώσσες! Κάτι υπέροχο

  • @s.thomas3289
    @s.thomas3289 Жыл бұрын

    Marvellous ! Love the subject and love the 50´s ways of presenting a subject.

  • @francisnopantses1108

    @francisnopantses1108

    8 ай бұрын

    Yes. Very easy listening. Contemporary lecturers make you struggle with terrible sound.

  • @samuelandrews3829
    @samuelandrews38292 жыл бұрын

    This is awesome. He describe things very well. I am shocked to see he knew where Proto Indo European originated. The mainstream opinion on this hasn't changed in 60 years, it has been confirmed by ancient DNA.

  • @aa-zz6328

    @aa-zz6328

    Жыл бұрын

    There is also DNA evidence that point to an Armenian homeland!

  • @Novumvir

    @Novumvir

    Жыл бұрын

    @@aa-zz6328 I don't think armenia could have supported such large migrations.

  • @aa-zz6328

    @aa-zz6328

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Novumvir well, it just need to support the initial migration, and they don't need to happen at the same time!

  • @Storytime2023x
    @Storytime2023x Жыл бұрын

    Dr. David Matual was one of the best linguistics teachers. He taught me linguistics and Russian at Wright State University. I loved that linguistics class.

  • @tiffanyarey8443
    @tiffanyarey84433 жыл бұрын

    Fascinating stuff and well done lecture!

  • @TillyOrifice
    @TillyOrifice3 жыл бұрын

    The delightful Henry Lee Smith Jr. with a typically interesting and informative talk.

  • @georgeinjapan6583
    @georgeinjapan65833 жыл бұрын

    Well taught here.

  • @ramonav.6983
    @ramonav.69832 жыл бұрын

    Stunning!

  • @JaySinghIsImmature
    @JaySinghIsImmature3 жыл бұрын

    Great video - More recently, Sanskrit/Prakrit is considered as old as 1500 BCE, over 3,500 years old.

  • @user-uc7qb1su4e

    @user-uc7qb1su4e

    2 жыл бұрын

    @DEVVRAT MISHRA Indus Valley civilization so a Dravidian language. Tamil most likely.

  • @Alakhana

    @Alakhana

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@user-uc7qb1su4e if the IVC were Dravidian they would have spoken Proto Brahui not Tamil.

  • @donalddude7568

    @donalddude7568

    2 жыл бұрын

    @DEVVRAT MISHRA The IVC people worshipped Shiva, Bhrama and Vishnu. Indra,Prithvi are the Indo European/Vedic Gods and Indra is the highest revered God in Rig Veda. Chariot was a luxury in India just like the horses were.

  • @iSyriux

    @iSyriux

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@user-uc7qb1su4e Tamil didn't exist back then and it is a mix of IVC language and ASA language

  • @francisnopantses1108

    @francisnopantses1108

    8 ай бұрын

    ​@donalddude7568 Rig Veda shows a heavy affinity to the Avestas and not to the iconography of Indus Valley, yet there is cultural continuity between Indus Valley and India today. Almost as if the 'Aryans' entered a land already possessed of its own people and customs. Very politically incorrect to say in India today especially to those who want to suppress Dravidian languages.

  • @unitariansavage8513
    @unitariansavage85133 жыл бұрын

    20:58 And then came Tocharian, a language in modern-day Xinjiang calling the number 100 "känt" and messed everything up.

  • @alexelmaleh3076

    @alexelmaleh3076

    2 жыл бұрын

    Centum satum(more or less)

  • @igorjee

    @igorjee

    Жыл бұрын

    Likely the 's' in satem was an innovation in indo-aryan and the extremes (Europe more or less and Tocharian) kept the 'k'.

  • @araghav3921

    @araghav3921

    Жыл бұрын

    😂😂😂

  • @francisnopantses1108

    @francisnopantses1108

    8 ай бұрын

    ​@@igorjeethere's more to satemization than that but some people do think this is the case. Others believe Centum languages branched off earlier and the hunt for the archeological traces of the long journey of the Tarim basin people is on. Tocharian died out centuries ago and was supplanted by a satem language, Iranic, exactly as expected in that region.

  • @Aditya-te7oo
    @Aditya-te7oo2 жыл бұрын

    Liked it!

  • @starprince6341
    @starprince63412 жыл бұрын

    English. Sanskrit Decimal. Dasmalav Name Naam To cut kaatna Divine. Daivik Interval Antaraal Medium. Madhyam Tree Taru

  • @francisnopantses1108

    @francisnopantses1108

    8 ай бұрын

    Many of those words are Latin. Latin and Sanskrit connections are easier to see. However, German has Atmen, breath, which is cognate for Atma, soul.

  • @Novumvir
    @Novumvir Жыл бұрын

    Proto germanic tanth- handuz mōder fader Are now reconstructed as: tanþs handuz mōdēr fadēr

  • @KitaKatt1988
    @KitaKatt1988 Жыл бұрын

    I miss my grandpa so bad right now I want to cry

  • @kiraeves
    @kiraeves3 жыл бұрын

    I always had a feeling that the language(gothic) could exist but I did not know the name of the language. Never heard the language before but had felt that I had would naturally understand speak or understand the sentence. But still unable the translate it for another.

  • @Marwaaroundtheworld
    @Marwaaroundtheworld3 жыл бұрын

    aku penasaran darimana sumber semua vids ini? kl ini legal aku sangat berterima kasih, aku gatau pastinya kenapa tapi kehidupan dibawah 90s sangat menarik bagiku bahkan bernilai. kuharap hidup seindah masa itu.

  • @zegaqlo5272

    @zegaqlo5272

    3 жыл бұрын

    tapi kita sudah hidup aman damai bersyukur kak dulu hak asasi tidak seperti sekarang

  • @LydiaMoMydia
    @LydiaMoMydia4 ай бұрын

    not sure why i'm watching this when i already know all about the stuff he's talking about, still loved the video tho lol

  • @victorgustavo4366
    @victorgustavo43662 жыл бұрын

    In portuguese currently "pae" is "pai", with "i" instead "e".

  • @MrMario477

    @MrMario477

    2 жыл бұрын

    ele nao sabia mas se escrevia assim antes pae pharmacia JUGUSLAVIA youguslavia com ph ai mudou a ortografia do portugues vixi essas letras nao eram k w y hoje fazem parte

  • @matrixdukenukem0000

    @matrixdukenukem0000

    3 ай бұрын

    Even in 1957 it was "pai".

  • @KitaKatt1988
    @KitaKatt1988 Жыл бұрын

    I miss how things were taught like this

  • @KitaKatt1988
    @KitaKatt1988 Жыл бұрын

    He ran a college after he left being a general manager of GM

  • @dm0065
    @dm00653 жыл бұрын

    Holy cow

  • @Aditya-te7oo
    @Aditya-te7oo2 жыл бұрын

    17:49 As far as I know Norman French is a dialect of Old French, isn't it ?

  • @FOLIPE

    @FOLIPE

    2 жыл бұрын

    Yes but with important nordic influences including vocabulary

  • @Aditya-te7oo

    @Aditya-te7oo

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@FOLIPE Okay.

  • @radoslavgorgievski1473
    @radoslavgorgievski14733 жыл бұрын

    So the parents are the Slavic

  • @muhammadabulfazal2935

    @muhammadabulfazal2935

    Жыл бұрын

    no

  • @clutchyfinger
    @clutchyfinger3 ай бұрын

    It's 2024, there's a Brother's Grimm anime, and Russia is well into an invasion into Ukraine. This man is talking about relevant stuff.

  • @thehoogard
    @thehoogard3 ай бұрын

    I wish he'd been more systematic.

  • @francisnopantses1108
    @francisnopantses11088 ай бұрын

    Anatolianists in shambles. This is hilarious. BTW, the Anatolian Hypothesis was the hobby horse of an archeologist. And it's true, on the archeology. But wrong on the language. European farmers in the Neolithic really did come from Anatolia. Indo-European is associated with the kurgan/barrow/tumuli people influx in the Bronze Age, thousands of years later. The DNA evidence also shows about 6-7 migrations which must be accounted for by Europeanists. Of course only one language will prevail. Renfrew conveniently forgets all about Vasconic languages which used to span a much larger geographic area in Europe, are non Indo-European, and have never been convincingly connected to any other language alive or dead. A good candidate for the Old European of the Neolithic.

  • @TejaVakacharla
    @TejaVakacharla3 жыл бұрын

    Samskrutham is the mother of all languages

  • @ankurmandloi5456

    @ankurmandloi5456

    3 жыл бұрын

    Logic pata hai kya hota hai? Kabhi use kar lo

  • @arifahmedkhan9999

    @arifahmedkhan9999

    2 жыл бұрын

    No, listen to what is going on, Sanskrit is a daughter language

  • @ankurmandloi5456

    @ankurmandloi5456

    2 жыл бұрын

    @DEVVRAT MISHRA PIE is a language that did exist, but there is no way of knowing exactly where it was spoken or what the exact forms of the roots and the inflectional suffixes were. Don't make up theories about its origin if there is so little we know about it.

  • @ankurmandloi5456

    @ankurmandloi5456

    2 жыл бұрын

    @DEVVRAT MISHRA Farming is not india-based. So you can't use that argument. But the elephant cognate might have some merit.

  • @ankurmandloi5456

    @ankurmandloi5456

    2 жыл бұрын

    @DEVVRAT MISHRA India is not the only place where people can farm. So PIE having words related to farming don't point it towards being Indian, but words for elephant, ivory, monkeys do.

  • @nitinbull8720
    @nitinbull87202 жыл бұрын

    Sanskrit is mother of all european language including arabic and farsi

  • @seid3366

    @seid3366

    2 жыл бұрын

    Arabic is Semitic, which is Afro-Asiatic, not Indo-European

  • @shezyam460

    @shezyam460

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@seid3366 don't bother Nitin is obviously a Hindu nationalist

  • @adrianmece9266

    @adrianmece9266

    2 жыл бұрын

    Albanian language is mother for sanskrit and of all european language

  • @igorjee

    @igorjee

    Жыл бұрын

    ​@@adrianmece9266 hungarian is mother for sanskrit and of all european language including arabic, farsi, albanian, check mate.

  • @YUGYWDASGOW

    @YUGYWDASGOW

    Жыл бұрын

    Y'all tripping and sleeping on your own ideas lol Listen and watch the whole scientific documentary. It's scientific, no matter how strong your beliefs are on believing x or y is the mother language of a or z. Facts don't care about feelings

  • @rahulpaturkar1425
    @rahulpaturkar1425 Жыл бұрын

    Proto Indo-European language is a fiction created by the western scholars as they have always been more interested in fiction than the actual reality!. There is no such a language as PIE!.