The Hydrogen Atom, Part 1 of 3: Intro to Quantum Physics

The first of a three-part adventure into the Hydrogen Atom. I'm uploading these in three parts, so that I can include your feedback in the videos as we go along. Sort of like in a lecture when they stop and ask "Does anyone have any questions?". So please let me know if you have questions! :)
Part 2 will solve the Schrodinger equation, deriving the energy eigenstates and eigenvalues. Then we'll look at the hydrogen spectrum and see how these ideas make contact with experiment.
Part 3 will go beyond Schrodinger, exploring how the Dirac equation relates to hydrogen and provides a natural explanation for spin (and a nice prediction of antimatter, too), and then we'll look at the Lamb shift and talk briefly about quantum electrodynamics.
Chapters:
0:00 Intro
1:34 Why doesn't the electron fall in?
3:20 Proton is Massive and Tiny
4:20 Spherical Coordinate System
5:24 Defining psi, rho, and hbar
6:53 But what do the electron do? (Schrodinger Eq.)
9:37 Eigenstuff
11:45 Constructing the Hamiltonian
16:18 Setting up the 3D P.D.E. for psi
#physics #quantum #math

Пікірлер: 452

  • @OLApplin
    @OLApplin11 ай бұрын

    3:36 "The difference in mass between a proton and an electron is the difference between an elephant and 1836 elephant" Thanks for this insightful comparison

  • @youssefsaidi7873

    @youssefsaidi7873

    9 ай бұрын

    Actually it's not the difference , it's the ratio , but whatever

  • @hagen1555

    @hagen1555

    9 ай бұрын

    I laughed too hard at this :D

  • @spencerwenzel7381

    @spencerwenzel7381

    8 ай бұрын

    I just had to look at my 1836 elephants in my backyard and this made so much sense

  • @paulg444

    @paulg444

    3 ай бұрын

    take two: "The difference in mass between a proton and an electron is the difference between an elephant and a relatively small cat "

  • @Manuel_Bache

    @Manuel_Bache

    3 ай бұрын

    ​@@spencerwenzel7381You did by looking at them, but I did by weighin them!😂😂

  • @johnsjarboe
    @johnsjarboe11 ай бұрын

    Really like the approachability that you deliver the concepts while also not shying away from the math. I think there's a gap in the physics education space these videos fill.

  • @splat752

    @splat752

    6 ай бұрын

    I think there is a gap between the math and an accurate description of reality. To me math is only helpful so much in so much as it sheds light on the underlying processes which is woefully lacking in QM videos

  • @angelmendez-rivera351

    @angelmendez-rivera351

    4 ай бұрын

    @@splat752 Your comment insinuates the mathematics do not describe the reality of the world, which is just a false conclusion.

  • @Manuel_Bache

    @Manuel_Bache

    3 ай бұрын

    ​@@angelmendez-rivera351Is it?🤔🤔

  • @angelmendez-rivera351

    @angelmendez-rivera351

    3 ай бұрын

    @@Manuel_Bache Yes.

  • @JackAndTheBeanstalkr

    @JackAndTheBeanstalkr

    22 сағат бұрын

    @@angelmendez-rivera351 he doth not insinuate, he accuseth

  • @32rq
    @32rq11 ай бұрын

    We're going to be great friends. The low key elephant humor, the quick explanation of every symbol used, not shying away from reality or confusion. This is a great explanation and I will watch the sequels as soon as they drop.

  • @lowruna

    @lowruna

    9 ай бұрын

    I expected him to compare the elephant with something incredible small... I feel insulted on a large scale here

  • @AA-dj1vz

    @AA-dj1vz

    22 күн бұрын

    ​@@lowrunamass of Asian elephant 4000 kg 1837 smaller around 2.1 kg

  • @haakoflo
    @haakoflo7 ай бұрын

    "Have you ever tried to catch a quantum particle?" Yes, every time a photon hits my retinas.

  • @Generalist18
    @Generalist1810 ай бұрын

    It's funny how I am in 9th Grade, don't even understand anything,but still find this satisfying.I am even watching this for entertainment😂

  • @CHp-up9tx
    @CHp-up9tx11 ай бұрын

    man, even though there are so many mathematical concepts that I don't understand, somehow I managed to intuitively understand each step to get to the final product, you left me breathless. Freaking amazing!!!

  • @vtrandal
    @vtrandalАй бұрын

    Absolutely wonderful. The KZread algorithm is timely in its recommendation of this video to me.

  • @michaelblankenau6598
    @michaelblankenau6598Ай бұрын

    Beautiful presentation ! You not only have a deep understanding of the subject but also know how to make it accessible. Congratulations.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    Ай бұрын

    Thanks, I’m glad you enjoyed it! :)

  • @RichBehiel
    @RichBehiel11 ай бұрын

    Hi everyone, thanks for checking out this video! :) Please let me know if you have any questions or suggestions. I'm still cooking up parts 2 and 3, so I'm hoping to modify those based on your feedback. Edit: lots of great responses so far, thanks everyone! A few of you pointed out that the transitions between 100, 200, and 210 are more complicated than I’ve shown here, and you’re totally right, when thinking about angular momentum and such there’s more nuance involved than just shooting any old photon at the atom. We’ll talk more about that in the next video :)

  • @motor9908

    @motor9908

    11 ай бұрын

    The approach taken for the visual was astounding, since i was a wee-lad always imagining the theater of particles and waves governing the sub-atomic world that resounds the beauty of just our universe. Thank you greatly in short cause this needs more recognition 😊

  • @MultiversalGoat

    @MultiversalGoat

    11 ай бұрын

    Can't believe how underrated you are even months after your first few videos! I am lucky to be one of the first few thousands before the millions flood in. I am an electrical enginnering student deeply interested in the big why questions and these last two videos have been legendary for conceptualization. Thank you so much and there's no doubt in mind that your channel is about to reach millions of subscribers.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Thanks for the kind comment! :) I’m glad you’ve enjoyed the videos, and looking forward to making many more. It would be cool if lots of people watch these, but honestly 12k subscribers is already way more than I was expecting 😅 But it’s interesting to think about the possibilities if the channel keeps growing.

  • @blaxbrian6877

    @blaxbrian6877

    11 ай бұрын

    awesome

  • @kaMus09

    @kaMus09

    11 ай бұрын

    Here is a question. Why you don't have thousands likes and more? I really cant understand...

  • @logaandm
    @logaandm26 күн бұрын

    I love that real reason you switched to mu is because you want to use "m" later to mean something else! Honesty/self-awareness is the soul of analysis. Keep it up. Some days the biggest frustration of mathematics is running out of, and keeping track of symbols.

  • @quantum4everyone
    @quantum4everyone11 ай бұрын

    Just a couple of points about your video, since you asked for suggestions: (1) The 1s to 2s transition is a forbidden transition, so it requires two photons to have it work, not one as you illustrate (1s to 2p is fine and 2p lives in the excited state about a billion times less long). This plays an important role in the Lamb shift experiment and in the proton charge radius experiment. (2) You seem to be using an ontic viewpoint of the wavefunctions, as if the electron is the wavefunction. Some people do use this picture, but it can have a lot of issues with interpretations of quantum phenomena. It might be useful to explain these issues. (3) I am not sure if this is your first discussion of kinetic energy as a Laplacian, but because for waves on a string, the second spatial derivative is the potential energy, some additional discussion of why it changes for quantum mechanics might be helpful to your audience.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Great suggestions, thanks! :) I’ll definitely address the transition thing in the next video. The latter two points are very true too, although I might hold off on those until a Q&A video following part 3.

  • @quantum4everyone

    @quantum4everyone

    11 ай бұрын

    @@RichBehiel ok. Good to hear this.

  • @fidelogos7098
    @fidelogos709814 күн бұрын

    I don't understand 85% of what you're saying but every day I wake up in a world, astonished that a collection of probabilites has collapsed into a chair, a tree, my dog, my child. I'm amazed that humanity can go about its business knowing what lies underneath. I think it should be mandatory that everyone stop at least once a day and consider how incredible it all is.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    14 күн бұрын

    I agree! :)

  • @thecaribbeanbookworm5066
    @thecaribbeanbookworm506611 ай бұрын

    This is perfection. After having finished my first quantum course (working up to the hydrogen atom), I found some of the later material as explained in the Griffith’s book to not be so intuitive (especially on 3D wave functions). So this is a really nice bridge between intuitive clarity and rigor, as others have mentioned. Thank you for the awesome content!

  • @mus3equal
    @mus3equal11 ай бұрын

    Really glad I found your channel, love to hear the enthusiasm in your voice! I feel the same way about physics, very late to the show, but I'm kind of hooked now. There's always a little Eureka moment when I try to extrapolate on what I'm learning and then have it confirmed or fail, which leads to more learning. Something very Promethean about it, music synthesis really gave me a lot of insight into wave forms, helps visualize the math and make it fractionally less daunting!

  • @jamesbentonticer4706
    @jamesbentonticer470611 ай бұрын

    Your delivery is so listenable and you sound like you are having fun explaining this to us. Easy to be motivated with your instructor is enthusiastic. I hope you continue to make more content. It is of great value to anyone looking to better understand bed-rock reality.

  • @RickyC0626
    @RickyC062610 ай бұрын

    Not sure how I ended up here, but I will revisit once I relearn physics.

  • @gammersunity4117

    @gammersunity4117

    29 күн бұрын

    You will have to revisit maths and chemistry too.

  • @-justasoul
    @-justasoul11 ай бұрын

    Your videos are just amazing! ❤And you radiate such positive energy in your explanations, it's a pleasure to listen. Can't wait for part 2 and 3.

  • @mayonakao2488
    @mayonakao248810 ай бұрын

    You did an incredible job explaining it. Thank you for helping the world’s future students. I read my textbooks for QM front to back many times, and this video was the first I’ve seen to teach by intuition instead of ”hope you learned linear algebra and statistics”

  • @moej9343
    @moej934314 күн бұрын

    "let's solve it for PSY, how hard can it be?" - To be continued Perfect cut x) Good video thx

  • @turel528
    @turel52810 ай бұрын

    This video is fire! I think it's one of the best resources out there for learning and understanding quantum physics. In my opinion, there are three main aspects to learning: knowledge, understanding, and motivation. We know that 2 + 2 is four, but unless we understand how addition works, we won't be able to solve 2 + 2 + 2 on our own. And without motivation, learning becomes challenging. I particularly enjoyed the beginning of this video. The excellent animation made me contemplate how atoms truly behave and why. It sparked my curiosity and motivated me to learn more. Your video has fantastic visuals that help us grasp the concepts, and your explanations are well-timed, clarifying everything effectively. I liked everything about this video, but I do feel that its length wasn't sufficient. However, it's great that you made it that long, as it doesn't intimidate viewers. It also provides breaks and leaves us eagerly anticipating part two. What I would suggest is creating separate videos. I would love to learn more about how quantum physics developed since it's complete beginning. How did Schrödinger derive his equation? Why do we use Hamiltonians? It would be wonderful to see examples of their use. For instance, pose a simple question and provide a solution using the Hamiltonian.

  • @NWRefund
    @NWRefund10 ай бұрын

    I need you to understand how picky I am about science content creators. Particularly on topics like this. You have earned my subscription.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    10 ай бұрын

    Thanks, that means a lot :) I hope to never let you down!

  • @Verrisin
    @Verrisin8 ай бұрын

    This is so much more clear than anything on this subject I've ever seen!

  • @akf2000
    @akf20004 ай бұрын

    😂😂😂😂 the elephant analogy

  • @treybell40501

    @treybell40501

    Ай бұрын

    It actually me head lol. I thought he was gonna say mice or planets.

  • @drmarioguti
    @drmarioguti11 ай бұрын

    Awesome video! I appreciate your effort to communicate this knowledge. I can't wait to see parts 2 and 3. I have no suggestions. This is just perfectly illustrated to me. Thank you.

  • @kgblankinship
    @kgblankinship10 ай бұрын

    Very clear and intuitive exposition. His presentation reflects a very clear understanding.

  • @iamnotcaptainyt4953
    @iamnotcaptainyt495324 күн бұрын

    Just passed High school and here I am studying quantum mechanics already

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    24 күн бұрын

    That’s great! :)

  • @charleschidsey2831
    @charleschidsey283111 ай бұрын

    Strong work here. Great visual aids and a down to earth approach focusing on the concepts but not ignoring the mathematical rigor. I subbed and expect your channel to grow appreciably over the next year. Congratulations.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Thanks Charles! :)

  • @kylewhite5695
    @kylewhite56959 ай бұрын

    We covered some of this in my intro to materials class, but it is really nice to have much more detail, thank you

  • @williamharr7338
    @williamharr733811 ай бұрын

    This is an incredible explanation that doesn't shy away from the complexity. You sir have gained a subscriber.

  • @prabeshbashyal6343
    @prabeshbashyal634311 ай бұрын

    I am actually impressed and excited by the way you are explaining things. Just excitedd for the next parts!

  • @_vansh_W
    @_vansh_WАй бұрын

    Idk how i stumbled upon this masterpiece. Just wanted to say im a 12th grade student who knows nothing about this topic especially. But all these concepts and things make me wonder about the world and i really like to think . I will keep watching the videos even when i dont understand many things cuz I just love these things. Thanks for this fantastic video!

  • @alexkonopatski429
    @alexkonopatski42910 ай бұрын

    Wow. Just wow. I just found this series is amazing! I want to learn the math behind all of those concepts but most videos don’t include it. This one was very good! Thank you!

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    10 ай бұрын

    Thanks, I’m glad you enjoyed the video! :)

  • @jirisykora9926
    @jirisykora992610 ай бұрын

    Absolutely marvelous! Really looking forward not only the next episode, but every new video of yours! Keep it up!

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    10 ай бұрын

    Thanks! :)

  • @cordec_
    @cordec_Ай бұрын

    Hey! I recently found your channel and I love it! As a freshman year high school student, I try my best to understand these things and you explain them greatly! I myself have attempted to do something similar to this by graphing out a two dimensional intersection on desmos (my mathematica trial expired). Only it was a different equation for the wavefunction that invoked other things like spherical harmonics and a myriad of polynomial functions. It was ultimately a failure, I think I might have graphed it wrong but I’m uncertain. Anyways, thanks for making this masterpiece! I’ll study it a bit further and try applying this to my project.

  • @springdoctor
    @springdoctor8 күн бұрын

    Beautiful. Thanks for putting the spark in it!

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    8 күн бұрын

    Thanks, I’m glad you enjoyed the video! :)

  • @Solicanz
    @SolicanzАй бұрын

    Absolutely brilliant, elite quality

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    Ай бұрын

    Thanks! :)

  • @paulholloway7666
    @paulholloway766610 ай бұрын

    That's like comparing the mass of an elephant and the mass of 1836 elephants LOL!

  • @kitstudent4446
    @kitstudent444610 ай бұрын

    Amazing work! As an engineer in Aerospace and (theoretical) mech. Eng. I understood everything! (as far as we can) This evolves my passion in physics and maths! Can you show in one video, how you did all of this visualizations?

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    10 ай бұрын

    Thanks, and I’m glad to hear that! :) Someday I’d like to do a video on how to make these videos. It’s harder than it seems though 😅 This hobby grew out of about a decade of programming experience, but to be fair the animation codes are usually not particularly complicated. It just requires a decent amount of experience with Python.

  • @v_munu
    @v_munu11 ай бұрын

    Your intuition and explanations are on par with the clarity of Griffiths! Love it ^^

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Griffiths is a role model, so that means a lot! :)

  • @benjamin_markus
    @benjamin_markus8 ай бұрын

    one of the best videos I've seen in a while

  • @luislab42
    @luislab4211 ай бұрын

    Probably the best video on the Quantum Mechanics of a Hydrogen Atom I have seen so far. The animations are great.

  • @JackAndTheBeanstalkr

    @JackAndTheBeanstalkr

    22 сағат бұрын

    although the true color of the electron cloud is indigo not blue, so I have to deduct 5% for that glaring error

  • @yashen12345
    @yashen123458 ай бұрын

    bro u have earned my sub. The way you explain how it the increasing uncertainty is what causes the electron to remain in discrete orbitals.

  • @crzyfuture
    @crzyfuture10 ай бұрын

    This is such a well made video. Gonna watch every part that comes out

  • @Oms-xk2zb
    @Oms-xk2zb10 ай бұрын

    I don't care what people think but acc to me you have potential to win Nobel prize in future

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    10 ай бұрын

    Thanks for the kind comment! :) I just hope I can get to the frontier of fundamental physics, to see with my own eyes what the fuss is all about. That should be doable, since all the answers we have so far are written in books. Whether I could then make a contribution to push the frontier forward, well that seems like a much harder thing to do! 😅

  • @cesardelgadillo4139
    @cesardelgadillo413911 ай бұрын

    Thank you for making such high quality explanations. Your videos are perfect for the curious high schoolers out there that want a glimpse into advanced math and physics :)

  • @benwaterz2122
    @benwaterz212211 ай бұрын

    Thank goodness. I've been trying to learn this topic and have been repeatedly frustrated by explanations leaving out critical pieces and not explaining why or just doing some hand waving when the math gets hard and they don't feel like explaining. Thank you. I look forward to the future parts of this series.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Thanks for the kind comment, and I’m glad you enjoyed the video! :)

  • @Asterism_Desmos
    @Asterism_Desmos10 ай бұрын

    This is so succinct and starts from such a nice point. Very intuitive (As intuitive as quantum mechanics can be in a KZread video). Thank you for this!

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    10 ай бұрын

    Thanks for the kind comment! :)

  • @asaliphon351
    @asaliphon35111 ай бұрын

    These are awesome, I'm still in middle school, so I don't really have access to study things like these, but this is nice, your humour is impeccable and it is also easily followable ;)

  • @garyscott4094
    @garyscott409411 ай бұрын

    Many thanks for pointing out that Maxwell's equations break down at the quantum level of a hydrogen atom. I'm embarrassed to say that even after decades I didn't realize this! That was also a very nice explanation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors that you snuck in there. A mesmerizing video in both scope and clarity. Thank you so much!

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Thanks for the kind comment! :)

  • @user-jy8lb2zz6r
    @user-jy8lb2zz6r8 ай бұрын

    Loved It! Can't wait for the next part. . This was done really well!!! Thank you .

  • @zacharyshifrel9107
    @zacharyshifrel91079 ай бұрын

    This is brilliantly done! Keep them coming. I’d bet you’d crush a video on renormalization.

  • @astrokevin92
    @astrokevin9211 ай бұрын

    Great introduction. Looking forward to watching following videos. I'd like to share one tiny observation I made (only recently) about spherical coordinates that no-one seems to mention, but when you see it, it's one of those 'how could I have missed this?' moments. And that's that phi essentially looks just like a circle with a line of longitude drawn through it, and theta looks like a circle with a line of latitude drawn through it. This must have been why these Greek symbols were originally chosen, but I've never seen this easy aide-memoire written down anywhere.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Thanks! :) Yeah I’ve wondered that too actually, hard to imagine those letters were picked coincidentally, but no one ever talks about it. I think subconsciously that’s why I usually like to use phi for the polar angle, since the line is slanted so it feels more like elevation or latitude, while theta feels flatter.

  • @AbhijitShaw-hh3wk
    @AbhijitShaw-hh3wk18 күн бұрын

    Your knowledge is truly God Gifted 🙏

  • @burnytech
    @burnytechАй бұрын

    Pure gold! Thank you! Never stop producing such quality videos!

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    Ай бұрын

    Thanks Burny, I’m glad you’re enjoying the videos! :)

  • @gardensoundrecords3598
    @gardensoundrecords35988 ай бұрын

    ive been looking for something like this. Perfect. Thank you.

  • @michaelcharlesthearchangel
    @michaelcharlesthearchangelАй бұрын

    Very impressive presentation.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    Ай бұрын

    Thanks! :)

  • @Nyky95
    @Nyky9511 ай бұрын

    Love this video and the approach u use for math, it's simple enough but not trivial

  • @TioCristian-gc7em
    @TioCristian-gc7em9 ай бұрын

    this video is beautiful, you made a great explanation, keep doing videos with this quality

  • @gavinwince
    @gavinwince11 ай бұрын

    Great video! I can't wait for part 2 & 3 🙂

  • @hernandezdiazjuanpablo9817
    @hernandezdiazjuanpablo981711 ай бұрын

    Amazing, I'll wait for the second and third part. Great work!

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Thanks! :)

  • @theNERDYwhiteBOYS
    @theNERDYwhiteBOYSАй бұрын

    I don't usually write youtube comments, but this is one that I truly feel I owe to you, the creator of some of the most comprehensive and thought provoking study videos in the physics side of KZread that I've personally come across. Another reason I don't comment much is because I'm a serious yapper, which I assume anyone who reads this will soon find out, and I doubt anyone has the time or interest to read what will inevitably be at least two or three paragraphs of melodramatic nonsense. If you'd like to skip the context, the last paragraph is really the only one I hope for you to see and recognize. I'm a 26 year old who always had a passion in physics, but grew up constantly telling myself that I'm not cut out to understanding these things. That would mostly stop me from even persuing that passion into something greater. Every now and then, though, I would be inspired. I would be so inspired that nothing else in the world would matter to me. There were times my life would literally be falling apart around me {a bit of an exaggeration, but it's better for the story} and even still, I could only think about solving the problem which inspired me, and that's where all of my energy would go until I was able to come back to some sort of normalcy. I've never gone to school, so I don't have any formal education of anything beyond AP Highschool. This has made it difficult for me to accept my interest in this subject due to some sort of asinine supuriority complex I was projecting onto myself. For a long time, I didn't even think I had a right to be interested in learning something as deep as Harmonic Oscillators, the Schrodinger equation, or other principles/equations that could go as far as being the necessary tools to begin explaining the abstract nature of the vacuum and how it acts as some sort 'medium' (Not aether, although I'm not going to completely rule it out until I can understand the math that tells us it's impossibility) to bring Bosons and Fermions together to form what we know as matter. Or, at least, that's at the core of the question I'm currently trying to disprove for myself. Whether or not I'm successful is inconsequential, as the further I delve into these equations, the closer I come to understanding the nature of the universe. Although, it sometimes feels like every answer puts me 10 steps backward, lol. I'm still a complete novice, but I've accepted the fact that my mind is curious and creative enough to think more deeply about these notions, even if it is currently misguided due to an inexperience with the language that the math forms around physics. I've been subscribed to 3Blue1Brown for years now. I found your channel after watching his Essence of Linear Algebra series, and I have to say, it is likely one of the greatest channels I've come across. You go into the detail. You present it in a way that is entertaining. You show visualizations to help with making the equations more intuitive for those of us who aren't familiar with the mathematics of it all, yet. I haven't actually visited your channel yet, but even the first 5 videos I've watched from you has filled at least 10 pages of my journal with notes either from your direct lectures, or from the subsequent research that your lecture spun me into. Last night it was the harmonic oscillator, which I then spent 4 hours researching and studying. Today.... It will likely be the same because there's a lot that goes into that. The point is, though, that I hope you are able to recognize the inspiration your videos provide to others, and that you are genuinely the 3Blue1Brown of physics youtube. I don't like comparing people to each other, especially in this manner, but I mean that in the most complimentary way possible. You're amazing at what you do with these, and I sincerely hope that you keep making this content. Or, at the very least, that you walk away knowing that you made a hugely positive impact on at least one person's journey through this never ending whirlpool of theory and calculations. I've only just begun watching your videos, and I can already say that you've made that impact on at least me. Cheers 🍻

  • @rock3tcatU233
    @rock3tcatU2339 ай бұрын

    That was awesome. The best introduction to quantum mechanics I've ever seen!

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    9 ай бұрын

    Thanks, I’m glad you enjoyed it! :)

  • @eklavyachandwadkar6200
    @eklavyachandwadkar620011 ай бұрын

    One step closer to actual insight....thanks :) many more to walk

  • @Beerbatter1962
    @Beerbatter196211 ай бұрын

    Absolutely excellent. I feel like I've been studying this stuff forever, and then someone comes along, like you, that makes it all that much clearer with superb presentation skills. Thank you. I wonder if Theta could be called a declination angle?

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Thanks, glad you enjoyed the video! :) Declination angle actually already has a definition in astronomy, which is closely related to the theta angle here, but I believe it starts at 0 at the equator and then has positive and negative values. The theta we’re using in this video is formally called the colatitude angle, but people often call it the polar angle or, or speaking casually someone might say elevation angle or latitude or inclination. In the context of distinguishing between the angle that goes up and down, vs the angle that goes around, any of those words are ok, I think. The most important thing is defining what the degrees are and which way the coordinate goes, for example theta = 0 is the North Pole and 180 is the South Pole.

  • @Beerbatter1962

    @Beerbatter1962

    11 ай бұрын

    @RichBehiel Very good. That's a great clarification. Looking forward to part 2.

  • @zeluizsn869
    @zeluizsn86910 ай бұрын

    Loved It! Can't wait for the next part. 🙌

  • @Velereonics
    @Velereonics11 ай бұрын

    I think this is the correct way to teach those you really have to move at kind of a clip, because if you slow down, people will get bogged down in the weird notation and all the symbols and things which are very easy to understand if you just look at the whole picture quickly and then let your brain figure it out, but every difficult if you let your brain get really granular. My professor opens this topic with teaching Dirac notation at the same time so obviously it didn't go super well.

  • @sonarbangla8711
    @sonarbangla871111 ай бұрын

    From the classical world the leap to the quantum world is like a transition from physics to metaphysics, when the act of observation measures its effect on the whole world. Like the imaginary number i can express orthogonality and also permit factorization of all polynomial as real numbers are replaced by complex numbers forming a field, stretched on all sides to infinity. This change from physics to metaphysics enables us to enact QC functions, conjectured by Maldacena to encompass the whole universe and all processes in it, as the universal complexity gives rise to life, consciousness, soul and faith.

  • @andreandes7485
    @andreandes74854 ай бұрын

    This video has exactly what I was looking for. Thank you.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    4 ай бұрын

    I’m glad to hear that! Thanks for watching :)

  • @sumairahmad9464
    @sumairahmad946411 ай бұрын

    The Final Year Project of my BS degree was on scattering cross sections of reactions of important astrophysical reactions. I wish you had uploaded this then. I remember sitting for hours in my lab and trying to get an exact solution to the P.D.E you ended with. I didn't have the math skills. It took me about two months of going on tangents to actually accept that I can't really do this using Laplace's Transform. I went ahead and completed the project but this problem sort of set me on this path of learning higher mathematics. As for suggestions for the next 2 videos, I would want you to slightly hint at confluent hypergeometric functions like say their names because enough people don't know about them and I find them fascinating. And I love all your videos. Things like these keep hearts alive!

  • @JackAndTheBeanstalkr

    @JackAndTheBeanstalkr

    22 сағат бұрын

    "confluent hypergeometric functions" and thus endeth the lesson

  • @mariocesarsousa
    @mariocesarsousa10 ай бұрын

    Beautifully produced❤

  • @TheJara123
    @TheJara12311 ай бұрын

    Suppperrrr man, bringing down those math symbols meaning to visual level, you make as a fantastic journey...

  • @WildEngineering
    @WildEngineering10 ай бұрын

    brother i had just started my mouthwash when i got to the elephant part and i nearly spit it all out

  • @willo7734
    @willo77349 ай бұрын

    Really great approach to explaining quantum physics. I really wish all electrons made a little cartoon “PLOP” sound when they changed states. The world would be a cooler place.

  • @JohnVKaravitis
    @JohnVKaravitis3 ай бұрын

    4:20 The angles that you have here is how I've always seen it in my physics classes. textbooks, etc. Mathematicians do it the other way.

  • @OzGoober
    @OzGoober4 ай бұрын

    In the quest to find an anolog of scale, you sir are an elephant amongst micro elephants. from 3:39

  • @dmitrypotter3319
    @dmitrypotter331911 ай бұрын

    Hello! I liked your video, it could be used as educational material in QM courses at the university xD Very good animations and simple explanations! Can't wait for pt2!!!

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Thanks, I’m glad you enjoyed the video! :)

  • @aanchaallllllll
    @aanchaallllllll8 ай бұрын

    0:14: ✨ The video discusses the hydrogen atom in different energy states and the behavior of the electron when photons are shot at it. 4:28: 🌐 The problem has spherical symmetry, so spherical coordinates are used. 7:51: 📚 The energy operator in quantum mechanics is taken as a principle and can be further explored in the book 'Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals' by Feynman and Hibbs. 11:23: 📚 The wave function allows us to relate momentum and space-time and derive the governing equations. 14:52: 💡 The energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom is a balance between the electrostatic potential and the quantum mechanical fuzziness. Recap by Tammy AI

  • @skippyXG
    @skippyXG11 ай бұрын

    Great video! Thank you.👍

  • @gorantrpkov446
    @gorantrpkov44611 ай бұрын

    Really love this Richard! I barely understand anything here, but I want to go deeper and grasp it properly. Keep doing this, I hope to see the other two parts in the serries! The presentation and the way you explain this is captivating and very easy to follow, that is before all the math creeps in and starts crowding the place. If I would ask a quiestion, it would be when you define the wave function ... is it a quaternion? Is this why it belongs to the complex numbers? Or is the time component considered an imaginary part? Does it evolve back in time? Or is it that the spherical coordinate components are each imaginary numbers like in a quaternion (like i, j, k)? I see in previous slide (@5.35) there is a complex phase, but a phase supposes two waves that need to be in or out of phase by a certain time maybe? So I guess the time is the Complex value in the wave function then? If you could expand on this, it would be great!

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Glad you enjoyed the video! :) The wavefunction is a complex number at every point in spacetime. Quaternions are similar but more complicated, spanned by 1, i, j, and k, rather than just 1 and i. 3Blue1Brown us a great video on quaternions. There is a relationship between time and phase in quantum mechanics, for example the phase of an eigenstate will oscillate with angular frequency E/hbar.

  • @blazingdragon104
    @blazingdragon10411 ай бұрын

    Great explanation and amazing visuals. Keep up the great work I really struggled in pchem 2 and this really makes me happy to understand it better again.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Thanks! :) Honestly I struggled too when first learning about the hydrogen atom back in the day. Things didn’t really click for me until I had some more experience with QM and eventually just saw the atom as a kind of 3D harmonic oscillator, well not exactly but kinda. Then it became less of a chemical thing and more of a geometric thing, that felt easier to explore.

  • @cademosley4886

    @cademosley4886

    11 ай бұрын

    To clarify that, it's harmonic oscillator-like because the electric potential term is attractive and the the kinetic energy term (the gradient or divergence of psi, the Laplacian) acts like it's repulsive, and that bounds the electron position into the geometry of those energy states?

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    @@cademosley4886 yeah exactly, there’s that balance of energies, electrostatic pulling in and kinetic energy pushing out when the electron gets too close, with various equilibrium states occurring when things are balanced. So it’s sort of like a 3D cousin of the harmonic oscillator. The hydrogen energy eigenstates can then be thought of as resonant modes, sort of the ways in which a 3D quantum springy thing can vibrate. That’s just a loose metaphor of course, but it’s how I imagine it at least.

  • @brandonwillnecker8060

    @brandonwillnecker8060

    11 ай бұрын

    @@RichBehiel I think it's more than a metaphor because you can consider the effective potential from the electrostatic + the radial contribution from the Laplacian. You can Taylor expand this effective potential at the minimum to get a quadratic approximation. This would give the harmonic oscillator approximation. I like the energy balancing view as well.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Very true! :)

  • @2gr_t95
    @2gr_t9510 ай бұрын

    litteraly can't wait for part 2

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    10 ай бұрын

    Wait no more, part 2 is up! :)

  • @2gr_t95

    @2gr_t95

    10 ай бұрын

    @@RichBehiel you should expect a "litteraly can't wait for part 3" comment soon then x,)

  • @tetbundy5683
    @tetbundy568310 ай бұрын

    Lovely in every aspect!

  • @jamesgray3312
    @jamesgray331211 ай бұрын

    Amazing Video so keen for part 2

  • @adamtalon9776
    @adamtalon9776Ай бұрын

    2:21 I like how he just casually asks: "have you ever tried to catch a quantum particle?"

  • @davidkent2804
    @davidkent280410 ай бұрын

    Amazing animations. Really needed to see this.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    10 ай бұрын

    Thanks, I’m glad you enjoyed the video :)

  • @brockvervilles2559
    @brockvervilles25597 ай бұрын

    Love it! When might we have the pleasure of viewing part 3?!

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    7 ай бұрын

    Thanks! :) I’m going on a bit of a detour for the next couple videos, covering the basics of relativistic quantum physics, so that when we finally return to hydrogen in part 3, we can view it in the context of the glorious Dirac equation. Originally I had planned on just jumping right into part 3, but while putting together the outline I realized it would be more accessible if I covered some of the prerequisite concepts first.

  • @peterburgess9735
    @peterburgess97355 ай бұрын

    Your QM series is great, thanks very much for these videos! They're much more in depth than most videos I've watched while much easier to follow than a lot of the in depth videos I've tried. I'm curious though, what are the 2 unavailable videos at the end of the QM playlist? What am I missing out on? :)

  • @peterburgess9735

    @peterburgess9735

    5 ай бұрын

    Oh another thing... I'm not sure if you take video requests, but I would love to see a video similar to the hydrogen atom ones solving the Schrondiner equation for two electrons interacting, or an electron and positron interacting

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    5 ай бұрын

    Thanks, I’m glad you’re enjoying the videos! :) I hadn’t noticed that, but those were two rough draft videos that I had uploaded as unlisted. Apparently I added them to the playlist on accident. Also while I was there just now, I noticed that I forgot to add the Dirac video to the playlist 😅 I think everything should be fixed now.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    5 ай бұрын

    @peterburgess9735 sometime after hydrogen part 3, I’d love to do a video on positronium (positron + electron), from a QFT perspective. Calculating decay rates and such.

  • @peterburgess9735

    @peterburgess9735

    5 ай бұрын

    @@RichBehiel Oh awesome! I've got you subbed so I'll keep an eye out. Dirac video I'll check out next

  • @paxdriver
    @paxdriver11 ай бұрын

    Woow! Great work dude! Glad I found your channel 👍

  • @lethargogpeterson4083
    @lethargogpeterson408310 ай бұрын

    Love the perspective at @3:36.

  • @_kantor_
    @_kantor_11 ай бұрын

    Really liked your video! Dont apologize for the maths, it brings the light to the whole thing

  • @csibesz07
    @csibesz079 ай бұрын

    Uhh this is deep. I'm not even a physicists, but a free time adventurer in the ways humans are able to describe nature.

  • @bobbyobacon9425
    @bobbyobacon94255 ай бұрын

    HOW DO YOU ONLY HAVE 31k SUBS????? SOMEONE GET THIS MAN MORE VIEWS

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    5 ай бұрын

    It’s funny, 31k is already beyond my wildest expectations 😅 The response to these videos has been so wonderful, not just in terms of numbers but just the positivity and good vibes coming from everyone. I feel very fortunate to be able to talk to people who are also passionate about physics.

  • @richard8176
    @richard817610 ай бұрын

    I’m looking forward to parts 2 & 3.

  • @hamidrezaakhlaghi2348
    @hamidrezaakhlaghi2348Ай бұрын

    you are the first one dealing with quantum mechanics i didnt pause the video

  • @paulsaulpaul
    @paulsaulpaul11 ай бұрын

    I really like this format and the way you explain the maths. Which I urgently need to make my semi-schizo rants slightly more coherent. You actually read them, which is surprising. I wonder how many university physics departments' blocklists my email address is on by now... On this subject of QM, I'd love to one day to see some tie-in or expansion on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. I learned of this in the MIT OpenCourseware on QM I watched a couple of years ago. I think it demonstrates "quantum reality" more interestingly than double-slit experiment and really puts the universal causality "missing link" into perspective. I also wonder about phase conjugation in nonlinear optics and this "distortion correction" principle and what the math there looks like with respect to time (wavefront / time reversal). How that relates back to what this interferometer shows. Really, I'd love to have more understanding of optical phase conjugation all around. Just throwing some ideas out there. Thank you for this content! It's very inspiring.

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    11 ай бұрын

    Thanks for your kind comment! :) Yeah, there’s a lot of cool stuff that can be done with Mach-Zehnder interferometers. If I remember correctly, there are quantum counterfactual experiments that seem pretty interesting, but honestly I haven’t really looked into them. Could definitely be an interesting topic for a future video though.

  • @YossiSirote
    @YossiSirote9 ай бұрын

    This was done really well!!! Thank you 🙏🏼

  • @RichBehiel

    @RichBehiel

    9 ай бұрын

    Thanks, I’m glad you enjoyed the video! :)

  • @aridpheonix
    @aridpheonixАй бұрын

    bro u r DA best quantum ytber!!!!!

  • @Nickelnine37
    @Nickelnine3711 ай бұрын

    Absolutely brilliant. Elephant line got me bad

  • @slehar
    @slehar9 ай бұрын

    Wow! Great explanation!

  • @NovaWarrior77
    @NovaWarrior776 ай бұрын

    Your tone is amazing!