The Hand of Irulegi - Basque Mythology & Traditional Folk Magic

On this video I shall adress a recent archaeological finding, the so called "Hand of Irulegi" found in Navarra, Northern Spain, on an Iron Age context. I'll take the opportunity to talk a bit about this discovery and its importance to Basque History and Language, as well as adressing a few conceptions and beliefs from Basque Mythology, Belief Systems and Tradtional Folk Magic that may shed some light on the nature of this finding. Hope you enjoy it, my dear friends.
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Check the archaeological group behind this finding at:
www.aranzadi.eus/
#basquemythology #basquehistory #archaeology

Пікірлер: 126

  • @viomusardathefluffysealgas9347
    @viomusardathefluffysealgas9347 Жыл бұрын

    Wow I never thought I would see the day when proto basque writing would be discovered, cool✨✨✨ I definitely want to see more videos relating to basque culture and the Iberian peninsula ✨✨

  • @Biscaine

    @Biscaine

    6 ай бұрын

    to us Basques this was among the greatest of news but for us some of us ,should I say, more romantic ones I've so often I dreamt of how awesome would have been if our wonderful lingue Navarrorum would have survive to our days in a non latin alphabet, but maybe an iberian semi-sylabarium preferably the septemoptrional scrypt. But the Eskua (hand) of Irulegi is like finding that which was true at some point in history. This is like the finding of the Holy Grail of the Eskuera ( the way of HAND) language. Sorioneku!

  • @AlexWerner42
    @AlexWerner42 Жыл бұрын

    Spent the Covid confinements in the Northern Basque part (French side). Knowing nothing arriving there, the first thing I did is to look for information about mythology. The reason being, nights are clearly special there, you feel internally like if the place is full of wonders. It’s like the place vibrates. Really advising people to go there if they can ! (Aim end of spring, it rains non stop the rest of the time :p)

  • @bethbartlett5692

    @bethbartlett5692

    Ай бұрын

    I look forward to visiting Basque Country. Having been enlightened by DNA that my origin is Basque of Irish lineage, County Kerry. This explains much, including my Blood type and traits. Ireland and Basque Country, what a rich heritage. Although I know we are eternal Soul Energies having a Physical Life Journey in these Human Vessels, I'm so fortunate to have been taught to appreciate my lineage. It will be so appro-po when it is realized that "the Basque truly are Peoples of Atlantica" Beth USA

  • @haitzkarakuelotsoaaspuruko7997
    @haitzkarakuelotsoaaspuruko7997 Жыл бұрын

    In modern basque "zorioneko" means "lucky" rather than "good luck". "Good luck" is "zorion", literally "good bird".

  • @pekojounin

    @pekojounin

    Ай бұрын

    Isn’t good luck “zorte on”? Zorion is the term for “happiness”, hence the congratulatory term “zorionak” or “zoriontsu”

  • @Tipi_Dan
    @Tipi_Dan Жыл бұрын

    There are many holes--- blank areas--- in default historiography. One of the most glaring and important concerns those contributions of the Atlantic cultures in their own times. This can be easily attributed to the historical dominance of Mediterranean-, Levant-, and Mesopotamia-centric archeology and orientations. It is time, however painstaking, to repair those holes and fill in the blanks.

  • @KarlKarsnark
    @KarlKarsnark Жыл бұрын

    Great discovery. The stylized shaped and concept of an inscribed hand that can either welcome/ward off evil reminds me of the Hamsa tradition from North Africa(Phoenicia) and the Middle East. Perhaps, even as far back as Innana in Mesopotamia. At one time it was even known as the "Hand of Mary", "Eye of Horus", et. al. Something about and open hand speaks to us on a deeply symbolic level. Cheers!

  • @iainmelville9411
    @iainmelville9411 Жыл бұрын

    I am overjoyed to see you in more familiar surroundings. I am happy for you. Blessings. Many, many Blessings.

  • @hawklord100
    @hawklord100 Жыл бұрын

    I saw a video on TED the other day which was discussing and introducing the 'symbols' found in caves in pre-history 55,000 - 22,000 BC right across western/northern europe from Iberia to German caves.. the hand was one of the 32 most represented symbols used and was found in 65% of all caves along with the other 32, there were some interesting submissions on why a hand was so important to be used. We recognise that the symbols were representations to Spirit/the invisible for a purpose to attract or to dispel the natural/conscious energies that work in the Universe, in much the same way we use an antenna to attract or broadcast energies

  • @edoboleyn

    @edoboleyn

    Жыл бұрын

    Who was the speaker? I read a book on the subject from a woman who investigated symbols throughout Paleolithic caves. As for the popularity of the hand as a symbol … not everyone can draw and paint well, but everyone can slap their hand on the cave wall, blow pigment around it, and form a silhouette.

  • @hawklord100

    @hawklord100

    Жыл бұрын

    @@edoboleyn Genevieve von Petzinger she has provided at least videos on KZread that i have found

  • @michaelhamilton9408

    @michaelhamilton9408

    Жыл бұрын

    Interesting info. Here is an idea. Its a multifaceted power source having a unique resonance. The object then being infused consciously and physically during daylight hours with intention. Showing how we as geo-magnetic people are sustained and protected by mother earth. It will naturally repel those of unlike intent and be a beacon at night offering shelter to any with good intent. I wonder how developed the ear could've been? Imagine being able to naturally pick up geo-magnetic impulses to travel to a specific resonancial location that matches your intention. Possibly hear the frequency?

  • @lilykatmoon4508
    @lilykatmoon4508 Жыл бұрын

    I’d love to learn more about the Basque culture/history. This was a very interesting video!

  • @AmayzinG13
    @AmayzinG13 Жыл бұрын

    Oh yeah, a video on CeltIberian launguages including runiforms would be most fascinating! Thanks much wolfest

  • @espectronigromante9261
    @espectronigromante9261 Жыл бұрын

    Basque/Euskera: Egun on arith, eskerrik asko emandako informazioagatik, iruñekoa naiz(Nafarroa) ta guretzat oso berezia da aurkikuntza hau Good morning arith, thank you for the information, i am from Pamplona(navarre) ando this Discovery is so especial yo us

  • @espectronigromante9261

    @espectronigromante9261

    Жыл бұрын

    * and not ando xd * To not yo xd Fucking spanish corrector 😂😂😂

  • @smcwr
    @smcwr Жыл бұрын

    Before I even watch this video, thank you so much. I am a huge fan of yours and I always recommend you in my groups and podcast. Now this! I am OBSESSED with learning about the Basque, thank you.

  • @josuhuarte4452
    @josuhuarte44528 ай бұрын

    Thank you so much for this video, trully. As a basque person i have never seen an outsider speak about our history mentioning the term "Xenophobia". It's true, we ARE targeted. I cannot thank you enough for shedding a light to our lifes for other outsiders to see and learn about. MIlesker bihotzez. Jauna betirako zurekin egon bedi. Betirako argia.

  • @scienceownsimposters2142
    @scienceownsimposters2142 Жыл бұрын

    Guys and girls watch the "mythological" Basque movie called Irati it is a new movie and it is very revealing.Irati is also the 2nd largest forest in Europe which is in Navarre(Basque land)

  • @spectralvalkyrie
    @spectralvalkyrie Жыл бұрын

    Awesome video Arith. Thank you for the update on Basque culture. I love how one hand/two hand open palm symbolism seems to be in every culture humans went. It's like a common thread that transcends language.

  • @fenrierulven5723
    @fenrierulven5723 Жыл бұрын

    Awesome finding! I will love to know more about it and also about Basque and Iberian mythology and culture, is so difficult to find good information about those subjects.

  • @annnavictoria6328
    @annnavictoria6328 Жыл бұрын

    Kaixo My grandmother was from Nafarroa ( Navarra) The evil spirits couldn't avoid to count the endless hairs of the flower, as you say, and this amulet and use of it has travelled through the pyrenees, so arrived to northern Catalunya. Do you know something about the "agotes"?, they are kind of a etnia between the bascs, they say they were cursed and have special body characteristics. When I see pictures of them I feel something weird. I don't know how to describe it. Thanks for your work. Another interesting place for you to explore in Euskalerria is "la Sierra de Urbasa". Take a compass, some food, blanket and water so. Just in case.

  • @garaz1

    @garaz1

    Жыл бұрын

    damn, I'm basque myself and had never heard of the agotes, I will definitely look into their history. the pictures of them I found show normal basque people tho 🤔

  • @xanv8051

    @xanv8051

    Жыл бұрын

    Navarro folk is the Sanchez Castle still good I'm coming back soon before Pedro Sánchez pulls up

  • @rebeccamartin2399

    @rebeccamartin2399

    Жыл бұрын

    Pay attention to that feeling, you never know where it leads.👍Maybe some profound insight is in your future.😊

  • @jodiezammit333
    @jodiezammit333 Жыл бұрын

    I was thinking about this as I listened, and it occurred to me that as we beckon someone we show the back of our hand. The back of the hand could be a sign of welcome. As we ward off we show the palm. But interestingly, when we are startled, we might cover our chest or stomach with the palm, so, theoretically, the back of the hand facing out could also be inwardly protective. Also, five digits represent five elements. Thank you for your content. Always educational and fascinating.

  • @melissatheminx4710
    @melissatheminx47103 ай бұрын

    Recent family geneaolgy traced back to the Basque region and people, has ignited a fervent interest in Basque culture in me. Its amazing how things link. Already a self professed Witch/Pagan and Tarot/Rune reader, seeing this Folk history feels so validating, and its like coming home. Thank you so much for this wonderful video. Its a real treasure to someone like me who is on a path of discovery.

  • @loncramer2121
    @loncramer21213 ай бұрын

    Wow this expanding of runic inscriptions into past eons is fasinating

  • @annalisalundberg4561
    @annalisalundberg4561 Жыл бұрын

    Hi, Arith! Fascinating finding, it's a pity that you could not be a member of this excavation group, but luckily you had some friends there, and maybe you had access to informations before other people did 😊 this one seriously look like a blessing charm, it reminds me a bit also of the "hand of Fatima" used in middle eastern culture, but there you have two different versions, one looking a bit more like a hand, the other extremely symmetrical, with "thumb" and "little finger" curling outside...I know that in some cultures every finger have a magical meaning, or a spiritual one, so I wonder if that is the case here too, even if some fingers are probably damaged because of age... When you started talking about the sun "warding off evil spirits", I thought about the Hobbit too 🤣 we are slightly nerdy, both of us! Glad to see you are back home, even if it still needs some fixing...hope they'll be done soon, winter is not the right season to live in an open house, especially since it's snowing there (here it's way warmer, but it has been raining since last night and I surely wouldn't want to switch place... 😖) On a totally different note...after being desperate about my cat's death, and being uncapable of functioning, I've decided to adopt a couple of kittens...so, this Friday, my house will become a home again, with the happy presence of Fylgja (I wonder if this name will remind you something...?) and Gandalfur the Red 😁 I'm seriously waiting for it!!!

  • @76456
    @76456 Жыл бұрын

    Iberian language video would be very cool.

  • @rachelbenton1643
    @rachelbenton1643 Жыл бұрын

    Thank u,I enjoyed this.I must have some genetic memory (my DNA)came back Basque,along with my sons.Funny thing is I nicked named my oldest son (Manos) long ago prior to knowing our ancestry.Now I’m starting to understand certain things that I really needed to😉🫶🏼⭕️

  • @MysticMountainNebula
    @MysticMountainNebula11 ай бұрын

    Recently discovered family genealogy, a re-ignition of my interest in the soul/spirituality/etc, and the discovery of Gnosticism brought me here

  • @dylanmagoiofthethalasso4032
    @dylanmagoiofthethalasso4032 Жыл бұрын

    For me, I can see the hand gesture as protective do to the Abhaya Mudra. The Abhaya Mudra is a gesture for fearlessness and protection. I know they're from different beliefs and regions but I just saw the similarities.

  • @expandingknowledge8269
    @expandingknowledge8269 Жыл бұрын

    Arith, interesting topic. I am Spanish and Ute.

  • @larrsonarrows2169
    @larrsonarrows2169 Жыл бұрын

    bro glad your back home.

  • @Woollu
    @Woollu Жыл бұрын

    Greetings, Arith. I am very happy to see and hear from you. I'll watch the video, thanks for the info. It is interesting

  • @morriganwitch
    @morriganwitch Жыл бұрын

    Hi there . Nearly the Winter Solstice xxx

  • @alysmarcus7747
    @alysmarcus7747 Жыл бұрын

    i'm so glad you have your home back . . .it's snap here too. my front porch is falling off the house so we have a 'draft! !!! - good thing i actually like to be cold. and i have a cat . . . i think-Frida, where are you ???

  • @butroe
    @butroe8 ай бұрын

    That's incredible! I have tried to post a message, and three times it has been blocked or censored. I do not understand why. This was the message (without the final part, the link): «I found this video recently. We have been working on the investigation of the Hand text since fall 2022. Written in archaic Basque, according to our interpretation the text is made up of two parts: two short sentences that are greeting formulas, in the first and last line; and two other sentences, the central lines, which are a description of their way of life. We have segmented 15 elements (not 5 words), into 41 signs (not 40). We have carried out in-depth linguistic research, from Basque, gathered in 12 chapters, with abstracts in 5 languages. But our research still has no official recognition.» If this message is not censored, I will publish (somehow) the link in a following comment.

  • @bethbartlett5692
    @bethbartlett5692Ай бұрын

    I look forward to visiting Basque Country. Having been enlightened by DNA that my origin is Basque of Irish lineage, County Kerry. This explains much, including my Blood type and traits. Ireland and Basque Country, what a rich heritage. Although I know we are eternal Soul Energies having a Physical Life Journey in these Human Vessels, I'm so fortunate to have been taught to appreciate my lineage. It will be so appro-po when it is realized that "the Basque truly are Peoples of Atlantica" Beth USA

  • @Krushurpants
    @Krushurpants Жыл бұрын

    wow how exciting!! looks like runes

  • @Greentrianglegallery
    @Greentrianglegallery Жыл бұрын

    Ohhhh. Mmyyyy❤❤❤❤❤❤ your at home !!! Yayyyy!!!! So nice to see you and the old place ….much love and thanks Arith ❤

  • @imadomyrdin
    @imadomyrdin Жыл бұрын

    Arith, i do hope your home is finally repaired in full und you can enjoy the warmth of a cozy nest. thank you for this highly interresting video. :] take care

  • @apheliondriff9694
    @apheliondriff9694 Жыл бұрын

    I thank you so much for your generous interpretations and content on the ancient past practices. There are so many that claim to "know" so much. But the truth is, so much has been lost, adapted, purposely falsified, and remains unknown. It's great to, at times, just understand our differences and similarities through the past and practice today with the best intent for tomorrow.

  • @edoboleyn
    @edoboleyn Жыл бұрын

    Are we sure the hand is purely “indigenous” and not an adaptation of the “hamsa” symbol that was, by then, endemic in North Africa and the Middle East? The Phoenicians reached Iberia around 1500 BCE, with colonies in Spain and Portugal, where their version of the open right hand has already been found. If Germanic and Iberian runes trace their origins back to the Phoenician alphabet, I have no doubt an open right-hand could, too. The Basque language is an isolate and a pre-Indo-European survivor, but as you wisely point out, their culture isn’t a fossil in a bubble. I’m not saying it couldn’t appear without outside influence-the hand is after all universal. However, the presence of Phoenician colonies in the same region and this object’s use as an amulet in precisely the same way people from Israel to Carthage were using it (on thresholds) suggests a connection. I haven’t finished your video so apologies if you address this! Thanks as always for the excellent work!

  • @Cucal86
    @Cucal864 ай бұрын

    Greetings. I want to congratulate you for all the work you do, thank you. As an extra note: The Spanish language is a combination of Ibero/Basque with Latin. The vast majority of words used in Spanish have their roots in Basque, you just have to take the word in Spanish, transfer it to Basque and use the Etymology... you would be amazed at the meaning of each word and how our ancestors thought and interacted with them. the world around them. If you have time, you could watch a video and observe how the first men on the Peninsula used the natural sound of things to create definitions of what was observed and thus materialize the sound using the letter "Z". We have a clear example with the Pyramids of Giza, where Giza literally means "Humanity", curious, right? Even though it is thousands of kilometers away, it seems that Ibero/Basque was the first language adopted in those places.

  • @nyxdiosavibes
    @nyxdiosavibes Жыл бұрын

    Thank you for sharing ❤

  • @wholeyghost7790
    @wholeyghost7790 Жыл бұрын

    Especially interesting video to me personally. The most minute part of my genetic makeup is Basque. Thanks for sharing your knowledge.

  • @hutchison3379
    @hutchison33798 ай бұрын

    This is an amazing find! It seems to me the hand has been a prominent symbol for many ancient Iberian cultures. If I'm not mistaken, other types of bronze castings in the shape of the hand (tesserae hopitalis) has been found among a few CeltIberian and Iberian excavations.

  • @maureensinisi8896
    @maureensinisi8896 Жыл бұрын

    For protection of evil, chant or say the ancient sacred word HU (pronounced like the name Hugh). This word HU is an ancient name for God. It can heal, help you experience divine love, give solace in times of grief, and bring peace and calm.

  • @lalunasweet
    @lalunasweet Жыл бұрын

    Excellent, I've been waiting for your illuminating perspectives on this fascinating archeological find and connected practices. I love your contribution exploration of cultural aspects exposed from this protective relic. I've been dreaming on the subject for months since the publication article. Thank you Arith🖐

  • @ernamoller175
    @ernamoller175 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you Arith for sharing this new find! Glad you are back in the house. Warm wishes from South Africa 🇿🇦

  • @ernamoller175

    @ernamoller175

    Жыл бұрын

    Yule blessings Arith from a very hot day here in sunny South Africa 💕

  • @corawalkswithdogs330
    @corawalkswithdogs330 Жыл бұрын

    It’s great to see you back in your home! Congratulations!

  • @sarad6627
    @sarad6627 Жыл бұрын

    Wonderful. Is there any relation to the Hamsa? If you are interested I would love a video interview with you Basque colleagues on Basque folklore and myth. As well as sources as I'm having a difficulty locating sources. Thank you and love you as always.

  • @leonardogomes7165
    @leonardogomes7165 Жыл бұрын

    Olá amigo. How are you doing? Hope fine🙌🏻🙌🏻🙌🏻 Interesting and Awesome as allways. Outstanding! I will see now. Many thanks for your wisdom and experience 🙏👍🏻💯👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻 Hugs from Soure Marajo Island Pará Brazil Leonardo

  • @zig0rko
    @zig0rko Жыл бұрын

    La pregunta es, ¿por qué forma de mano? Y ¿por qué tiene unas líneas torcidas en vez de rectas? Obviamente sí que sabían hacer líneas rectas, lo que quiere decir que están hechas a propósito, emulando las de la mano. Bajo mi punto de vista son las líneas de la mano y cada una tiene su propio augurio. Como la primera. Línea de vida - Sorioneku (afortunado) por eso creo que son una especie de desear buenos auspicios, es lo que yo veo. Gran video. Eskerik asko

  • @luisacarvalho8719
    @luisacarvalho87195 ай бұрын

    The Basque people remind me so much of the Kurds. I guess solar motifs, persecution, accusations of satanism, greater antiquity than their neighbors..Also please if you can do more stuff on basque mythology/folklore

  • @muertito8077
    @muertito80773 ай бұрын

    Thank you so so so much ❤❤❤

  • @patfrench8046
    @patfrench8046 Жыл бұрын

    As always your videos are unique and very interesting. Thank you so much. I enjoy Wednesday.

  • @xanv8051
    @xanv8051 Жыл бұрын

    Okay so the freaking week i found out my grandmother was bausqe a freaking red hair grew on my chin no joke thick as hell and bright i was so proud thought it was a reward for figuring figuring out where we come from like we Mexican Michoacán and Guerrero but some Iberians left they're DNA and Names and I'm just great full to fill the gaps with answers and not suffer further from the diaspora

  • @familiabranquinhobranquinh9503
    @familiabranquinhobranquinh9503 Жыл бұрын

    I think that many of the subscribers have already suggested publishing their texts in book format, I completely agree, a written record is always a written record! Mr Arith think about it,okay?

  • @andriaantell5410
    @andriaantell5410 Жыл бұрын

    Thanks!

  • Жыл бұрын

    Thank you :) thank you for the support. Cheers!

  • @andriaantell5410

    @andriaantell5410

    Жыл бұрын

    Skol

  • @feralbluee
    @feralbluee10 ай бұрын

    i have been interested in fairy tales for a long time. finding out about where they originated and the meanings involved is so fascinating. i could link them up to many fairy tales i know. the🤢 idea that the boy gets power through speaking to animals, i never thought of that - for instance, Puss-in-Boots. 😼 one question, tales about grown children often have 3 to go seek their future lives with sisters and brothers. (sisters usually end up taking care of an older lady earning their various deserved gifts, rather than going after gold or marrying a princess and her kingdom.) only Cinderella tales seem to end up with a prince in Africa, Europe, and even China. only a Native American tale, still with three sisters, involves a god, the sun god, living on earth. So why three. thanks much - really enjoyed this one. love to see more. :) 🧝🏼‍♀️🧝🏼‍♂️🧛🏼🧞‍♂️🧜🏻‍♀️🧚🏼‍♂️🧌🌷🪻🌱

  • @jeffatwood9417
    @jeffatwood94179 ай бұрын

    I think protection as well as generosity relate to the hand, especially an open one. Tyr losing his hand in the wolf's mouth is depicted like a sweat lodge, the mouth being the lodge and the hand being the 5 elements in alchemical practice. Taming the warrior spirit, sacrificing it while in ciil life is the manner of transmuting the warrior spirit to alchemical exploration. Healing and killing seem to be opposing each other, and many taboos have evolved. The ability to sacrifice, however, is also part of the healing process, especially if you need a shaman to ride the spirit of the animal to get the medicine from the deity associated with riding that animal as a vehicle. Thistle is liver medicine, helping the immune system and detoxing. That makes sense to be a sun flower, since Thunder resides in the wood of the Liver (Chinese medicine, but Ötzi is proof of Acupunture in Mideastern farming culture about 600 years BEFORE the Yellow Emperor (Huang Di) lived according to Chinese tradition. I think it's also important to know that the Germanic runes, when adjusted to their reality, was ordered in a very particular manner completely consistent with the Bagua/I Ching cosmology. Seeing the runes in Iberian scripts long before suggests that Etruscans might be a link between the Levantine scripts, Keltiberia, and Germania. When considering the Etruscans were named by outsiders for their liver divination practices brings me to the sun flower information and thistle as liver medicine. When alcohol is ritually indulged in great quantities, plant medicine for hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice, diabetes, and indigestion are very important. I think Chinese Medicine, or at least Taoism in general, is the Chinese interpretation of the cosmological paradigm from the Sumerian temple complexes. Yet, we have not really found the neolithic members of the temple complexes that we have been finding in Turkey, Eastern Europe and Indo-Iranian networks. Like the New World temple complexes and their trading/pilgrimage networks, I'm pretty sure we will continue to find sites that point to such networks in Neolithic Old World. I think Huang Di refers to Yamnaya-like blondes bringing a certain refined cultural influence, although Qibo was his doctor teaching him wisdom of herbs and medicine. Between the Bagua cosmology and Semitic lettering the cosmological foundation for Germanic paradigms must be seen as an alloy of everything they ever experienced as a group, where individuals journeyed out to find wisdom and bring it back...just as the last half of the first ætt suggests (R-K-G-W), the action taken to resolve the chaos created by the "mistake" that was sacrificing the bull, Ymir, the sacrificed Lord of Death who gives forth Life ("Water is Life") with his spilled blood. See Kingu in Mesopotamian myth. The Hand of God, with the eye in the middle of the palm, is a common warding charm. The Hopi have a hand sign to which Pahana (Elder White Brother, a Hopi Quetzalcoatl) was supposed to know how to respond in order to be recognized as a judging savior or destroyer. Tyr terrorizes the bull when he helps Thor gain a cauldron from his father, Hymir (I've often wondered about Hymir being an older version of Ymir, supporting the meaning of "Hummer" or better yet "AUM-er/Om-er). I just recalled H is the letter sound "O" in this script you are showing.... I Chinese, the left hand is "yang" because South is the direction one faces when starting a Taoist ritual. So, facing South from the Northern hemisphere, the Sun rises on the left side and sets on the right side, considered yin. This practice also aligns the heart (on the left side of the chest) with the rising Sun. The heart is considered the throne of the King who unites Heaven and Earth, and from this throne the one who sits in it is considered "Chieftain of speech" since the heart rules the tongue in Chinese medicine. The sound "ka/kha" is the thing weighed in Egyptian religion after one dies. It's like the psyche of the soul of that particular body. This sound is also produced by the last exhalation of life...the name of the Holy Spirit, "Ansuz" ["the castle aaaaaarrrrrr" LOL]. Anyway, the yin hand is the healing hand as it manifests divine will upon the earth, like the finger that turns the pages of the Torah, or touches Adam in the great mural. This arrangement is why the Chinese compass has South on top. It puts East on the left and West on the right. Fire begins in the East on the pre-heaven arrangement of the Bagua, but moves to the South in the post-heaven arrangement, which refers to the retreat of the Sun during winter. Water is in the West first and moves to the North as frozen Winter sets in during the retreat of the Sun. All this relates in the cosmology of the Luoshu, the 3x3 magic square which is the cornerstone of all ancient magical systems, even being the foundation for an expanded version as Indian astrology. Pythagorean 12-step octave goes along with this cosmology in that his harmonics are 25 steps, or like tattvas in India that are "24 sounds and silence." The 8x3 of the Bagua trigrams are reflected in the cuboidal paradigm depicted in the Atomium in Brussels. Each vertex connects to 3 other vertices and the center, itself connecting to all the 8 vertices of the cube. The planes of the sides, like the numbers on dice, are the 6 outer seas that connects 4 vertices at once. Looking down or up at the Atomium, one sees the 6-pointed star with the top, bottom, and middle points aligned in the middle of the star. Therefore, we see the divine family of 8 having 6 children in charge of the Material world: a masculine and feminine trinity unites upon the throne to make the heart chakra symbol. The Hand of Tyr symbolizes his domination over the Bull helm of the Temple-priests of Mesopotamia or the pirates of the Sea People. It is described by Tengrists when they say "Tengri has many forms, like 5 fingers make 1 fist." Obviously, Tyr was extremely important to preliterate European paradigms.

  • @SamSam-jn2rw
    @SamSam-jn2rw5 ай бұрын

    Very impressive

  • @stewartthomas2642
    @stewartthomas2642 Жыл бұрын

    Love your stuff kick on love it

  • @roofgarden8039
    @roofgarden8039 Жыл бұрын

    Adorable your general culture! Fantastic Channel indeed!

  • @AlbuquerqueBandit
    @AlbuquerqueBandit Жыл бұрын

    AAAAAARITH HAAAARGERRRRR

  • @XENA_O_VANIR
    @XENA_O_VANIR Жыл бұрын

    I saw the beginning of this video and my heart melted seeing you in your home again!!! As you can see I’m catching up on watching. I have Covid and work doesn’t want me so I have time to watch you and relate…..Merry Yule!!

  • @alextremodelnorte1905
    @alextremodelnorte1905 Жыл бұрын

    Wow this info is amazing, eskerrik asko.

  • @worm_vaquero
    @worm_vaquero Жыл бұрын

    Home again, home again, jigity-jig!

  • @CelticDruidTempleOfBeliefs
    @CelticDruidTempleOfBeliefs8 ай бұрын

    I can Explain why those are older than Scandinavia Context they actually we're used by many groups across Europe before the Roman Alphabet table & or Ogham so most think Runes the style of writing is just Norse but in Reality Scandinavian and Other Germainc People Just Kept those Traditions around. Other Celts used them to not just the Basque but I'm sure most have at one point.

  • @MysticMountainNebula
    @MysticMountainNebula11 ай бұрын

    19:09 Wow I wonder if the creators of the game Kingdoms of Amalur took influence from this deity’s name?

  • @heimdalsen721
    @heimdalsen721 Жыл бұрын

    Have been found already related languages?

  • @davidallard1980
    @davidallard1980 Жыл бұрын

    Your vids are great. How did you learn about all of this? Did you go to school for it or just independent research?

  • @ExcaliburOfYuletide

    @ExcaliburOfYuletide

    Жыл бұрын

    Massive stacks of Books. Arith reads endlessly on these subjects -- so we don't have to. 😆

  • @butroe
    @butroe8 ай бұрын

    ¡Gracias!

  • @simonekaspy2231

    @simonekaspy2231

    3 ай бұрын

    ❤❤❤❤❤

  • @danielbriggs991
    @danielbriggs9916 ай бұрын

    Zorioneku deneke beegirraterren oTirtan ezeakarri erraukon. Everything other than oTir- has a transparent meaning, although in some cases it has more than one possible meaning. Everyone talks about the first word, but the second, third, fifth, and sixth are not that hard. denek could be either den+ek, "Who is" lucky being the subject of a transitive sentence, or a potential deneke, lucky "may be." begirateren is either from "begiratu" "to look upon/watch," or be+egirateren, in which case the verb is egin "to do"; in each case we have -ren the genitive case marker afterwards, but the nominalization of the verb is slightly different from in modern Basque. I like your version eki+ate "sun-door" as well, but it makes denekebe lack a transparent meaning. ezeakarri can mean "not to bring," or if it's segmented as oTirtanez eakarri, "to bring." erraukon is almost certainly related to dial. draukot, "causes to have"/causative of the all-purpose auxiliary izan. It could for example be a subjunctive, which would be appropriate for an invocation. Ikus. adibidez Gabriel Aresti, Juan Ramón Jimenez, Ezer Ez.

  • @pariahthistledowne3934
    @pariahthistledowne393411 ай бұрын

    Awesome stuff! Seems Ogham must be preCelt Native Hibernian origin. I have always been curious to learn more about Iberian Prehistory, as i feel deeply that Hibernians and Basque are closely related. And not thru Celt admixture alone....but before the Horsemen came.

  • @joutavainen2920
    @joutavainen2920 Жыл бұрын

    when i was eying through the basque etymological dictionary i noticed they have a similar word for ancestor as the uralics. asaba, at least if it´s as-aba, because aba or ava in uralics means mother or older sister (latter part of many goddess names and name of sacred totem animals like the ptarmigan). many other similar words too (the x-languages) but of course could be co-incidence (unless it´s true that the fringes survived of old european languages, because if you listen to caucasian languages they have the x too). another dictionary i recommend is the hungarian etymological dictionary (both free pdf´s) from where i got many good uralic words, the sumerian ones i just cruely deleted (one man´s treasure). the actual hungarian dictionary, it will take years to read through (many old goddess names there, truly multi-cultural area).

  • @joutavainen2920

    @joutavainen2920

    Жыл бұрын

    it´s so funny to me when they (academics) argue whether hungary is of sumerian, turkish or finno-ugric origin. of course it´s more sumerian or southern, hungarians have the least in common with all the northern (uralic) peoples. in the north it´s more a question of separating pre-uralics (aboriginal northerners) from the later uralics (peoples that came from the east or south later). so in that sense it´s the same as with the basque, we have relatively little of the actual northern vocabulary left (but we have the people and the nature around us). it´s not about inventing words, it´s about living the life! (have at you, all you pesky written cultures)

  • @joutavainen2920

    @joutavainen2920

    Жыл бұрын

    or to put that into language that can be searched, it´s not about the nenets people, it´s about the sihirtia (сихиртя) people (and all the other paleo tribes). personally i do like the nenets, a lot (that´s as real as it gets in the north, even the sami don´t live like that anymore). what i was trying to say there please do a google picture search on the nenets, then start picturing if some of their words come from sumeria. because even if they do (some of course do, language comes from all over) it makes absolutely no difference, because to fit their life it would have had to completely transform. that is what people who make those crazy language theories often miss, the power of the environment. even for hungary sumeria is too far to actually influence things now, in the past maybe more, now not so much.. it might even be more slavic now, i don´t know, never been there, beautiful people.

  • @joutavainen2920

    @joutavainen2920

    Жыл бұрын

    also it´s about what part of language you study. if you only compare words about southern technological inventions then of course you only get southern loan words. however if you compare words about northern bird calls then you get words about northern bird calls (can only be compared against birds of other northern areas). the same is true for the basque i think, the real language is there.. it´s just that maybe they didn´t want to find it, they wanted to compare it against others.

  • @potrokilo

    @potrokilo

    Жыл бұрын

    contemporary basque "Osaba"= mother's or father's brother , "izeba"= mother's or father's sister, "alaba"= daughter

  • @jaif7327

    @jaif7327

    Жыл бұрын

    asaba means gang in arabic lol

  • @alexiswhite110
    @alexiswhite110 Жыл бұрын

    i have rh-n neg blood an im wondering if you can digg in to that an the legends behind the basque an all to do with it ,, idk just wondering

  • @spiritjourneyofthewhiteche9394

    @spiritjourneyofthewhiteche9394

    Жыл бұрын

    Robert Sepehr mentions the Basque people a lot on his channel. Apparently they have the highest concentration of our Rh negative bloodline. We've got a lot of hidden knowledge in our veins, lol. Peace, One Love One Light!

  • @edurnepunky6060
    @edurnepunky606013 күн бұрын

    Mil esker, oso bideo ederra! Iruñatarra naiz eta betidanik nire familia euskalduna izan da. Eskerrik asko benetan Euskal kultura zabaltzeagatik.

  • @morganacrows9974
    @morganacrows9974 Жыл бұрын

    Gratidão amore 🤘🏻🤘🏻🤘🏻🔥🔥🐍🐍🐍🌻🌻🌻🌼☀️

  • @edithguzman7277
    @edithguzman72776 ай бұрын

    My heritage is Basque. Anyone know where I can learn the language?

  • @audrablagniene5771
    @audrablagniene5771 Жыл бұрын

    ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤

  • @univeriseman8008
    @univeriseman8008 Жыл бұрын

    Cavemen ugouga

  • @phillipr.mctear8962
    @phillipr.mctear8962 Жыл бұрын

    👍

  • @SuperBjanka
    @SuperBjanka Жыл бұрын

    Its a medicinal plant, so I guess it ward of some kinds of evil spirits

  • @redcrowdawn
    @redcrowdawn Жыл бұрын

    Please help free Leonard Peltier.

  • @gnostic268

    @gnostic268

    Жыл бұрын

    Anna Mae Pictou (Aquash) was murdered while being confined by A.I.M. (American Indian Movement) in 1973. During that time, Leonard P repeatedly threatened her and put a gun in her mouth. He admitted in front of her that he shot one of the FBI agents, killing him. Anna Mae was later found deceased from a gunshot wound. Her identification was found in attorney, Kenneth Tilsen's possession. LP was arrested and charged with the murder of both FBI agents and sentenced to life in prison. At the time he claimed that it was his honor to not turn in whoever shot the other agent and he would take his sentence as part of his commitment to the injustices against Native American people and particularly those in Pine Ridge South Dakota. He has spent decades complaining and asking to be released while never taking public responsibility for his actions. None of those people in AIM have. Some have died in the years since their standoff at Wounded Knee in 1973. Russell Means, Dennis Banks and other leaders have died in the meantime. AIM was founded in Minneapolis Minnesota to help address some of the corruption by non -Native agents on reservations and corrupt Native tribal councils who exploited their own people. A.I.M. leaders weren't perfect and they have never taken any responsibility for their actions. I have a younger brother and sister (we share the same mother but different father) whose father testified at the trial of Wesley Bad Heart Bull in Custer. When the verdict cleared Wesley's accused murderer A.I.M. who were present as a show of support, rioted overturning police cars and other acts of violence. My siblings father was arrested a year later and then found dead in his cell of an apparent suicide. My siblings grew up without a father because of his association with AIM which made him a target while the leaders used their celebrity to go off to be in the movies. Anna Mae wasn't the only person found dead after being held and confined by LP and others. There was a black man who had arrived in the area trying to support AIM and the takeover at Wounded Knee. For whatever reason, LP believed he was an informant which is what he accused Anna Mae of being. Anna Mae's daughter has spoken out about what happened to her mother on Facebook and will be addressing a Canadian commission on First Nations people because Anna Mae was a Mik Maq from Nova Scotia Canada. Times have changed and people have forgotten what happened there and many are being sold this story of how innocent LP is. That's not accurate or true. Those of us who understand the truth know that there is no way anyone who supports Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (4 out of 5 Native American women experience violence and are murdered at the highest rates of any demographic of race and ethnicity) and also support A.I.M. If you are going to bring up LP, then people should know both sides of the story because it's ridiculous how he is being elevated to mythical status. He doesn't deserve that endless fawning. I say this as someone who has had relatives in prison for violent crimes. Sometimes people who are incarcerated are where they should be in order to protect society.

  • @phornthip1991
    @phornthip19919 ай бұрын

    I see some germanic Runes.

  • @mariamoreno6342
    @mariamoreno63425 ай бұрын

    Annenerbe vasca.........

  • @CristinaRodriguez-xb7gh
    @CristinaRodriguez-xb7gh5 ай бұрын

    No es euskera sino iberico.

  • @purplealice
    @purplealice Жыл бұрын

    I'm surprised to see you talking about Basque language and culture, since they're not very closely related to Norse.

  • @ExcaliburOfYuletide

    @ExcaliburOfYuletide

    Жыл бұрын

    Going back in his video list, you might see all different videos on varying religiosities. Sometimes as a comparison, and sometimes just for the interest of it on its own. Since he is Portuguese, he sometimes does videos of the ancient Monoliths and symbols around his country and talks about the Iberian Peninsula quite a bit as well. I actually went back to the beginning of his playlist once and watched every video in order of posting, until I was caught up. I was a student at the time, and it helped me with inspiration for my homework quite often. lol

  • @Wedneswere
    @Wedneswere11 ай бұрын

    that script - just enough like phoenician, and just enough unlike phoenician, to break my brain. and if you use it to imitate our alphabet by cherry-picking from its forms, then you'd have a script like rhaetic - which looks just like you-know-what.

  • @scienceownsimposters2142
    @scienceownsimposters2142 Жыл бұрын

    So the mythological hand of irulegi was discovered and people still want to believe the official history over mythology?Mythology is the version of history of the Basques because our version of history is the real history.This is not even a discovery but confirmation of who we are now confirmed by DNA and anthropology,etc.People are so blind it is sad

  • @juancordero4911
    @juancordero49117 күн бұрын

    Vasco, euskeda=ÌBERO,IBERIA,,,,, Alexandre Eleazar

  • @maiarostiashvili6489
    @maiarostiashvili64894 ай бұрын

    If you say that the whole place is Iberian, then it is not only Basques, is it Iberia, Georgia? It turns out that the people living in that place are Iberians.

  • @maiarostiashvili6489
    @maiarostiashvili64894 ай бұрын

    თუ ქვია თქვე კაი ხალხო მთელ მაგ ადგილს იბერია, ესეიგი მარტო ბასკები არ არიან ხო იბერია, საქართველო, გამოდის რომ მაგ ადგილზე მცხოვრები ადამიანები არიან იბერიელები

  • @islandbuoy4
    @islandbuoy4 Жыл бұрын

    Hand of Irulegi an apotropaic CHIRAL hand intended to hang above a door to bring good fortune is very similar to the apotropaic Ahimsa Hand found in Jainism which is also a promoter of the CHIRAL swastika idea ... and close by we have the apotropaic Hindu Trishakti symbol which features together 3 symbols the trisul, OM, and again the CHIRAL swastika idea, the trishakti is also meant to be placed on the door frame ... for good luck, wealth and prosperity ... you gotta be a fool not to see the common denominator .... have a nice day

  • @scienceownsimposters2142
    @scienceownsimposters2142 Жыл бұрын

    The Basques(Etruscans real founders of Rome) are the Italo Celts but this is what the impostors in charge hid and didnt teach people in school.The truth will set you free so you can imagine what they didnt teach us in shoo:the truth/real history

  • @otracuentaperra4290
    @otracuentaperra4290 Жыл бұрын

    The article is pretty good . However the section about "racism" screwed everything up. From Blas the Lezo to Elcano the Basques have always considered themselves Spaniards. The myth of separatism began hard in the 1930's bringing along with it a long list of terrorism by some Basque separatist groups which of course brought virulent retaliation. Racism like what? The Basques are the group which is almost 100% R1b Haplogroup which happens to be the most prominent among western Europeans. Adding these facts let us continue with the factually positive parts of the article as the Basques speak Spanish and are quite happy with the rest of their Spanish brethren.

  • Жыл бұрын

    I am Basque, and long before any Spaniard considered themselves so, our ancestors were here. And we will be still here long after Spain disappears as an entity. Blas de Lezo and Elkano served their own interests at the service of the King of Castile (Spain didn't exist yet), which happened to be the Lord of some of our territories. Even now, there are plenty of Basques who don't have a Spanish passport...

  • @Ainvar12
    @Ainvar12 Жыл бұрын

    No es un idioma euskérico, es celtíbero. It's celtiberian.

  • @haitzkarakuelotsoaaspuruko7997

    @haitzkarakuelotsoaaspuruko7997

    Жыл бұрын

    Sí. Lo dice mi cuñao, que es celtíbero.

  • @redl1ner170
    @redl1ner170 Жыл бұрын

    Spanish racism against the basques?? That's truthly hilarious. I bet you don't even know who Sabino Arana was. If you open a youtube channel to educate people, you should try to educated yourself first. Peace.

  • @Renata-4love

    @Renata-4love

    Жыл бұрын

    We are always students...

  • @potrokilo

    @potrokilo

    Жыл бұрын

    Un resumen del lingüicidio practicado en los últimos 250 años en Francia y en España mediante Decretos o Reales Células contra todos los idiomas hablados en sus imperios en general y contra el euskera y el catalán en particular -los dos Pueblos que más se están resistiendo a ser asimilados por los castellano/españoles -, es el siguiente (sacado mayoritariamente del “Libro negro del euskera” de J.M. Torrealdai): ESPAÑA 1768: Una Real Cédula da orden de enseñar en castellano en la Corona de Aragón-Catalunya y otra Real Cédula de 1780 extiende esta orden a todo el Reino de Las Españas. Real Cédula del Bourbon Carlos III de Las Españas: “extender el idioma general de la Nación (española) para su mayor armonía y enlace recíproco”. ESPAÑA Año 1772: Otra Real Cédula de Carlos III prohíbe la contabilidad en euskera y catalán a “todos los mercaderes y comerciantes de por mayor y menor”. ESPAÑA Año 1776: Se prohíben los libros en euskera y catalán. El ministro real el Conde de Aranda exige que: “sin especial noticia suya no se den licencias por este Consejo para imprimir libros en otra lengua que la castellana” y especifica después: “archivándose la obra original de la obra de la vida de San Ignacio escrita en bascuence”. FRANCIA Año 1789: Se eliminan los Fueros y todas las instituciones propias, se impone el centralismo francés y la nación única: en idioma, cultura, leyes etc. Se queman los libros no escritos en francés, se prohíbe y castiga el uso de todos los demás idiomas, “los patois”. FRANCIA Año 1794: Informe de Grégorie y Barére: la educación sólo en francés y se persigue cualquier otro idioma hablado en el Estado francés. ESPAÑA Año 1801: Se prohíben todo tipo de representaciones teatrales en euskera o catalán y más elementos culturales, pues se prohíbe: “representar, cantar, ni bailar piezas que no sean en idioma castellano”. ESPAÑA Año 1803: Los maestros de primera letras aplican el dicho: “letra con la sangre entra”. Se registra la denuncia de un particular sobre castigos corporales infringidos por hablar euskera en la escuela. ESPAÑA Año 1841: Alta Nabarra pasa de reino a provincia española. Su autonomía queda totalmente reducida y controlada desde Madrid como lo fue la corona cataloaragonesa en el siglo anterior. ESPAÑA Año 1857: La conocida como Ley Moyano impone la obligatoriedad de la escolaridad únicamente en castellano: “La Gramática y Ortografía de la Academia Española serán texto obligatorio y único para estas materias en la enseñanza pública”. ESPAÑA Año 1862: Se prohíbe el euskera y el catalán en todo tipo de escrituras públicas: “los instrumentos públicos se redactarán en lengua castellana”. ESPAÑA Año 1867: Se prohíbe el euskera y el catalán en todo tipo de obras dramáticas. Real Orden de la reina Isabel II: “no se admitan a la censura obras dramáticas que estén exclusivamente escritas en cualquiera de los dialectos (sic.) de las provincias de España”. ESPAÑA Año 1876: Se eliminan los Fueros y todas las instituciones propias en la Nabarra Occidental (hoy Comunidad Autónoma Vasca), se impone el centralismo español a imitación del francés de la nación única: un idioma, una cultura, mismas leyes etc. Se pierde toda autonomía real hasta el presente. El objetivo lo señala el periódico madrileño “El Imparcial”: “Quitarles los Fueros no es suficiente, tenemos que quitarles ahora la lengua”. ESPAÑA Año 1896. Prohibición de hablar por teléfono o mandar telégrafos en euskera o catalán. ESPAÑA Año 1902: Real Orden de Alfonso XIII y del conde de Romanones en la que se castiga a los maestros que enseñen en su idioma “o dialecto” el catecismo. Entienden los gobernantes españoles por “dialecto” no los infinitos del castellano (hasta 90 principales e infinitos subdialectos), sino todos los demás idiomas que se hablan en la corona de Las Españas : “Los maestros y maestras de Instrucción Primaria que enseñasen a sus discípulos la Doctrina Cristiana u otra cualquiera materia en un idioma o dialecto que no sea la lengua castellana serán castigados por primera vez con amonestación… y si reincidiese, serán separados del Magisterio oficial, perdiendo cuantos derechos les reconoce la Ley”. FRANCIA Año 1903: Se prohíbe, otra vez, el euskera y el catalán en las escuelas francesas. ESPAÑA Año 1923: Se prohíbe además el euskera y el catalán en actos oficiales durante el régimen de Alfonso XIII y la dictadura de Primo de Rivera: “no podrá usarse por las personas investidas de autoridad otro idioma que el castellano, que es el oficial del Estado español”. ESPAÑA Año 1925: Se retiran todos los libros de texto “que no estuviesen escritos en español” y tendrán suspensión de empleo y sueldo quienes enseñen en euskera o catalán. ESPAÑA año 1926: Real Orden contra los maestros que no enseñen en castellano: “Los maestros que proscriban, abandonen o entorpezcan la enseñanza del idioma oficial en aquellas regiones en que se conserva otra lengua nativa, serán sometidos a expediente, pudiendo serles impuesta la suspensión de empleo y sueldo”. ESPAÑA Año 1930: Se impone a todas las corporaciones locales que “los libros oficiales de registros y actas en castellano” y en ningún otro idioma. ESPAÑA Año 1932: La Segunda República española prohíbe la enseñanza del euskera en centros privados y públicos pero no evita la creación de las primeras ikastolas bilingües desde el auzolan y fondos privados. Sin embargo, el Estatuto de Cataluña del año 1932 introdujo por primera vez la enseñanza del catalán a todos los niveles de la enseñanza, pero fue un suspiro en el ámbito represivo general del Estado español. ESPAÑA Año 1937: Comienzo de la dictadura de Franco, recentralización, idioma único, nación única. Prohibición hablar en euskera y cualquier signo cultural vasco (como tocar el txistu). La represión sobre la población euskaldun se produce con penas de cárcel y escarnio social (rapar el pelo a las mujeres, insultos, paseíllos etc.). Cárcel, interrogatorios y vejaciones de todo tipo sobre todo a las mujeres, además de todo tipo de desprecio. Lo mismo ocurrió en Catalunya. ESPAÑA Año 1938: Se excluye cualquier otro idioma que no sea el castellano de los registros, incluidos los nombre de personas, según la Orden ministerial sobre el Registro Civil: “Debe señalarse como origen de anomalías la morbosa exacerbación en algunas provincias del sentimiento regionalista que llevó a determinados registros buen número de nombres que no solamente están expresados en idioma distinto del oficial castellano, sino que entrañan una significación contraria a la unidad de la patria. La España de Franco no puede tolerar agresiones contra la unidad de su idioma. Tal ocurre en las Vascongadas, por ejemplo, con los nombres de Iñaki, Kepa, Koldobika y otros que denuncian indiscutible significación separatista”. ESPAÑA Año 1938: Prohibido predicar en euskera, salvo 10 minutos pero si nadie entiende el castellano: “Sírvase también tener en cuenta que en las Iglesias no debe permitirse la predicación en vascuence y solamente si a su juicio considera que la mayor parte de los feligreses y asistentes aquellos desconocen el idioma español pudiera autorizarse diez minutos de pláticas en vascuence que resuma lo anteriormente expuesto”. Una situación similar se vivió en Catalunya con la Iglesia Católica que sacaba al dictador bajo palio y fue un elemento fundamental de la represión franquista contra los Pueblos vasco y catalán. ESPAÑA Año 1939: Exclusión del euskera y del catalán en la rotulación de hoteles. ESPAÑA Año 1940: Excluidos en Tribunales y Comercios. ESPAÑA Año 1940: La administración sólo atenderá en castellano. Circular sobre el uso del idioma por los funcionarios: “Todos los funcionarios que en acto de servicio se expresen en otro idioma que no sea el oficial del Estado, quedarán ipso facto destituidos, sin ulterior recurso”. ESPAÑA Año 1940: Normas del Departamento de Cinematografía, todas las películas sólo se podrán realizar en castellano: “Todas las películas deberán estar dialogadas en castellano prescindiéndose, en absoluto, de los dialectos (sic.)”. ESPAÑA Año 1944: Prohibido el euskera y el catalán en las escrituras públicas e incluso en las tumbas. ESPAÑA Año 1947: Prohibidos en las revistas. ESPAÑA Año 1948: Prohibidos de nuevo en las escuelas. En los colegios no sólo se prohibió enseñar en euskera o catalán sino que volvió a ser perseguido todo el que lo hablara con burla pública, desprecio y sobre todo mediante el castigo físico. Esta situación era común a los dos países pese a que el carlismo alabés y alto nabarro se alzaron, engañados a cambio de recuperar los Fueros, con los fascistas españoles. ESPAÑA Año 1954: Prohibidos en las radios. ESPAÑA Año 1964: Prohibidos en discos y publicidad. ESPAÑA-FRANCIA Años 1978-2015: El castellano y el francés son de obligado conocimiento por sus ciudadanos o para que el que quiera conseguir esas nacionalidades con sus correspondientes exámenes, así lo imponen la Constitución española y francesa. En Francia la situación es incluso peor que en España pues aunque el Estado francés firmó la Carta Europea de Lenguas Minorizadas o regionales de 1992, ésta no se cumple. El euskera y el catalán es “alegal” en el Estado francés incluida su enseñanza y en parte del Estado español (sur de Alta Nabarra y en Trebiño). Nabarralde. Altos Geruzaga 9/12/2015