The ABSURDITY of Quantum Mechanics at LARGE SCALES!
Ғылым және технология
Claim your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: try.magellantv.com/arvinash Start your free trial TODAY so you can watch “Virtual Universe” about computer simulations of the universe, and the rest of MagellanTV’s science collection: www.magellantv.com/series/cos...
REFERENCES
Quantum tunneling: • Is Quantum Tunneling t...
Superconductivity: • How do Superconductors...
Quantum entanglement: • Quantum Entanglement E...
Quantum mechanics explained: • What is Quantum Mechan...
Frustrated Total Internal Reflection: tinyurl.com/2myks7ow
CHAPTERS
0:00 Magic is not real, I guess
1:33 My inspiration
2:40 Superposition
4:20 Quantum tunneling
5:37 Heisenberg Uncertainty principle
7:54 Double slit experiment
9:40 Why don't we see quantum behavior at macro scales?
10:45 What is Decoherence
11:20 Real examples of Macro scale quantum physics
SUMMARY
What If our everyday life was based on quantum mechanics? What if macro objects behaved like quantum objects?
If you are in a classroom with 4 chairs, you would appear to a second student, to be sitting on all the seats at once. But as soon as he touches one of the chairs, you appear in one of the seats sitting by yourself. And he is then able to take a seat. You were in a superposition, which is the ability of a quantum object such as a photon, electron, atom or anything sufficiently isolated, to be in multiple positions at the same time until it is measured.
This comes from the Schrodinger equation which contains a term called the wave function. The wavefunction for an object contains all the information that describes the quantum object, such as its position, spin, momentum, etc. Objects can take on almost any value according to the wavefunction prior to measurement. The wavefunction only tells us the probability. But once a measurement is made, the properties of the particle gets fixed to only one of the possible states. Note that a measurement is any kind of interaction and is a physical process that does not require a measurer.
Let’s say you hit a squash ball against the wall in front of you. The ball disappears and shows up on the other side. This phenomenon is known as quantum tunneling. In quantum mechanics, when a quantum object like an electron encounters an energy barrier, like a wall, there is a non zero chance that it will end up on the other side of the wall. This is because its wavfunction extends to all of spacetime, meaning it can in principle end up anywhere, including the other side of the wall.
But can any player hit the squash ball in the first place? If the squash ball is a quantum object, it is subject to the Uncertainty Principle. This principle says that there is a fundamental limit to how precisely we can know certain combinations of properties of a particle, such as its position and momentum. So if the player knows where the ball is, he won't know how fast it's going. And if he knows how fast it's going, we won't know where it is. So taking a swing, he may not hit the ball. This is not due to an observer effect. It’s not a limitation of what we can measure. It is a limitation of what we can know.
If a squash ball machine creates and shoots squash balls onto the wall for practice purposes, you would not actually see any balls coming out of the ball machine. All you would see is balls bouncing off the wall in front of you. What's happening is that the balls coming out of the ball machine are in superposition. They only become localized and visible after they have interacted with the wall in front of you. Before this happens, their location could be anywhere in the court. The various locations would have a probability associated with them. They could even be outside the court due to quantum tunneling.
Why don’t we actually see this in our everyday experience? Why don’t these quantum behaviors appear in our macro world? Do the laws of quantum mechanics apply only at micro scales? No, the laws of quantum mechanics apply to everything. But the effects of quantum mechanics are too small to be noticed.
Subatomic and atomic scale objects act like waves, and so behave like quantum objects. But large objects are made of a huge number of individual waves, since a squash ball is made of almost 10^15 atoms. All these waves of atoms act in a disorganized and random way. Their individual waves interfere with each other, and average out to zero. This disorganized wave-like behavior is called “decoherence” in physics. And this cumulatively results in classical behavior. In order to get a macro object to behave like a quantum object, we would need all its quadrillions of individual waves to be coherent, and behave like one large wave. This is usually not possible.
#quantummechanics
#quantumatlargescales
But you should know that coherence has been achieved in some large molecules consisting of up to 2000 atoms. Other large scale quantum effects include superconductors, Bose-Einstein condensate and superfluids.
Пікірлер: 624
I’ve been a geophysicist for 45 years. I must thank you for re-instilling the sense of wonderment I felt in my younger days. I watch your presentations then find myself pondering it all in those quiet times of contemplation when hiking or cycling.
I cannot express how good you are at explaining this stuff, you deserve so much more!
@user-qz5ox5ov2f
Жыл бұрын
exactly
@divyanshipatel8570
Жыл бұрын
Yeah, Like I'm being 14 and understanding all of this says alot
@dongshengdi773
Жыл бұрын
@@user-qz5ox5ov2f This is proof that magic is real
@markjapan4062
Жыл бұрын
JESUS BSAID SATAN WOULD APPEAR AS AN ANGEL AND DECIEVE MANY THESE ARE MUSLIMS THERE WAS NO GABRIEL ALLAH THE SUN GOD AKBAR THE MOON GOD...
@omarwhaibi8395
Жыл бұрын
He actually is. Thank you for videos.
I love your emphasis on the Heseinberg uncertainty being a consequence of wave mechanics as opposed to an observer effect. As a physics student I can attest this misconception is everywhere in pop science ! Great video all around.
@treeofgrowth
Жыл бұрын
You mean "woowoo channels" like Destiny?
@dialecticalmonist3405
Жыл бұрын
Saying something is "uncertain" is not an answer to any question. Saying something has a point origin at an event horizon, at least makes an attempt at a definitive answer. You might not like the "observer" explanation, but it is a more rigorous definition of reality. "Limitation of what we can know," vs "limitation of what we can measure" is just semantics. It is the same thing.
@vinvic1578
Жыл бұрын
@@dialecticalmonist3405 what are you talking about ? its quite obvious you have no scientific training, I'm sorry, read up on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Fourier transforms and an undergrad QM book (I recommend Griffiths) and I think these concepts will be much clearer. This has nothing to do with dialectics, its a mathematical property of wave packets.
@rolandmeyer3729
Жыл бұрын
I see you are a materialist "scientist."
@herrroin6867
Жыл бұрын
We don’t really know if it has an effect though
Your animations about physics are some of the best anywhere. I love how you point to formulas and break them down. How long does it take you to make the animations? Do you do them yourself? Either way it is very impressive.
@ArvinAsh
Жыл бұрын
Thanks. I don't make them myself. I just guide the animators. This ones in this video took about a month by people who know what they are doing.
@thezone5840
Жыл бұрын
@@ArvinAsh Can you tell me what would happen if something that is 1inch X 1inch X 1 Inch would behave if the waves were all in coherence? According to particle physics, why is this impossible or overly difficult to accomplish?
@flambambam3578
Жыл бұрын
@@thezone5840 An average atom has a radius of 0.1 nanometers. A solid 1'x1'x1' volume would have something on the order of 10^23 atoms, each with their own wave functions that would have to be nearly perfectly in-phase which each other to produce a noticeable effect from our perspective. If you had a ball of 10^23 tangled rubber bands, how difficult would it be to lay out every single one in a neat grid?
@siddharthshekhar909
Жыл бұрын
@@ArvinAsh Give my respects to the animators and the people involved in the storyboarding . They deserve an applause . 👏
@markjapan4062
Жыл бұрын
WHY ARE THERE MILLIONS OF QURAN IN THE SEWERS IN MECCA IF IT IS HOLY IT IS NOT..
I agree with the other comment here, I cannot express how grateful I am for having discovered you. Really like your style of explaining complex problems.
The most excellent explanation I’ve ever seen on this subject. Congratulations Arvin! Keep going!
Decoherence perfectly describes my mental state 😂 Excellent explanation and video, as always, professor.
@TheFos88
Жыл бұрын
That's what I said when he mentioned frustrated total internal reflection lol
Wow! This was amazing and incredibly well done 👏
I love when u say :" right now".👍
After another 1000 explanation clips or so I just might start to grasp this subject. It's so fascinating but so confusing. Keep up the good work Arvin!
Thanks Arvin, and what excellent job you do
I'm a big fan of you, Arvin! You made everything complex as hell simple as a piece of cake.
@markjapan4062
Жыл бұрын
ALLAH THE SUN GOD LOLOLOLOL
@aryansingh7209
Жыл бұрын
@@markjapan4062 ALLAH THE GAY LOLLILOLI
This video should be in the top-5 videos one should start watching to get familiar with the quantum world. Thank you so much Arvin, you are doing an amazing job in educating us!
Thanks for another great video! I love being able to understand the basics of Quantum Mechanics. Oh and great splash page. 😎
Very well presented!
Thank you - brilliant presentation of a fascinating subject!
Excellent presentation with utmost insight and clarity, Congratulations Arvin!
As always a great upload full of insights explained in a simple and interesting way! Thnx!
Content like this is a blessing! Such a unique take on quantum behaviour compared to lectures!
Wow!!! Excellent Thank you for that explanation!🏆
This is beautifully explained. Thank you.
Excellent .... take my hat off for you Arvin!!
Great video Mr. Ash , as always. :)
What a marvellously clear capture of the information related to the question asked - provides guidance (frameworks) for ongoing and greater explanation in the area. Thank you. You are tops, so very across the material.
Another excellent video Arvin ! See you in the next video my friend 👍
I've been waiting for years for someone to make this video.
You've got a new subscriber. Amazing contents!
This is a brilliant teaching video for the layman’s introduction to this amazing field of research! Thank you for making it!
What a great video!! Congrats
Aaahaaa!! Loved it ❤️❤️
Finally. Thank you Arvinash!
Love listening to you. Thank you.
Very glad that I found this channel,really great topics👍👍
Excellent video, as usual!
Love these vids on how to simplify and make the hard topics understandable and exciting!
This is creative and interesting and funny. Thank you for all that work!
Excellent work. You always make that much awesome video and explain it very intuitively. 👏🔥
Bravo! Arvin is amazing.
I am already living the Quantum Mechanical lifestyle, most of the time I know neither where I am nor where I am going.
Excellent, the best explanation of Quantum Mechanics I have see on KZread!
You explained that perfectly. I totally get it.thanks so very much!!
Excellent visualisation 😊
Absolutely superb demonstration ! I am sure this will encourage students (young and old) to get into the maths and physics to get a greater understanding and appreciation of quantum mechanics.
Very nice presentation. Many thanks.
You really deserve so much more subscribers, like at least a million more!
scuh a beatiful explanation! Thank you
Thanks for the excellent presentation. Another analogy for the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle I like to use is detecting audio at different frequencies. You can easily detect the start and stop of a high-pitch noise, light the "high-hat" sound in dance music. Low-frequency tones (20-30Hz) are so spread out that it's far more difficult to tell where they start in time. In typical music, a bass thud is really a short high-pitch impulse followed by the long bass note to give the listener a better sense of when the "beat" starts. Keep up the great videos!
@jayvaibhawverma
Жыл бұрын
Nice. That's a good analogy. But aren't the low frequency tones generally pressure waves? Or more correctly, sound vibrations are pressure waves. So, can we consider the Energy-time equation of the Heisenberg's Uncertainty to deduce the analogy you have given? Because I think that Position-momentum uncertainty will become vague for understanding this. What do you think?
Absolutely fantastic. Thanks for this...I'm a Brazilian subscribed.
Thanks. A clear explanation using some examples I haven't seen before.
Outstanding as usual.Your videos excite me like a little child wanting to learn the mysteries of the universe.I'd love to meet you in person & discuss physics.
Great job 👍
Excellent..... thanks 🙏.
You are one of the first, that I know of, to show quantum weirdness at a human scale. I've been looking out for such videos. Thanks. ❤
This was a pretty good video, I'm utterly impressed
Dude, Seriously, you keep my retired engineer mind sharp & wanting more. Keep up the good work. God's speed.
Awsome, thank you :)
Great video!
Awesome explanation....
Very will done, Arvin! I'm reminded of George Gamow's Mr Tompkins series. He did a few short illustrative stories on quantum effects if we could see them such as "Quantum Billiards" and "Quantum Jungles".
@ArvinAsh
Жыл бұрын
Indeed. It was an inspiration.
Great Video. A video on everyday life implications of Delayed Choice Experiment would be super cool.
You are wonderful in explaining and extremely knowledgeable man. Hats off !!!
Major props to people who play quantum squash, it looks pretty difficult.
@schmetterling4477
8 ай бұрын
There are no such people, unless they can make an infinite number of clones of themselves. :-)
It should be noted, decoherence is often quoted as a solution to why we never see quantum behavior on macroscopic scales, but this isn't the full story. Decoherence is just a term used to describe what happens when a huge quantum system's many parts interact, both with each other and with their environment. Everything gets scrambled up, and the system's parts begin to behave according to classical probability rules instead of the Born rule. What this does model is the emergence of classical statistical mechanics. But there is no mechanism that decoherence provides that explains the quantum measurement problem. As a system begins to interact with its environment, the state of the system, at least in principle, remains stuck is a massive entangled superposition, all the way to the macroscopic level. Interactions by themselves do nothing, according to Schrödinger's equation, to force a system to leave a superposition of states. This only appears to happen (for some reason) once the system interacts with measurement devices. Therefore, it's still an interpretive question, and an unanswered one at that, to ask what the state of the system at large scales.
@ArvinAsh
Жыл бұрын
Good. Thanks.
@b43xoit
Жыл бұрын
Can it be explained as entanglement? I think this is something that Susskind is saying. The system under observation gets entangled with the particles of the measuring instrument.
@jmcsquared18
Жыл бұрын
@@b43xoit You may be describing one of two things with the words "entanglement" and "Susskind." One is the idea of Everette's interpretation, which is that the universe splits in some sense. Different branches of the entangled wave function describes different outcomes of a measurement. The other thing you could be referring to is the ER = EPR conjecture from Susskind and Maldacena. So, I'd ask to clarify what specifically you're referencing here.
@b43xoit
Жыл бұрын
@@jmcsquared18 I don't know about an entangled wave function having branches; that's farther along than I have studied to. My understanding is that for any given pair of particles, there is no entanglement, full entanglement, or partial entanglement, and these things can be inferred from measurements, at least partially. And when I refer to Leonard Susskind, I'm not referring to the conjecture you cite, necessarily. Just the material he states here on KZread.
@jmcsquared18
Жыл бұрын
@@b43xoit Then I suppose I'm not sure what specifically you're asking/claiming.
Fantastic..loved it dude. Quantum is a tough subject & you pulled it off.
This was insightful.
Thoroughly enjoyed this video...thank you Arvin. An incoherent understanding is slightly more coherent due to it.
I cannot wait until you reach one million subscribers. You deserve it 10 times over. I love your explanations so very much! Thank you very much Arvin. Don't worry it will happen very soon I hope. You are the best physics explanations on the entire you tube by far. Absolutely love you!!!❤❤❤
@ArvinAsh
Жыл бұрын
So nice of you
Excelente vídeo 👍👌
Superb presentation....
This has been mind blowing 👍👍
This episode came in the right time i was searching for superposition for weeks and quantum lifes thanks for the episode
Just found this channel, and WOW!
Dang son! I love this! And you! Fascinating
U nailed it❤️👍
Super explanation sir
Great video! This was one of the best. Love from Sweden💛💙
This was the best explanation of the double slit experiment I have ever seen - which really helps drive home quantum phenomena
@schmetterling4477
8 ай бұрын
Except that the double slit is not a quantum phenomenon. A quantum phenomenon either has Planck's constant in it somewhere or it requires multi-quantum correlations like entanglement. ;-)
What a great, intuitive explanation of why we don't see quantum behavior at our macro level. How is it that after watching dozens of other videos from various creators about the quantum world, this is the first time I've understood the quantum/macro relationship?
As always, Awesome video Arvin! By the way, I was thinking what would the animation look like when you put a photon detector on the double slit experiment? Like then we’d be able to see the ball coming out off the ball throwing machine and going thru the slit in two straight lines but still creating the interference pattern? Also for fingers thru glass containing water, I don’t think thats photon demonstrating quantum behavior , thats merely total internal reflection, but I admit it’s a good analogy for Quantum tunneling
AWESOME VID
I'm 40, wish this content was available when I was 14. Great work, videos keep getting better - huge fan.
I followed the link for the FTIR and I’m trying to understand it. How about a video on this phenomenon? Love your videos!
Arvin, what a didactically amazing idea!!! I've never seen anything like this before, and such an animation is immensely instructive for looking at the unintuitive wave properties! A tiny nitpick, at 5:50, about the uncertainty principle (UP), it would have been better to say more unambiguously that the UP had been _estimated_ by Heisenberg and _derived_ a few years later; it's simply the Schwarz inequality between conjugate uncertainties in the position and momentum spaces, related by FT-but you know it, whom I'm talking to! I personally know that many physics enthusiasts who try to wrap their heads around QM believe the inequality has been _postulated_ axiomatically, like, for example, the Born rule has. Possibly, the persistent imprecise wording is due to the fact that Heisenberg didn't derive the formula later named after him, as the Stigler's law (formulated and named after Stigler by Merton, naturally) predicts. He only used an order of mag estimation. Too bad we use imprecise “principle,” “rule,” “postulate” etc. in physics. QM is sheer math, with its complex-valued operators and infinite-dimensional state spaces corresponding to nothing in Nature, that, IMO, it would be less confusing-assuming generously that QM _could be_ less confusing-to use “theorems” and “axioms,” as mathematicians do. “Heisenberg's theorem,” “Born's axiom;” no ambiguity :) Owning a 5-string bass guitar with an added low B2 string (~125 Hz), I often use it as an example: if the player slides his finger up or down a semitone, changing the length and thus resonant frequency on this slow-vibrating string, how much time does one need to recover a new note-i.e, the change in frequency? The answer is derived (with a few technical assumptions) with FT and the same bounding inequality on the time and frequency domain uncertainties: exactly 1/4 of the period. It's a warm-up math before the full UP derivation. :)
In the last month or so, I have seen quite a lot of videos on similar topics to this, of which three have been outstanding. Those three include this one.
Many thanks teacher
Woww you brilliant.. 🎉
Re the uncertainty principle: I think that's actually one of the least "weird" properties of "quantum world". Because it's simply an inherent property of all waves, not just the wave function. For example, you can observe a very similar thing with sound: you may have a nice tone, which is a sinusoid wave---so you can easily measure its frequency (wavelength) and that's what defines the pitch. But you can't locate a tone to a singular moment---only to an interval in time during which it sounded. On the other hand, a clap or a gunshot is easily pinned to a moment, but you can't really say what's its pitch; as it's just one sound pressure peak, there's no frequency to it... Same thing.
Thank you so much and beautifully done! Making the non intuitive and hard to believe awkwardness of quantum mechanics visible!!!! 👍👍👍😃
Really enjoyed the video and the tunneling explanation. Would've loved to see mention of De Broglie's hypothesis/equation. For me personally, it really solidified the idea that these subatomic particles aren't bound to "particle-like" behavior.
I really wish educators were held to a much much higher standard (& compensated as such). Imagine a generation of people, 80+% of which being educated by people somewhere near Arvin's level.
I have never been so excited and confused watching KZread video
Very nice explanation of where the understandings end and theories of gobbledygook begin. 🙃
I'm not done yet with the video, but let me tell you, I've been watching stuff about that uncertainty thing. I'm a real donkey at maths, but somehow I love everything about physics and especially quantum. First time I kind of grasp why it's not possible to have both position and speed. Great, really great illustrations...
As a student of physics I was addicted to your channel, especially quantum mechanics . I have a great curiosity from longtime to know about your qualification I mean in which field of physics you studied so that you motivated to make such amazing and elaborate explanations even though professors don't gave such explanations ;if you interested pls replay...
Thanks (again) Arvin for this video. I always wondered why the double slit experiment doesn't work for large objects, but is does for electrons, while electrons do also interfere with their surrounding. Of course an electron is much smaller than a tennis ball, but is has a charge and mass and even the smallest interaction should prevent an object (electron) to come in superposition. But now I understand that if an object is not a pure wave function because it exists of many waves that are not in sync, it can not be in superposition.
@ArvinAsh
Жыл бұрын
An electron is a single wave, and so behaves like a single wave. A grain of sand is trillions of waves that interfere with each other. It no longer behaves like a wave overall.
Arvin can you make a video on how our senses connected to the physical world ? How accurately we perceive the world?
@b43xoit
Жыл бұрын
That can be a fascinating subject, I am so sure. For example, dogs can be used to sniff molecules that no technology has to date.
@nmarbletoe8210
Жыл бұрын
That is largely unknown, but there are some very interesting areas of discovery. For example, grid cells.
Thanks Marvin
Thanks!
This is the first time I have understood why large objects don't act like quantum objects. I was stuck on the idea that it must be a perception problem of different scales of existence but your wave function interference cancelling each other makes sense.
Amazing graphics