The explanation of the microscope experiment contains a misleading simplification for the sake of understandability. Can you find which simplification that is?

@Markoul11

2 жыл бұрын

Great video and amazing explanation. You have addressed a very important aspect of the angular resolution of the Webb and clarified that Hubble gives actually sharper images than Webb which previously was not understood and they gave the wrong impression that Webb is sharper than the Hubble. However Webb can collect more light and therefore will have a longer range. Nevertheless, you did not address that infrared spectrum of Webb is not absorbed so much as visible spectrum of Hubble from space dust, gasses and nebulas. Therefore with the Webb we will seethrough these obstacles which is a very important feature of infrared telescopy.

@Markoul11

2 жыл бұрын

About the spacing between the mirror segments of the Webb and the diffraction and sharpness problems this can cause? I believe the black substrate material behind the mirrors will absorb all these artifacts.

@Obsidian0Knight

2 жыл бұрын

the way you showed us the wave propagating on screen doesn't make a lot of sense to me. Im not entirely sure how you did that to be honest, was it by changing the focal length?

@SodiumNitrateBot

2 жыл бұрын

Explaining that the light pattern outside the aperture looks like a wave because that's the only way light can travel is misleading -- shining a laser across a flat surface wouldn't look wavy, even though it's also traveling as an electromagnetic wave. The wave pattern is an interference effect with the wavelets traveling at the edge of the aperture

@HuygensOptics

2 жыл бұрын

@@SodiumNitrateBot Yes, Lucas, spot on. I am suggesting in that part that what you are seeing is the actual EM-wave moving out and inwards, which is of course not true. You are still just seeing diffraction. However, because you can only see diffraction to the point that the field extends, there will still be some relationship between the extend of the energy redistribution and the extend of the diffraction pattern. I left this in to let people discover this themselves. @Alex Domatas the patterns are recorded by changing the focal position of a microscope with a very shallow depth of focus. In this way you can observe what happens at a specific "slice" of space. I used this same method in previous videos such as the one on Photon sieves.

I’m not aware of any other KZread channel that has your combination of approachability for an optics beginner like me, combined with depth of technical detail if I make the effort to study it. Thanks so much, and please keep the videos coming.

@Pidrittel

2 жыл бұрын

I can only 2nd this! ^^ Thank you Huygens Optics!

@Arachnos27

2 жыл бұрын

Truth

@BlahBleeBlahBlah

2 жыл бұрын

I third this! Thanks from Australia :-)

@VikasVJois

2 жыл бұрын

Perfectly put

@hussainali9999

2 жыл бұрын

Me too

"This principle is far more often explained, then it is really understood" love it.

@csours

2 жыл бұрын

Haha, yea, I caught that too. There's a lot of low-key jokes in these videos.

@SuperAWaC

2 жыл бұрын

Most schools of engineering are like that, these days. Simply focused on cramming as much information into a students head as possible without regard for actually understanding it.

@charlesmanning3454

2 жыл бұрын

So it is with many principals, physical and otherwise.

@douglaskoo2354

2 жыл бұрын

I couldn't agree more than that ! ( very agree )

@chaz720

2 жыл бұрын

That was a fantastic turn of phrase.

Living in Tucson Arizona and surrounded by a large astronomical and optical research community I have had the opportunity to talk with many optical researchers and astronomers. You sir have an exceptional ability to communicate the science of optics. I appreciate your efforts and hope you continue as I have learned a great deal from your videos. cheers

@colinbrown7947

2 жыл бұрын

A fellow Tucson resident on this channel! It shouldn't be surprising but for some reason it just makes me happy

@professorbellorum

2 жыл бұрын

@@colinbrown7947 Third Tucson Resident here, and it does indeed make me very happy. The Tucson Optics community is great.

@briank592

2 жыл бұрын

Im a hobbyist in tucson. What approachable communitys do you all speak off? I got an 8" dobsonian and some great books, but i need more stellar friends!:)

@professorbellorum

2 жыл бұрын

@@briank592 Tucson Amateur Astronomers (TAA) is a great place to make connections and get started.

@briank592

2 жыл бұрын

@@professorbellorum Thank you for your direction!

Your videos are always great! Yes, I'd be interested to know about segmented mirror telescopes. It does seem like diffraction would be a problem. Maybe they use similar tricks as semiconductor masks?

@firSound

2 жыл бұрын

I believe they are very similar. The reconstruction techniques seem to share Fourier ptychography as an ancestor or cousin.

@HuygensOptics

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks Ben. Yes, as long as the diffractive edges are regularly spaced, they represent a very specific frequency component in the Fourier transform. I'm not aware of how exactly they do it, you could imagine that it is some kind of low-frequency spatial filtering. That might also explain why the outer perimeter of the mirror has an hexagonal shape and has not been rounded. Because only then it the same filter can be used for both segment spacings as well as the edge.

@LarsBerntzon

2 жыл бұрын

@@HuygensOptics would this filtering be done in software then? How is it done for chip masks?

@HuygensOptics

2 жыл бұрын

@@LarsBerntzon In chip masks it works differently. The precise mask pattern is actually irrelevant, it's only about the light distribution at the photoresist layer. So you use computational methods to optimize this intensity profile by using specific diffraction effects and write the patterns to achieve this onto the litho mask.

@LarsBerntzon

2 жыл бұрын

@@HuygensOptics Ah, I see. So if we could go to the end of the universe and place a really big specially crafted mask there we could get really good images in our telescopes :)

I got a master's degree specializing in electromagnetic wave propagation and your explanation of the physical cause of edge diffraction is the best ever! It really brings together the mathematics and real world observations. And yes, what you show as "waves" in the microscope image are actually interference patterns, not the actual light waves. This is a good way to visualize what is going on with the energy transfer.

Most instruments on JWST are sensitive to the near infrared at wavelengths

@Obsidian0Knight

2 жыл бұрын

Wait, is there a reason why they wanted a comparable resolution?

@pahom2

2 жыл бұрын

@@Obsidian0Knight may be this is the reason why he is now a former optical engineer and full time conspiracy theorist

@TheoEvian

2 жыл бұрын

@@Obsidian0Knight I can imagine that when they were deciding the budget for JWST somebody told them "ok, we can give you enough money to make a telescope as good as hubble but in infrared, you are saying that it is a hubble replacement anyway, just in infrared, alright? We won't fund anything bigger than that".

@Tore_Lund

2 жыл бұрын

@@TheoEvian Because the first object from JWT to be posted on Reddit will be compared side by side to the image from Hubble, and every crackpot will claim JWT is a waste of money as it produces worse images. So I guess NASA cares about Reddit Karma?

@TheoEvian

2 жыл бұрын

@@Tore_Lund They do care about PR quite a lot but I don't think that would be the main reason. As I said, I can imagine the image quality being a part of the budget negotiations.

I had most of this material at the university in a course on industrial imaging, at the time it was quite fascinating and i am surprised how much i put it to use working. It is so much fun to watch these videos and gain more info and insights on these topics. The quality of content you make and put out there for free is really astonishing. I cant thank you enough!

@molomono9481

2 жыл бұрын

I digress, the second half of the video is the most fascinating thing i have seen this year. :D

I would have loved to have this person as my teacher at the University. It does not matter how hard or complex the topic is, he always finds the way to make it extremely attractive to me... and I am just totally ignorant when it comes to physics or optics. Chapeau!

@DawidKellerman

2 жыл бұрын

Agreed!

Ooooopssss there goes resolution in the deeper infrared. That was a remarkable clear and visually superb illustrated explanation, understandable for a layman like me. LOVED IT 💯!

@kylemilford8758

2 жыл бұрын

Indeed. Not an oops though, it Is highly specialized and likely hundreds of hours were poured into deciding exactly where to focus our instrumentation. You can not have it all, and in this case they preferred to Have great balance between visible and infrared. Rather than deep infrared only without any visible light

Just gotta say, I love this channel much. Plenty of other channels offer shallow takes on similar topics, but this is the only channel I know that really dives deep into the subject of optics, and presents in a manner that most people with an interest in science can learn from. Thanks so much for taking the time to make these videos.

After several weeks of James Webb news, I needed a fresh dose of Huygens Optics. Your videos are so well made that an interested novice, like myself, can follow along.

I've never considered why wave behaves like they do and your video gave me a greate intuition about it! This is super food for thoughts. Thanks

Great explanation of these concepts. If you read any of the blogs on photography or cameras, you will be amazed at the confusion amongst photographers on the topic of "resolution" of lenses.

@lobsterbark

2 жыл бұрын

Modern day photographers are remarkably ignorant about how their cameras work considering how easy it is to find information on the internet

Your explanations have a very large aperture, they are crystal clear !

In the sea of videos trying to explain Webb ST. This one is absolutely the best. (From what I have seen so far)

This video is much more intelligent than KZread deserves.

And here I was, all hyped up for some amazingly sharp pictures from the Webb's telescope.

Excellent video! Diffraction is one of the most hermetic phenomena in light and you always make it reach the edge of grasping it. Fascinating subject!

I appreciate the clear diagrams and pause your videos many times to study them.

Thank you for this. I love learning new things and you do a great job of explaining complicated concepts.

This was an AMAZING reveal of optics down to the quantum level. Very thought provoking!

Jeroen: Thank you for this video. It has let me add your astute observations on diffraction to my own patchwork of understanding. And I appreciate your sharing your extraordinary optical creations through your other videos. You are making an outstanding contribution to the world wide web!

Every new video you publish is such a treat for my brain. Thanks!

This is not the first video from your channel that I see, but even more than before I'm mesmerized! You deserve millions of subscribers. Thank you very much for this amazing content!

Your videos are just a treasure to watch learn as they are so well explained and with a lot of detail yet so much "clarity" (yes no pun here). Even at 72, with basic knowledge of physics from my college days, I am now able to recall and even understand so much more of the physics and the practical engineering of optics and optical devices. I wish I had teachers like you back when we just were told the formula or some "hand waving" explanation of various physics topics where even the profs did not have the insight nor the ability to communicate rather deep science principles. Oh well, the world is a lot better off now with such wonderful people connected through the web that the IQ of this entire planet has gone up by several points.🤩🤩👌👌👌👌

Explaining the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction principle as an exchange of energy, is mindblowing! Now I even understand EM waves better too!

That explanation really came together at the end and made perfect sense.

Thank you. That was the first time I understood the difference between Hubble and Webb’s capabilities.

I love your explanations! They are so clear and interesting. I'm very excited to see what the Webb telescope will show us. I have a distinct memory of getting mild vertigo years ago watching a slow zoom in on some part of the deep field image and realizing that all those "stars" were actually galaxies. Thanks for your care in making such good sciences content.

You just delivered the single best explanation to why a pinhole lens has an optimal diamater. I always heard, that diffraction causes the image to get less sharp if you have an apperature that is too small, but I never really understood why. Your graphics really helped me too wrap my head around it. Such a great Video!

Thank you for making this video - it's extremely informative. I am working on my PhD in Astrophysics, and you're still educating me. The surface-tension analogy and explanation for the Huygens-Fresnel principle was particularly eye-opening.

Eon space labs is doing great. Really impressed with their work in very short time and limited resources. Keep doing good job Team Eon Space Labs (ESL).👏👏👏

First video I have just seen of you and can just hope, you teach other people in some way other than youtube. Man this was spot on explanation and new information without the bla bla around other stuff!

A rare for-grownups content presentation. You feel taken seriously when listening to this.

This is my first time finding your channel, but I'm definitely impressed!

I thought about this issue with the wavelength and resolution and hadn't seen it addressed yet, so thank you for that!

Love this channel so much, thank you for all your amazing and detailed explanations

A remarkable presentation filled with teaching and discussion RE:JWST. As long as you identify fundamental limitations to optical performance, JWST will be 'seen' as remarkable with potentially new scientific data for cosmologists. Without belaboring points, a larger mirror could not have been launched today and high red shift demands longer wavelengths. JSWT will (hopefully) collect the only available photons from high red shift objects - full stop. Your video is one of the most well prepared and rigorous I have ever seen; I particularly like the energy discussion. I will review Feymann's lectures again to compare with your presentation.

So very good! You've cleared up things I thought I knew clearly before.

Great great great video! I didn't even know how curious I was about this stuff. Your voice is super relaxing and you're so informative, too. We received a little 80mm aperture hobby telescope for christmas,and are already looking at others after seeing the moons of Jupiter.

YAY, made my month to see another video.

Excellent video explaining hard to grasp concepts!! Bravo!!

That video explains this subject so well and is so interesting! Really pleasant to watch 😀

I've been working in optics for almost a quarter century, and I have to say that this guy has a gift at explaining things. I'm a little envious, actually.

An excellent explanation for people whithout deep knowledge for telescopes. I learned some unique stuff.

I absolutely love your Videos, every time I learn something new and exciting. Can't wait for the next one 😃😃 You are doing a Great job of explaining things in a simple to understand and interesting way. 10/10 🥰

Superb presentation, especially about the edge effects of spreading both inwards and outwards, I've never seen that explained so clearly. Thankyou

Thank you for the energy concept of wave diffraction. I find it much more intuitive than the geometric concepts.

This is a fantastic explanation, thank you.

Very nice Video! I am working in the field of optics and I got some amazing new perspectives from your videos. I think another advantage of the longer wave length of the James Webb telescope is that you can observe through dust which is not possible with visible light.

@JoseSilveira-newhandleforYT

2 жыл бұрын

Yep, that's one of the reasons NASA indicates for going IR - to get through the dust. However, after watching this video, I am a bit puzzled.

Again a superb video. Congratulations!

I am fascinated by your clear and detailed explanation of the role of the diffraction limit on resolution. The last time I was dealing with it has been 45 years ago in the advanced internship (Fortgeschrittenen-Praktikum) physics studies. Since then I wondered that endoscopes and miniature cameras of mobile phones were able to supply such good images as never going into details. Now suddenly by following your video I experience more clarity. It is a great pleasure!

Perfect explanation!

Wow. What a great demonstration.

What an awesome talk. Just perfect. Thank you.

Or you can look at it in terms of a spatial Fourier transform, translating between position and k-space. The spatial profile between the aperture/lens/mirror and the focus can be described by a fractional Fourier transform. This then tells you, that the k-vector distribution created by the round aperture in front of a lens makes a focus which is its Fourier transform, an Airy disk.

@HuygensOptics

2 жыл бұрын

Sure. But this would also have significantly reduced average viewing duration.

@gustavlicht9620

2 жыл бұрын

@@HuygensOptics Speaking of Fourier, would it make sense to make apertures with Gaussian or raised cosine edges? E.g. via gradient in optical density? Those would result in less ripple. Another question - just like we use equalisation in digital communication, would it be possible to compensate for some of the distortion caused by the finite aperture using digital filters?

congratulations on the attention. you guys deserve it it's a kick ass idea.

Thank you for this explanation of the relationship.

loved the explanation of angular resolution.

Very nice to understand the optical limitations of James Webb.

I agree with the position of explaining light in the same manner as we would any other form of energy. Very good video my good sir, thanks for making this. As per typical with your content I find my self learning about something that I didn't even consider was a thing to learn.

A wonderful explanation.

So informative. I felt like I just absorbed a lecture without feeling the chore of a lecture.

mindblowing video, thank you SO MUCH for showing what you think it'll look like at that wavelength - I'm still expecting the results could be eerie....... interesting stuff!! Best channel on youtube

Beautifully explained

This is some valuable knowledge about JWST right there.

Such a great video, thanks!

I hate to say it but this video has deflated a bit of my excitement for jwst. Up until now I had the idea in my head of jwst being able to literally zoom further out, and to be able to resolve those more distant objects just as well as Hubble. I have been imagining resolved images tracing the first stars ever born, and then being able to watch step by step as they coalesce into galaxies. This video has made it clear that we won’t be getting those images. I get that there is still an immeasurable amount of new science sure to come from the observatory, I’m just a bit bummed that the super-mega-ultra deep field of my minds eye is likely still one or two generations of space telescopes out…

@martinmckee5333

2 жыл бұрын

That is something that has always frustrated me about the science journalism surrounding the James Webb. It has always been sold as a bigger/better Hubble, but it's not. It's an instrument with a totally different purpose. I have been worried for years that the general public might be disappointed when it "fails" to generate "better" results. Nothing against JWST. Just 100% a failure to explain what the goals and capabilities are. Which is a shame.

@lobsterbark

2 жыл бұрын

@@martinmckee5333 Most journalists aren't paid enough to care about anything. Most articles are written on short deadlines by people not qualified to write them, while they are working on several other similar articles besides. Under these circumstances, it's not surprising such incredibly poor coverage is given to every subject.

@martinmckee5333

2 жыл бұрын

@@lobsterbark Not surprising, no. But still disappointing. I'm convinced that the quality of science journalism (or lack thereof), is a big reason for the current lack of excitement in and outright distrust of science by the general population.

I really enjoy watching these videos!

Als iemand die halverwege de middelbare school natuurkunde liet vallen, nooit de uni heeft betreden, en later pas astrofotografie heeft opgepakt... moet ik zeggen dat ik de uitleg en combinatie met praktijk beelden super overzichtelijk en begrijpelijk vind. Goed werk!

I leaned a ton from this video. Thank you!

Great video, always say cameras are like most things, bigger is better. I am excited about the James Webb because the longer wavelength can see through dust giving us images of things we have never seen.

I really enjoy your videos. I always get a aha-experience. Thanks

The presenter pans across a lot of physics, not just optics. The presentation is so well thought through that a lot of difficult concepts get explained so ordinary mortals can understand. Max kudos! But should we be surprised at the Dutch who currently (Q3/2023) have Robbert Dijkgraaf as Minister of Education. Dhr Dijkgraaf is an internationally known theoretical physicist, former director of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton (a role taken by Robert Oppenheimer in the 1950s). So brain the size of a planet, close enough - education in good hands.

I’ve been waiting for another video for so long

Thanks for your explanation.It makes me understand more of the world itself.

Love each video made. Keep the amazing job !!

Thank you for this video, it was very interesting and educational.

Actually by that video I knew your great channel exist, after it I found your great content that help me a lot with many similar protects I had in my lab. Thanks again.

"When the pro speak". Thanks you for sharing your knowledge

Thank you one million times! Very interesting,

This is the only video on youtube that actually explained Diffraction so effectively that I can't even express. Now I know why everyone says don't shoot above f11 with most lenses because smaller the size of aperature the angle at which the incoming light will diffract so severely that most of it won't fall on sensor so less resolution/softer images. Also Thank you sir for that JWST explanation I was commenting everywhere saying the apparent resolution of JWST is basically even lower than hubble But so many people are just waiting for the images. Also IR is the reason why JWST has only 2MP sensors in its cameras to help it get as light as possible & not care about resolution as much as there is literally no way anyways.

@robcavazz

2 жыл бұрын

NIRCam instrument consists of an array of ten 2048x2048 px sensors, so it's roughly a 40 MP imager. Furthermore the optic correction capabilities of JWST are far better than those of Hubble. Given it can work up to 600 nm (visible orange), it will provide high resolutions images, even if these will not give the most scientifically relevant results.

@datdudeinred

2 жыл бұрын

@@robcavazz Thats what I don't think they would have designed & made such a masterpiece if it e=was not even higher resolution. Guess all have to wait and watch which turns out to be true. But being an engineer myself I have immense amount of faith in the engineers who designed all of jwst the optics[USA guys] & ofc Instruments[Canada guys]. BTW do you know how they will add all the colors like the colors closer to blue in wavelengths? Which techniques? Also is it same for IR & Far visible range or it differs?

[off topic] as a nerdy macro photographer, I just love THIS explanation of diffraction Chapeau!

It seems like it should be possible to set limits on the possible granularity of spacetime by looking for gaps in the stretched wavelengths. Thank you for the thorough going over on aperture.

As usual - great video...

Very enlightening - thank you.

Now I fully understand why a big telescope or microscope means better resolution!! Thank you!!

Haven't seen anything like that before. Amazing channel !

Great video. Many thanks

Zeer interessant, bedankt voor deze uitleg.

As a simple viewer of this fascinating field of science, combined with your capability to communicate these complicated terms in a way simpler mood, is outstanding. With this background on my side, my expectations for the web space telescope were rather *BIG*... but you let me look better at the physical reality. I'm a bit sad, but THANKS!

With NASA’s announcement today of the completion of the JWST’s alignment, I would absolutely love a very (very!) detailed video on exactly what alignment means - their video mentions both spatial and phase alignment, using FFTs, and I can’t think of anyone better on the internet to explain it than Huygens Optics!

Excellent video and explaining TY 👍

Excellent! Thank you.

Fantastic video!

Excellent explanation for non expert viewers!

i wouldn't beleive that this is true ! luckily youtube give me the chance to see your video ( thanks to youtube recommandation) ! and what a humble Man you are! great content ...keep going giving us the knowledge that opens our eyes.

This short frame where you cut in JWST to the simulation with the same mirror shape was so nice :D

Great lecture. It reminded me of my years as a student.