History of Telangana
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Part of a series on
Telangana
GeographyPolitical history
History and Kingdoms
Assaka
Satavahanas
Ikshvaku
Salankayanas
Vishnukundinas
Pallavas
Eastern Chalukyas
Kota Vamsa
Chagi
Velanati Chodas
Kakatiyas
Musunuri Nayak
Ravella Nayaks
Sayapaneni Nayaks
Pemmasani Nayaks
Suryadevara Nayaks
Vasireddy Rajas
Vijayanagara dynasty
Bahmanids
Qutb Shahi
Hyderabad Nizams
British Raj
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The history of Telangana, located on the high Deccan Plateau, includes its being ruled by the Satavahana Dynasty (230 BCE to 220 CE), the Kakatiya Dynasty (1083-1323), the Musunuri Nayaks (1326-1356), the Delhi Sultanate, the Bahmani Sultanate (1347-1512), Golconda Sultanate (1512-1687) and Asaf Jahi dynasty (1724-1950).[1]
In 1724, Nizam-ul-Mulk defeated Mubariz Khan and conquered Hyderabad. His successors ruled the princely state of Hyderabad, as Nizams of Hyderabad. The Nizams established first railways, postal and telegraph networks, and the first modern universities in Telangana.
After Indian independence, the Nizam did not sign the instrument of accession to India. The Indian army invaded and annexed Hyderabad State in 1948. In 2014, Telangana became the 29th state of India, consisting of the thirty-three districts, with Hyderabad as its capital.[2] The city of Hyderabad will continue to serve as the joint capital for Andhra Pradesh and the successor state of Telangana for a period of ten years up to 2024.[3]
Contents
1 Early history
1.1 Satavahana Dynasty
2 Kakatiya dynasty
2.1 Invasion by Delhi Sultanate
3 Bahmani and Deccan Sultanates
4 Mughal conquest and rule
5 Nizams of Hyderabad
5.1 Asaf Jah I
5.2 Successors of Asaf Jah I
5.3 Last Nizam
5.4 Telangana Rebellion
6 Post-Independence
6.1 Indian integration of Hyderabad
6.2 Hyderabad State (1948-1956)
6.3 Andhra Pradesh (1956-2014)
6.4 Telangana State (2014-present)
7 See also
8 References
9 Notes
10 Further reading
Early history
Satavahana Dynasty
Main article: Satavahana dynasty
The Satavahanas rose to a political power, after the fall of the Mauryan Empire. Koti Lingala seems to be one of the 30 cities of Satavahana dynasty.[4] Excavations revealed brick wells, coins belonging to a pre-Satavahana period, namely, Gobhada and Samagopa. It is believed that the place is the site of the hermitage of sage Bhavari.[5] Several coins of Simukha, the founder of the Satavahana dynasty, and those of other early rulers like Kanha and Satakarni I were found.[6]
The Deccan, during this period, was an emporium of inland and maritime trade. The region between the rivers of Godavari and Krishna was full of ports and throbbing with activity[citation needed]. There was plentiful of currency to facilitate trade and the people entered upon a period of great industrial, commercial and maritime activity. Buddhism flourished throughout the period and the rulers were also devoted to Vedic ritualism. They constructed several Buddhist Stupas, Viharas and Chaityas. Satavahanas were able rulers and loved literacy and architecture. The 17th ruler of this dynasty, Hāla was a great poet and his "Gathasaptasati" in Prakrit was well received by all. Gunadhnya, the minister of Hala was the author of "Brihatkadha". According to Matsya Purana, there were 29 rulers of this dynasty. They ruled over for about 456 years, from the 2nd century BC to the 2nd century AD. The empire included most of the southern peninsula and some southern parts of the present Indian states of Maharashtra, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. The court language used by the Satavahanas was Prakrit.
The decline and fall of the Satavahana Empire left the state in a political chaos. Local rulers, as well as invaders, tried to carve out small kingdoms for themselves and to establish many dynasties. Such instability continued to prevail until the rise of the Western Chalukyas.[citation needed]
Kakatiya dynasty
Main article: Kakatiya Dynasty
The Glorious Kakatiya Temples and Gateways
Kakatiya Kala Thoranam amidst the ruins of the Warangal Fort
Thousand Pillar Temple
Ramappa Temple
The Glorious Kakatiya Temples and Gateways were submitted by India to the tentative list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2014.[7]
The 12th and 13th centuries saw the emergence of the Kakatiya dynasty.[8] The Kakatiyas are known for their famous architecture such as Warangal Fort, Ramappa Temple, Thousand Pillar Temple and Kota Gullu.[9][10]
At first they were feudatories of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani, ruling over a small territory near Warangal. A ruler of this dynasty, Prola II (1110-1158), extended his sway to the south and declared his independence. His successor Rudra (1158-1195) pushed the kingdom to the east up to the Godavari delta. He built Warangal Fort to serve as a second