Statistical Significance and p-Values Explained Intuitively

If you’ve ever seen a news story about a scientific study, you’ve probably heard something like “statistically significant results.” More likely than not, what this is referring to is a scientific study that found something like p is less than .05. In this video I’m going to do two things: first, I’m going to explain what it means when someone says that something like “statistically significant result,” then I’ll give you an intuitive explanation of what those p-values are and, finally, if you stick around to the end of this video, I’m going to explain why we use a threshold of .05 and not, say, .04 or .08 or .15 or anything else when determining statistical significance.
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Пікірлер: 290

  • @smitasingh8764
    @smitasingh87643 жыл бұрын

    This is the best explanation I got so far. I have watched so many videos but I didn't really get the intuition of what this p-value is. You made it all pretty easy to understand!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Glad it was helpful!

  • @arunavamaulik19

    @arunavamaulik19

    2 жыл бұрын

    couldn't agree more!

  • @Shanlii
    @Shanlii Жыл бұрын

    This was the best explanation regarding this topic! Dr. Galak explained it so well in a manner that makes sense and sticks; his intuitive explanation allows me to use this logic and apply it any question on the USMLE step 1 exam regarding this concept. Thank you so much!

  • @zohaibakhter3049
    @zohaibakhter30492 жыл бұрын

    The intuition that you provided in the beginning was exactly the piece I was missing to solve this cryptic p value puzzle! Thank you so much, please never stop teaching.

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for the incredibly kind comment!

  • @maliamercer140
    @maliamercer140 Жыл бұрын

    So well explained! Thank you for putting out great, simple content that is very intuitive. After watching other videos yours sunk in the best. Nice production quality too. Cheers!

  • @shivapundir7105
    @shivapundir71052 жыл бұрын

    OMG! This was like the best, most intuitive candid explanation ever. After struggling with so many videos, finally this one made sense. Thank you very much Galak sir.

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Really glad you found this useful!

  • @Mabunt3
    @Mabunt3 Жыл бұрын

    I scoured the internet and my textbook and this is the best explanation I've come across. Thank you!

  • @rockmamabaker8370
    @rockmamabaker837010 ай бұрын

    Wow! I love this video! I've been trying to get my head around this for months. Really clear video. Great information. I feel slightly better about the topic- but statistics is hard and it takes a while to stay in my brain! Thank you!

  • @prabalbhadoria5398
    @prabalbhadoria53983 жыл бұрын

    Amazing !!! Please ,please, keep uploading more such videos. You have no idea how much they help us !!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Thanks! Have a look at the other videos on the channel as there is already quite a bit of similar content.

  • @akash.deblanq
    @akash.deblanq3 жыл бұрын

    This is the only video that made sense to me. Watched like 10 videos about p value and null hypothesis. This one was surprisingly the most intuitive. Thank you so much!!! :)

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    I'm so glad this helped you understand the concept!

  • @AGWalp
    @AGWalp2 жыл бұрын

    Ph.D. candidate (second doctorate): Outstanding, sir! The easiest (best) description that I have ever read or watched. I feel more confident in my comments about p and H0. Thank you for not getting into the "weeds!" That is where most of us get lost, and the jargon only makes it worse.

  • @TheReef70
    @TheReef702 жыл бұрын

    Okay so I understood that the bigger the number the weaker the evidence and truer to the null hypothesis. The pace, clarity and preserving the material to basics is SUPER FREAKING supportive of a growth mindset as an adult learner.

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Happy to help how I can!

  • @martasobralgarcia3996
    @martasobralgarcia39963 жыл бұрын

    This is the best video I ever saw explaining something on statistics! The explanations are great to understand the logic of it.

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    So glad it was helpful!

  • @xxerggher2667
    @xxerggher26673 жыл бұрын

    After watching so many videos on p-values, this is the clearest explanation by far. Liked and subscribed!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    I'm so glad you found it useful! If there are other topics you think could use some intuitive clarification, please let me know!

  • @xxerggher2667

    @xxerggher2667

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@DataDemystified Thanks for the reply. Maybe some people would appreciate a clear explanation of p-hacking.

  • @whyisgamora4191
    @whyisgamora41912 жыл бұрын

    OH MY GOD THANK YOU. I've watched soo many videos. My professor never explained that rejecting Null was something desirable in a study & always used abstract definitions. I finally understand it now. Subbed

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Happy to help!

  • @jeffreysayed8621
    @jeffreysayed86216 ай бұрын

    Thanks for your explanation. You clarified the concept in plain English. I saw in another video how in Statistics significance has nothing to do with big and important. Something can be small or unimportant but still be "statistically significant."

  • @emmanuelessien9527
    @emmanuelessien95278 ай бұрын

    This is the best explanation to statistical significant studies. Even a grade student will understand this. Thanks Dr.

  • @danielalexanderyt3232
    @danielalexanderyt32322 жыл бұрын

    Took me 50 minutes to thoroughly go through this video and take notes for my AP psych test. Speaking of it, HOW IS THIS AP PSYCH

  • @TheKothay1
    @TheKothay13 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for using the legal analogy to explain null hypothesis. Had been so confused so far. Also much thanks for such a simple explanation of the concepts of significance and P value. Looking fwd to some more videos.

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    I’m glad that this video helped clear things up for you!

  • @asma7918
    @asma7918 Жыл бұрын

    Finally I understood p value.. Best explanation ..bless you..

  • @HKC6924
    @HKC69242 жыл бұрын

    God sent.. very good explanation.. after a lot of head scratching, I now finally understood the whole idea behind the p values and rejecting the null hypothesis. Thank you 👍

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Glad I could help!

  • @cleverhype
    @cleverhype11 ай бұрын

    Omg, this is so much easier to understand in the way you explain it. Thank you!

  • @robinvandepoele2117
    @robinvandepoele21172 жыл бұрын

    Hi! Just wanted to thank you for the video and to let you know that it’s so good, it and the video about confidence intervals are part of the obligatory curriculum in med school here in Belgium! Great work and keep it up

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thank you! Really glad it helps!

  • @vupham7361
    @vupham7361 Жыл бұрын

    OH MY GOD! This video really helps me understand the meaning of p-values not just some statistical jargon.

  • @bobby7354
    @bobby73542 жыл бұрын

    This is such a great video & explanation, thank you so much for bringing p-values & any other kind of data into context, it's so helpful!!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Glad it was helpful!

  • @bobbiejoohagan2639
    @bobbiejoohagan26393 жыл бұрын

    AGREE! This was SO helpful. And so clearly and simply communicated. Thank you!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @jaypalmer2463
    @jaypalmer2463 Жыл бұрын

    this was the best explanation I have ever come across - thank you!!!!

  • @aliasgari5152
    @aliasgari51522 жыл бұрын

    After watching 3 videos on p-value got to this one and I'm happy now. Keep doing.

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    So glad that this was helpful!

  • @glowingmemories
    @glowingmemories3 жыл бұрын

    I've watched a few videos on P values/statistical significance and this is the one that made it click. Thanks!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Glad I could help you make the concept click!

  • @wotjake
    @wotjake2 жыл бұрын

    THANK YOU! This made so much more sense than other explanations. You Rock!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Glad you found it helpful!

  • @bens1mo637
    @bens1mo6372 ай бұрын

    Great explanation! Great, easy-to-understand, and clearly enthusiastic about psychology!

  • @huyarz61
    @huyarz612 жыл бұрын

    Your explanation is really helpful! I spent about an hour to watch others videos and try to understand what level of significance means, but most of them merely just mention it in a sentence without explanation. I was a bit frustrated until I watched your video !

  • @yubuwang8823
    @yubuwang88233 жыл бұрын

    This video is amazing!!!!!! I'm a Chinese student, I do a lot of research about this topic, no one explains this as clear as you are! I will pay to see your lecture!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Thank you! No need to pay :). Just tell your friends if they’re also trying to learn!

  • @DHDH_DH

    @DHDH_DH

    3 жыл бұрын

    I am also from China and am currently taking an introductory statistics course in the U.S. No one on KZread gives a better explanation than you on the significance level and P-value.

  • @jeffgalak9402

    @jeffgalak9402

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@DHDH_DH thank you!

  • @filipzizak8676
    @filipzizak86762 жыл бұрын

    Thank you, well explained! Been having a tough time understanding this

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Happy to help!

  • @reuvenmeirherrera9580
    @reuvenmeirherrera95808 ай бұрын

    wow. very good at simplifying and explaining this VERY back and forth/ hard to grasp ideas ty

  • @unnatigupta940
    @unnatigupta9402 жыл бұрын

    OMG Thank you so much i was having hard time understanding the concept of P-value, but you made it very simple, even the people from non data scientist field can understand it.

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Very happy to help!

  • @mrazafarooq
    @mrazafarooq Жыл бұрын

    That is the best explanation so far for statically significant. Please introduce a course for statistics used in science to arrange the data and understand what statistical measures can be taken for the data?

  • @exploring197
    @exploring197Ай бұрын

    I would love to see the continuation video on "How to calculate P-value?". Thanks for your efforts. Keep teaching.

  • @robertue1
    @robertue12 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for sharing this video, you made it really easy to understand and digest. Keep up the good work.

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Glad it was helpful!

  • @ankitakamath3120
    @ankitakamath3120 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you, your explanation was very effective. I finally understood the essence of p-value from your example. Subscribed! :)

  • @jbiswajit
    @jbiswajit3 жыл бұрын

    Thanks Professor. This was super easy to understand. Please keep posting videos.

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Glad you found it useful!

  • @rootenshi
    @rootenshi3 жыл бұрын

    After hours of looking around and searching this topic including in my university book, KZread videos, and scientific websites.. I finally understood the Statistical Significance from your explanation! So intuitive and clear. Thank a lot :) Also... Definitely subscribing to this great channel :D

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    I'm so glad you found this useful! If there are other topics in statistics that you find challenging to internalize, let me know. I'm always looking to make content that will actually help people!

  • @rootenshi

    @rootenshi

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@DataDemystified I really appreciate it. You will definitely be the first place I go to for demystifying data :)

  • @SethWieder
    @SethWieder2 жыл бұрын

    This was super helpful in my early understanding of theoretical statistics and what the null hypothesis means. Thank you!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Happy to help

  • @festnotfirst
    @festnotfirst Жыл бұрын

    This is a very easy to understand explanation, thank you.

  • @minhhiennguyen6798
    @minhhiennguyen6798 Жыл бұрын

    really well explain video ! Hope to see more content from you

  • @al__karita
    @al__karita3 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for sharing your knowledge. Keep up the good work.

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @triptajaswal8276
    @triptajaswal82762 жыл бұрын

    Thankyou 😭 it is bestest video for understanding p value ... God bless you

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Glad it was helpful!

  • @thekalyangk
    @thekalyangk2 жыл бұрын

    What an AMAZING explanation !! Super clear. Thank you !!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Very glad you found it useful!

  • @nutrimum2904
    @nutrimum29042 жыл бұрын

    THANK YOU!!!! What a confusion you've dissolved. Wonderfully explained! Thank you :D

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Happy to help!

  • @venkateshgopalarathnam1933
    @venkateshgopalarathnam19332 жыл бұрын

    Brilliant explanation of intuition behind p-value!

  • @jsklair
    @jsklair3 жыл бұрын

    Great video as always. Can you do similar primer videos on those alternative methods you mentioned ("Confidence intervals", "Bayesian estimates", and "Effect sizes")?

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Absolutely. I already have one on Confidence Intervals (see here: kzread.info/dash/bejne/h4h81NhwiaTgmLA.html). I also have one that intuitively explains how to think about Bayes' theorem without really calling it that (see here: kzread.info/dash/bejne/a6GD05udXci-qKw.html). I have one about Effect Sizes in the queue!

  • @jamessujitmalo3910
    @jamessujitmalo3910 Жыл бұрын

    Great job. Thank you. Got a lot of valuable insights from the video.

  • @joannameringoff6870
    @joannameringoff68703 жыл бұрын

    Loving this - a little slower talking would be wonderful but can always go back a few seconds and re-listen.

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Thank you! Yes, I'm working on finding just the right speaking speed. Feedback taken!

  • @AshishKumar-xw3xk
    @AshishKumar-xw3xk11 күн бұрын

    huge help man ! thanks a ton , god bless you for making this video.

  • @me951129
    @me9511295 ай бұрын

    Unfortunately giving more than one thumbs up isn‘t possible. This was brilliant!!

  • @arunavamaulik19
    @arunavamaulik192 жыл бұрын

    I find your videos extremely intuitive and would love to see you make a whole series on probability and statistics. There are quite a few on the internet but not many are intuitive.

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thank you! Are there any specific topics in probability and statistics you find confusing? It's always nice to know where to focus my efforts.

  • @arunavamaulik19

    @arunavamaulik19

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@DataDemystified I would love to see a series on Bayesian inference! To be honest it could be any topic but a complete mini series would be helpful. Eg: I loved your video 'what's a distribution?', you could follow that up with a few more videos on similar topics. In any case, I hope you continue making these videos! pure gold

  • @jeffgalak9402

    @jeffgalak9402

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@arunavamaulik19 Thank you for the suggestions!

  • @user-ez2zd4ug9m
    @user-ez2zd4ug9m9 ай бұрын

    Thank you very much for your explanation! I finally understood!! Great Job

  • @douglassilver3606
    @douglassilver36065 ай бұрын

    This is great information, thank you!

  • @JaneChirwa-db8ij
    @JaneChirwa-db8ij Жыл бұрын

    terrific explanation. Thank you.

  • @emmanueldarkwa8311
    @emmanueldarkwa83112 жыл бұрын

    Excellent teachings. Please I need videos on sample size calculations and z score calculation

  • @wannabeevangelist8481
    @wannabeevangelist84812 жыл бұрын

    I have taken moment to like the video and subscribe to your channel, thank you berry berry much, it feels good to finally understand

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thank you and happy to help!

  • @apoorvadk9635
    @apoorvadk96352 жыл бұрын

    Thank you! Kudos for such a simplistic way of presentation!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @yvetteelizalde7396
    @yvetteelizalde73962 жыл бұрын

    Great work! Going to share with all my CFA study friends!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Glad you found it useful! Just out of curiosity, is CFA: certified financial analyst? I ask because at CMU we have the College of Fine Arts (CFA) which is very different!

  • @SuhasMathavuVasanthsenaGowda
    @SuhasMathavuVasanthsenaGowda2 жыл бұрын

    Amazingly explained!!!👌

  • @timhowell6929
    @timhowell6929 Жыл бұрын

    Very nice explanation, thank you!

  • @miriambendayan6530
    @miriambendayan6530 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you !!! Very well explained

  • @yellowsniper1995
    @yellowsniper19958 ай бұрын

    Amazing video! Just subscribed! 👍🏽

  • @hasiburbijoy007
    @hasiburbijoy0073 жыл бұрын

    Finally, You give me a strong evidence to understand Statistically Significant! Thanks and Keep it up!!❤❤❤

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Glad you found it useful!

  • @hasiburbijoy007

    @hasiburbijoy007

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@DataDemystified hope we'll learn more and more useful thing like this!!!❤

  • @philad2079
    @philad20792 жыл бұрын

    Great video. It makes a lot of sense.

  • @aleksmusic94
    @aleksmusic943 жыл бұрын

    That was very helpful and clearly put. Thank you so much!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    I’m really glad you found the video informative!

  • @franciscogalan8017
    @franciscogalan80172 жыл бұрын

    Thanks so much. Very useful video!

  • @tonynikolaos3527
    @tonynikolaos3527 Жыл бұрын

    Clear explanation, Indeed! Thank you! An area where I feel a “black box magic” happening, that would hope you can explain clearly is: in random permutation tests, data is shuffled randomly from both groups, some (less then factorial for practical purposes, yet sufficient ) number of times, and the subtracted means result makes a normal disturb plot. Now, we know: garbage in-garbage out. The randomization and permutations is possible “garbage”, over exposed and shafted with the original data from the 2 groups. Now, what I feel is magic, I’m supposed to believe, and come to conclusion for validation or rejection of the Ho, based on that original data, from Groups 1 and 2, when mixed with “garbage” to actually retain some of its qualities(or dilute them if it doesn’t) , through the random shuffled permutations, and if it has retained sufficiently( or diluted sufficiently) show me a P value that will disclose strong or weak tendency toward rejecting or accepting the Ho. So , basically, we use the random permutations, as if, analogizing, as if we could use some substance, and say it has those features, and then we mix it with “all kinds of “garbage tests” and eventually are able to say: see, it kept its features, through all those substantive permutations, must be strong, or, you see, it got diluted so much that lost those features, must be not enough strong, what you saw as feature was random feature case, so we keep the Ho. Something like that? Thanks a million- if you can touch upon this theme!

  • @tanushreebhuimali2289
    @tanushreebhuimali2289 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you making me understand the concept!

  • @Sluo1947
    @Sluo19473 жыл бұрын

    Awesome explaination. I never understood why want to find evidence against H0, now it's clear.

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Thanks! I'm so glad this helped you understand the concept better!

  • @user-zs8xv1sh6t
    @user-zs8xv1sh6t Жыл бұрын

    Thank you for this great example!

  • @jamirie61046
    @jamirie610462 жыл бұрын

    Great information! Just subscribed.

  • @xDAZZE
    @xDAZZE3 жыл бұрын

    You are so amazing. This made it super clear. Thank you!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Thank you! Do let me know if there are other topics I can help with!

  • @srinivasbringu67
    @srinivasbringu672 жыл бұрын

    Beautifully Said!

  • @towobolafunmilayo3224
    @towobolafunmilayo3224 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you, you real made it better to understand

  • @edangenetfeleke1053
    @edangenetfeleke10532 жыл бұрын

    Really amazing with good and simple example keep it up!!!!!!!!!!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Glad you found the video helpful!

  • @stephenaloia6695
    @stephenaloia66953 жыл бұрын

    Very straightforward - thank you!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Glad you found the video useful!

  • @AlvinCheong
    @AlvinCheong3 жыл бұрын

    These videos are super helpful for me! I'm a mechanical engineer at a large tech company in the Bay Area and this helps me understand my data. Can you discuss Cpk vs. Ppk and all the topics surrounding such?

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Thanks. Glad you're finding them useful! Cpk vs Ppl is a pretty technical topic. What in particular would you like to understand about it?

  • @kateharrow8720
    @kateharrow87202 жыл бұрын

    This is so well explained!!! Thank you!

  • @richardandoh7986

    @richardandoh7986

    Жыл бұрын

    This is well enunciated.

  • @debla123
    @debla123 Жыл бұрын

    Really liked the way you explained

  • @marcbeattie4484
    @marcbeattie44842 жыл бұрын

    Such a great definition. Thank you!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Glad you found this useful!

  • @emilyrosenzweig9946
    @emilyrosenzweig99463 жыл бұрын

    Love the ball and jury analogies!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    3 жыл бұрын

    Thanks!

  • @zinnijha7556
    @zinnijha75562 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for simplifying for us. I wondered why .05 ...:)

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    You're welcome!

  • @raedokal
    @raedokal Жыл бұрын

    I love your channel man

  • @shantimodel1
    @shantimodel17 ай бұрын

    Excellent explanation

  • @user-ws5sl5jg8t
    @user-ws5sl5jg8t Жыл бұрын

    Thanks, that's definitely a great video!

  • @Dejfruit
    @Dejfruit2 жыл бұрын

    This was very helpful! I saw some other article that said that if the p value is less than OR equal to 0.05 (alpha), then the hypothesis test proved that the null hypothesis is wrong. Should it be just less than (p < 0.05 instead of p

  • @v9318
    @v93182 жыл бұрын

    Thank you, I was so stuck on this!

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Glad I could help!

  • @iamafollowerofChrist
    @iamafollowerofChrist Жыл бұрын

    YOU SAVED ME! thank uuuuu!!

  • @Data4DecisionMaking
    @Data4DecisionMaking6 ай бұрын

    Thanks for the great video!

  • @dr.strangelove8846
    @dr.strangelove8846 Жыл бұрын

    Well done ! And thank you

  • @ayanamcgrew7736
    @ayanamcgrew77362 ай бұрын

    such a good video, thank you for you help!!!

  • @priyalaxmi6196
    @priyalaxmi61962 жыл бұрын

    Best ever explanation 🤝🏻

  • @aragzan9
    @aragzan92 жыл бұрын

    Simply amazing explanation

  • @DataDemystified

    @DataDemystified

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @kossonouprunelle7576
    @kossonouprunelle75762 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for the presentation. my dependent variable consists of 4 likert-scale questions for 1 item( customer satisfaction), and a nominal variable (bussiness education). I made a composite variable with my dependent variable (mean of the 4 questions). To check the significance, i have used chi-sqiare, but the p-value is much much more greater than 0.05, and also for all my independent nominal variables. Can you please suggest me an approptiate measure of significance with the type of variable i have. Thank you.

  • @Do_Worrk
    @Do_WorrkАй бұрын

    This is an amazing explaination. Subbed! Can you go into Confidnece Intervals, Bayesian Estimates, and Effect Sizes?

  • @platinum11110

    @platinum11110

    Ай бұрын

    I discovered the channel today, went to see what other videos there were but saw that it's been a year since his last video 😪

  • @gabyr4641
    @gabyr46412 жыл бұрын

    This video was great!