Smith Chart Basics + VNA Paperclip Test
Ғылым және технология
The basics of how to use a Smith Chart and the RF performance of a paperclip
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00:00 Getting Started
00:27 How to Plot Complex Impedances on a Smith Chart
01:30 Open and short circuits on the Smith Chart
01:40 Normalized impedances and impedance matching on the Smith Chart
02:25 Smith Charts over changing frequencies
02:47 Testing a paperclip's RF performance with a Smith Chart and VNA
04:30 Testing Mega Clippy's RF antenna performance with a Smith Chart and VNA
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Today we’re going explore Smith Chart basics, and then use that information to learn about the RF performance of a paperclip. Would this make a good antenna, at what frequencies does it resonate?
A Smith chart makes this really easy to see.
Smith Charts look scary at first, but they’re not once you know what’s going on. Let’s start with a complex impedance, say .5 + j1.1.
If you plot out this impedance on the complex plane, our X-Axis is our real component, or resistance, and the Y-Axis is our imaginary component, or inductance and capacitance. Inductors are positive, capacitors are negative. And you can plot it! We see where our real component .5 and our imaginary component, 1.1, meet, and we plot it. Simple Algebra 1 stuff.
A smith chart is basically this graph, but you curl it in on itself into a circle.
This might seem weird, because all of these axis go to infinity. It would be hard to plot infinity resistance on this, but with the Smith Chart we can. And, an open circuit is infinite resistance, infinity is not some weird edge case for electronics - open circuits are everywhere!
So to plot the same .5 + j1.1 on the Smith Chart, we do the same thing we did before, we find .5 on the real axis, and +1.1 on the imaginary axis and draw a spot where they meet. It’s Algebra 1 but it’ll impress and confuse all the business majors.
We have an open circuit - infinite impedance on the far right, and a short circuit or 0 impedance on the far left. And literally everything in between.
The Smith chart now gets more complicated for two reasons. Reason number one is that all this is normalized information.
For example, RF folks like 50 ohm systems, so if we had an impedance of 75 + j40, we’d end up with a normalized impedance of 1.5 + j.8 and we can plot it.
In an ideal world, our generator and load are impedance matched, so we end up with 1 + j0 right in the middle. We get the best transmission, the transmission coefficient is 1, the reflection coefficient is 0, and our VSWR is 1. The Smith Chart tells us that! We can also use this information to design impedance matching networks to move a point from non-ideal to ideal. This is easier with a combined smith chart that has both impedance and admittance, but we’re not going there today.
The second reason this gets complicated is that impedance is dependent on frequency. And everything is a combination of resistance, inductance, and capacitance. So, naturally, as our frequency changes so does our impedance.
So at one frequency we have one nice point, but in RF engineering we care about a range of frequencies so we often end up with some sort of curve as our frequencies change. This is really nice, though, because we get a picture of our system as frequencies change.
#SmithChart #SmithChartBasics #SmithChartTutorial #RFEngineering #AntennaMeasurement #SmithChartAntenna #SmithChartVNA #SmithChartNetworkAnalyzer #VNA #PaperclipVNA #PaperclipAntenna #NetworkAnalyzer #RFEngineeringTutorial
Пікірлер: 101
Mega Clippy is life. Sign up for Keysight University live here: www.keysight.com/find/kulive1
@mr-meek
3 жыл бұрын
I legit LMAOed. I love mega clippy
I've watched some popular KZreadrs trying to explain Smith charts. You seem to have done a much better clearer job than any of them have. Congratulations keysight I'm starting to love this channel even more.
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you! There are some great deeper-dive vids out there, so the hope is that this is a good intro-to-Smith Charts type vid.
OMG, I forgot the Smith Chart after I passed the test, and all sudden everything come back just by one video. Thank you very much. Awesome paperclip in the end.
w2aew (a Tektronix guy) has the best KZread videos on Smith charts
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
His channel is great!
Love the enthusiasm, and overall positivity, not something I usually got from anyone touching the topic of smith charts
@KeysightLabs
2 жыл бұрын
Thanks!
Amazing video, love the editing and explanation. It keeps you interested all the way. Thanks.
Joel is the man!
This was a great intro to Smith charts. Electromagnetics I at the university was nowhere near as clear as your explanation. Thank you for that!
Best explanation I have seen so far. I will be watching this again and making notes on a paper smith chart. Nice work!
@KeysightLabs
2 жыл бұрын
Thanks! Glad it was helpful
Awesome. Fun,accurate, and relevant!
One of my favorite high-level smith chart videos I've seen - great job Daniel :-)
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Wow, thank you Karen!
Would have liked to have seen the paperclips performance before being unbent :D
Great summary.
Very cool! Such an interesting topic.
Hilarious and educational. I love the blend of humor and smarts. Encore!
I just learnt Smith chart in school this afternoon :o
@ulwur
3 жыл бұрын
That's nice, but did you learn about the Agent Smith chart?
@ZTK-RC
3 жыл бұрын
I just learned that The Smiths had two UK Official Album Chart toppers.
Amazing! 😃 Who had an idea to use a paperclip? They are everywhere, lots of use.... But this is incredible! I haven't words 🤙 Thanks for video.
Man! You should be a professor.
You made it easy to understand and explain for others
@KeysightLabs
Жыл бұрын
Thanks!
Always here to hear something new.
"Agent Smith Chart" OK, I get it.... excellent.... most excellent
Great !< I would like to see more..
Cool. I'm a business major and I had no idea Smith Charts existed. Last year I used a paper clip as a wifi antenna for an ESP32. This year I'm trying to bend some wire to get better reception for my TV but I don't know what shape I should use.
This is the most fun tutorial in Smith Charts that I've ever watched. I see you at electroboom's channel a lot. Now, I have found yet another fun channel.
@KeysightLabs
2 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
SimSmith for those that want to play with Smith charts interactively and do much, much more.
BTW - nice "lorentz attractor" lissajous pattern on that old 465 scope on your shirt! Cool - I might need to get one of those!
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you! It's a pretty neat shirt: www.redbubble.com/i/t-shirt/Vintage-Oscilloscope-Lorenz-Attractor-by-ZacksLab/40113957.QUQES I saw it on another KZreadr's Channel (Zacks Lab) kzread.info/dron/kS7FQU5UXLYs5hGf5h_s4w.html
@w2aew
3 жыл бұрын
@@KeysightLabs Thanks - I'll send the link to my wife for her "shopping list" for me...
I need that t-shirt.
Your April 1st video ruined my brain. I’m minding my own business watching you give a beautiful explanation of a Smith RF chart, and dance with a paper clip, when the terms “capacitive directance” and “dingle-arm” pop into my head.
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Glad I could be of service!
@DanielGBenesScienceShows
3 жыл бұрын
Lol!
Joel Dunsmore at the end of the video. 👍
@user-sl5tt2fh3p
2 жыл бұрын
The reason I read the comments. Terrific, thanks! www.wiley.com/en-us/Handbook+of+Microwave+Component+Measurements%3A+with+Advanced+VNA+Techniques%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9781119477129
Thank you for this very entertaining presentation. The network design software you show at 2:14 is part of your VNA companion software?
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
It's part of our RF simulation program, EEsof EDA. Lots of great tutorials on that channel: kzread.info
I want to see Mega Clippy vs Godzilla!
Fun video! Anyone who's ever used a paper clip as a "uhf" TV antenna is laughing right now....
I would actually love to learn what one can do with the frequency curve of the complex impedance. Is it possible to design matching network which performs better over a range of frequencies or one is matching just one frequency and hopes for best. So how to use the freq. dependent complex impedance curve?
pretty interesting video looks like that thing reads pretty fast 💨
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
It is quite fast! There's a trade off between resolution and speed.
I like the psytrance soldering song, any id of the song?
Nice! Here's an idea for Keysight Labs. Merge the VNA, SA & oscilloscope into one badass device. Not that I will buy one, but I may win one when the next giveaway happens. 😱😱
This is _very_ cool stuff, do not underestimate Agent Smith... BTW: Is the Smith chart considered a MATRIX?
Is the interview with Joel Dunsmore available anywhere? I was registered for Keysight University, though time zones made it difficult to log in live.
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Yep! Sign up here: bit.ly/KULive2
@fourierv2
3 жыл бұрын
Most appreciated! For some reason I had to re-register for the video to load. Thank you.
where can i get that shirt?
I really like your ruler dude XD
Where can I get a t-shirt like yours on this video? 😎
Such a good explanation, but I'm a hobby palm-size robot designer and vintage computer (Altair 8800) kit builder ... still, I sent the link to his video to a couple of friends ... one is a ham.
I can't find the VNA book author interview you mentioned at the end. HALP!
What's the song used at 3:00? I LOL'ed hard.
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
haha, some random electronic stock music I found
Smoth charts are super useful. It is a shame that VNAs and other RF equipment is relatively expensive and out of the reach of most hobbyists. Exception being nanoVNA.
Mega clippy is great
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Mega Clippy! 😍
Worth it to hear RF Gandalf say 'one ring to rule them all'
😲 Wow
Absolute First! Great Video!
Man I hope I win the next giveaway, I could really use a scope or even better a logic analyzer capable of 1ghz for a current project using an FPGA with DDR2. I'm currently trying to build an FPGA logic analyzer for my other project, but I'm stuck on the ethernet portion.
I came for RF black magic, but I stayed for making fun of business majors
I want a shirt with that Agent Smith Chart on it
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
me tooo!
The Smith Chart is great when your business major buddies get high and mighty about candlestick charts so you gotta put em back in their place.
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Stonks
I wish i had a better range than what my nanovna has
I dont understand anything here, had subscribed to get a multimeter from that stream
well, I guess most of us with an oscilloscope are in the kiddie club then...
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Haha, I def died inside a bit when he dropped that :)
Hope your bosses didn't notice that shirt ;-)
The ONLY thing i understood in that video was paperclip... And just to be clear, i only understood paperclip before you soldered it to the thingy.
Hahahah agent Smith charts. Where is the best place (humble definition: cheapest) place in Canada to browse your gear. I want a scope with a logic analyzer or even just the cheapest la as I have enough scopes already and live in a place where it's impossible to sell an old one. Siglent did me dirty when I tried to buy one. Long story but it's for volunteer work I do. I plan to give the 1000 dollar siglent away to a student or school. It's modern and I have an older brand that's more of a memento.
why dont you tell us winners
clearly the vna is literally the cost of an associates degree
Oh no! Clippy is haunting me again
@funtechu
3 жыл бұрын
It looks like you are trying to escape me? Would you like help? ______ _____ | YES | | NO |
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
| YES |
Megaclippy isn't a thing, he can't hurt you …
:)
You were supposed to leave the paperclip in original form, not pull it out like a wire!
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
I'll have to give it a try!
I wish i could just snap my fingers and shit would get done.....
interesting channel but sorry i do not understand why you don't taking your time to explain ? Let me remember you that people all over the world who look at your channel have differents mother tongue than english so please would you take your time to explain ... and please avoid this background music cause in my point of view this is annoying ! thanks
NEVER EVER cut a paper clip or any non copper wire (especially steel) with electronics type wire cutters like that. You just trashed someone's wire cutters. Even if you bought that set just for the video, you're setting a horrible example. No coffee for you for a week.
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Yeah these are junk clippers, I have nice ones for nice things and not so nice ones for not so nice things. Good PSA though! Nothing worse than sad clippers.
@larayronica2456
3 жыл бұрын
@@KeysightLabs Ok, good to hear. I was reluctant to impede but I couldn't resist reacting. Your positive feedback resonates well with me.
@The2Coolest2
3 жыл бұрын
Why?
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
It dulls them. Copper is pretty malleable, steel is not.
@larayronica2456
3 жыл бұрын
And dulling is the "good" outcome. I have a small collection of cutters and strippers with notches from coworkers "borrowing" them to cut whatever. The notches have to be ground out to allow the remaining blade to be useful. I now have three perfectly good 1117 and 1118 strippers where the cutting blade is trashed. Tools for 26, 28, or even 30 gauge wires depend on good alignment, which a paperclip or steel wire will ruin. I should have included this about this in my workbench video.