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TABLE 6
Recommended Slumps for Various Types of Constructiona
Concrete Construction
Slump in mm (inches)
Maximum Minimum
Reinforced foundation and footings 75 mm (3 in.) 25 mm (1 in.)
Plain footings, caissons, and substructure walls 75 mm (3 in.) 25 mm (1 in.)
Beams and reinforced walls 100 mm (4 in.) 25 mm (1 in.)
Building columns 75 mm (3 in.) 25 mm (1 in.)
Pavements and slabs 75 mm (3 in.) 25 mm (1 in.)
Mass concrete 50 mm (2 in.) 25 mm (1 in.)
a In designing for slump, try to aim for the middle of the range.
Adapted from the ACI 211 Report, “Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal,
Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete.”
Slumps are a measure of the consistency of concrete, indicating its workability and the amount of water it contains. Different types of construction projects require different slumps to achieve optimal performance. Here's a general guideline:
Low-Slump Concrete:
Applications: Used in applications where high strength and low permeability are required, such as in precast concrete elements, paving blocks, and structural elements.
Slump Range: Typically around 1 to 2 inches (25 to 50 mm).
Medium-Slump Concrete:
Applications: Suitable for general construction purposes where good workability and strength are needed but with a higher degree of flexibility during placement, such as in residential construction, small-scale commercial buildings, and pavements.
Slump Range: Ranges from 2 to 4 inches (50 to 100 mm).
High-Slump Concrete:
Applications: Ideal for applications where ease of placement and consolidation are critical, such as in heavily reinforced structures, deep foundation elements, and congested areas.
Slump Range: Typically between 4 to 6 inches (100 to 150 mm).
Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC):
Applications: Used in situations where there are intricate forms or congested reinforcement, allowing for the concrete to flow into place under its own weight without segregation or the need for mechanical consolidation.
Slump Range: Generally exceeds 8 inches (200 mm).
Remember, these are general guidelines, and specific project requirements may dictate variations in slump. It's crucial to work closely with engineers, contractors, and concrete suppliers to determine the appropriate slump for your particular construction project. Additionally, factors such as ambient temperature, mix design, and admixtures can also influence the desired slump.
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