Dave, I just wanted to thank you for all the work & time you put into your videos we've all learned so much.

Outstanding video Mr Canterbury. I have to be honest, I'm one of those guys that shoots only shot-barreled shotguns (either 18 inch or 12.5 inch which are both legal here in Canada in pump shotguns) in either cylinder choke or "improved" cylinder choke, and they are ALL very effective at killing game for meat or shooting clays. There is very little felt difference between my guns and the multi-thousand dollar full choke varieties other than the noise and flash. It gets the job done, period.

Great lesson. Switching up chokes on the fly is one of the main reasons I love my mossy 500 with an old school c-lect choke. Just wish I didn't need a separate barrel for slugs but love the versatility in shot patterns. As always love the video and can't wait to see who else you have coming for us to learn. Have a blast with the gathering.

Absolutely the best video on the subject! Simple, direct, quick and informative, Dave, you did it again! Thank you from a fellow Pathfinder!

Great video! Thanks Dave for all you do and all you have contributed!

Just when I thought I already knew this topic, you pull something out of the hat! From one teacher to another, great job as Usual brother Dave.

thank you very much for everything u do all of your videos are awesome and like all of your videos i learn a lot from keep it up brother

Thank you Sir, for clarifying this subject.

Very good video Dave. You have the heart of a teacher.

Hey thanks for the video, in Norway we learn that max distance to what you are going to shoot is 30 meters (33 yards) no mater what the choke is. I do have a cylinder bore on 1 of my hunting shotguns and It's all about the type of ammo you are using that determins the pattern. Even if it got the same type og pellets it's shooting all different... Keep up the good work mr. C .....

Thanks Dave. Awesome knowledge.

Another excellent job Dave.

I really liked this video. I like all of your videos. Keep up the good work!

Very clear explanation...well done

Been waiting to get this one lesson for like 20 years, so thanks!

Thanks for this video Dave. Been super curious about shotgun chokes. Something I was never taught as a kid growing up which is mind blowing to me because seems like this should have been taught to me the first time we went out shooting! Thanks again, here from the Hoosier state.

Well, that pretty much answers all my questions about chokes. I guess it's a good thing that slugs are made out of a soft metal like lead! Good stuff Dave

Thanks brother David, been having trouble finding which type choke the Winchester Defender 1300 has. After your explanation, I believe it's a cylinder choke. Doesn't much matter. It's only kept for home defense and it shoots both 00 buck and rifled slugs just fine. It's now loaded with Winchester PDX1. 3 pellets of Grex buffered (tighter pattern) 00 plated buckshot nested on top a 1 oz. rifled slug. The combination compensates for any aiming error. Course at 15 or 20 ft. who's gonna miss ? lol

Good explanation. Im new to guns and anything on the topic is appreciate. keep it up!

thank you for teaching us Mr.Canterbury

great video. Just to clarify though, I should use a (modified choke / cylinder choke) to fire slugs out of my 12 gauge shotgun?

I appreciate your "Hillbilly" explanations for things. I've read too many technical articles on these subjects and it is refreshing to hear the information put into "common man" language. Kudos on your vids. Keep up the good work!

I have a remington 870 what choke tube do I use for skeetshooting and duck hunting?

this is the first explanation of chokes that i, or any one can understand. you make it so simple to understand. i have had a lot of people try to explain this to me, but all i get is a lot of seamingly unrelated facts that dont add up. i thank you for the simple truth. peace

Awesome video has always David appreciate you! Just curious you said the 410 is really a 41 caliber because nowadays we shoot 410 and 45 long colts out the same gun I guess the 41 the 410 and the 45 Long Colt are all the same diameter basically

Sir. I am "new" to chokes, so please excuse my ignorance on this question. The H&R 12ga Single Shot Shotgun that you suggest as a best all-around weapon, and for down-caliber conversions, at the end of its tube, does it have screw-threads inside, on which these modified chokes screw on-to, or who does that problem get solved? I enjoyed this video very much, very informative. Thank you Sir, for your hard work. Oscar

Interesting video Dave. Thanks

great job Dave!!!!!!!

great job Dave!!!!

Thanks for this video! I do have a question. I went out turkey hunting this year for the first time this year. Before I went out I took my H&R Modified choke pardner our to the property and tried a bunch of different turkey loads. The 3" winchester and remington loads i tried did not pattern very well past 20 yards. I tried some of the federal and hornady specialty loads with the 'fancy-tight' type wads. These shells patterned much better out to 30-35 yards. What do you use for turkey?

Thank you for the explanation. I have a 20ga. with an adjustable choke, after hearing this I'll leave it on modified. Good video Dave.

Great Video Dave, Are you going to be showing a video on how to make black powder. I know how to make it using a coffee grinder, and have a recipe for it. I got it off of you tube a while back, and I just thought you may have some good tipps because you usually do. Also, is there an easy way to make your own primers ?

You sir, are an outdoor encyclopedia !

Nice video Dave, a good simple explanation.

I don't know if dave said this but I got a fixed full choke 20 gauge can I shoot slugs and buck shot from my gun..

Thanks Dave, great video!

Good stuff, Thought I knew something about this but you taught me something new, Thank You :)

Great stuff, very good info. I learned a lot thanks a lot.

Dave need a part 2 -- Slugs -- Rifled vs/ non-rifled and rifled vs. smooth bores barrels and how chokes may or may not affect.... Thanks..

How come certain chokes won't fit in my Mossberg? Also, my friend says he has a slug choke. I told him he is stupid and that that's not real. And he also said that you can shoot a slug through a barrel that has threading in it for a choke. What are your thoughts on that?

Lol. At :16 seconds I heard the fly and started looking around my area for it. Then I realized it was on the video. Great vid Dave.

if using the 209 adapter and black powder what caliber ball would be best for a 12 gauge shotgun? thanks

thank you for making this video.

great video thanks

Dave great vid, Growing up and raised in Southwest Va. I was born with a shotgun in hand so to speak..lol. I was taught that you can put a dime in the barrel. Of a smooth barrel that doesn't show what kind of choke is on the gun or its old and the stamp is gone away. While the dime is in the barrel. You can run your finger up the end and measure it. Depending on the depend of your finger in the barrel will tell you if its a full, mod, smooth bore. Have you ever heard of that little trick?

thanks Dave, I had been wondering what the "choke" was and now I know

Great Video. Thanks!

Good explanation

Thank you, Dave! Very informative.

great video

great info. thx brother

great info

Yes. Season One and Two.

There is a special choke that is rifled to impart a small amount of spin, Briley makes and sells one.

good stuff

Wow, you make this so easy to understand *thumbs up*

ok so if I have a full choke and can't see any seams in it can you take the end out or just have to cut it off the gun is a 12 gauge full choke western field models SB-100B Montgomery ward and co. I will probably have to just have it sized and mold with that?

Good job Dave.

Is there any type of ammo that you CANT fire through a Mod Choke? Can you fire more types of ammo through (NO) choke?

Ok love the videos but need an answer! From illinois and wanted to know where can I actually practice bushcraft/ primitive skills without getting in trouble? Is it easier just to buy some land?

hey Dave just a quick question....i have an ithica side by side with improved and modified barrels .....were does improved fall on the scale? the gun is a 200 grade handed down to me by my grandfather....would really apriciate the feedback as my grandfather is no longer around to answer my questions :) Thanks so much for the free vids...really hoping to save enough money to take one of your courses ...thanks from kansas =)

Wow all of my questions answered! Thanks bro

Great point on the modified all day dave...for deer & bird hunting...one side note if you have the right barrel(s) for what you're hunting chokes don't matter one bit. That's why I always suggest the 870 express 2 barrel combo for multi-use hunting. Chokes are lame!

ive not seen a punkin ball in like 20 years. but great video as usual

I always wondered about that back pressure and shotgun chokes. One would think that the force from the blast would blow out the choke (screw on types), or rupture the barrel? But it seems that it doesn't. Strange.

very great vid!

can you shoot standard slugs through a modified choke ?

Good Job

very informative, thanks for posting!

I love my single shot 12 Tristar SB. It packs into a backpack. It does have a full choke, Rather have a IP, Mod. I thinking of getting your .209 Adaptor. Any Idea of when that will be avail?

I have a different question. Folks are told to pattern shotguns into a 30" circle at 40 yards, to see whether the percentage of the shot load to land inside the circle matches published percentages for the choke they have. But lets take the 30" circle out of the equation, and reduce the range to across-the-room home defense distances. I know shot spread will be fairly minimal at such short range, regardless of the choke, but how large a circle WOULD you see with the chokes you have discussed?

A slug choke is what I've heard old guys sometimes call a modified choke. Enough choke to make a decent shot pattern but not enough to make slugs inaccurate as a full choke does in a lot of (not all) shotguns. It's not really a technical term, but that's where I've heard it used.

have you ever thought of setting up a school in the uk?

That beards really settling in Dave, looking good Bro! Thanks for your vids. I've been watching the Pathfinder channel for a years now, it was your 'Common man' series that really got me back into the bush. If you ever make it to Australia check out The Survivalist Group of Australia ( sg-aus.com ). We've got our own brand of bushcraft going on down under that may interest you. Keep 'em coming.

Quick Question- I have a 12g New England Slug Slinger w/ rifled Barrel, I am guessing it has no choke- but you other vid on the 209 Primer Adapter you kept saying Modified, modified , modified! What are your thoughts on the conversion technic for rifled 12g shotguns?

when you look at a shotgun, how can you tell what kind of choke it has?

Good lesson..thank,s

I have a cylinder bore on my 18.5 inch barrel and a modified choke of my 28 inch barrel. would it be foolish to try to shoot skeet/hunt with my 18.5 inch barrel?

so what if you have no idea what kind of choke you have , how do you tell

Improved is good for about 30 yards. It is right in between cylinder and modified. Which is not much. You won't see much difference in cylinder vs improved. Hope I answered your question.

Keep the Gun Vids Coming.,....So many People are just Getting Into FireArms....Thanks Dave..

Do chokes affect slugs in any way?

Dave, if you've never read "The Shotgun Book" by Jack O'Connor, I recommend you pick it up. It's outdated for sure, but it's a good book. Philip Sharpe's "Complete Guide to Handloading" is also a good read (outdated as well and not sure he says much about shotguns). Have both at my public library.

Dave, I read a western story by Elmore Leonard where the main character made his own shotgun shells. He had a trick of pouring melted beef tallow over the shot, which hardened around them. The idea was the tallow held the shot together for some distance after leaving the barrel, increasing the range. This was a western set in the 1800's, so presumably the shotgun had no choke. Anyway, do you suppose that would actually work, or did Elomore just make it up to make the story more interesting?

how about getting together with your friends at gun adapters and making a 12 gauge hand loader like lee loader use to make. you can still find them on ebay but they are getting pricey.

very informative vid thanks

VAST is the knowledge of this channel.Wow.

great video i think you should do a video on self repelling just in case you have to repel yourself down a cliff, and you have some repelling gear.

nice shirt

Hey Dave! are you planning to make some TV show?

Arnt you the dude from "Dual Survival"

Dave, KZread Time delay publishing. That way a steady stream of videos and you can even miss a few weeks! New option they have. Just an idea to "cover" away from base time.

Thanks dave. Now can you do one on shooting slugs out of a shotgun?

Also you can safely shoot slugs out of a modified or open bore choke, whereas you can't out of a full choke. Semper Fi

You won't be able to see the transitions. The only way to see how far back it runs is to measure it. My advice is find a gunsmith. You can remove the choke entirely by cutting off behind the transition. You can also reduce the choke by cutting part of it off. It is a taper so if you take off half the taper you reduce the compression of the shot by half. Hope that helps.

I think you left out 3 1/2 inch shells.

Wow bud its definitely time too shave ...nice video

I just kinda no I got a pump shotgun gonna have for survival is that good don't have a whole lotta -0 buy another shot in like a single shot break open

Up here a full choke is definitely better for shooting geese and turkey. I can always jump shoot ducks, and anyone can walk up on a Greater Canadian goose, but for Lesser Canadas and snows full is better.

It's perfectly safe like it is, but it's a cylinder bore now. You can hunt with it, but it's not going to be ideal for it, and shots taken beyond 15-20 yards are going to be far less effective than with a choke.