Semitic Languages | Word Comparison | 2

A comparison between several Semitic languages. Both alive and dead

Пікірлер: 118

  • @saraali4223
    @saraali4223 Жыл бұрын

    Technically, any of the Arabic words can be written with the suffix -un since they are in their indefinite form, just like how the Akkadian words use the suffix -um. In grammar, this rule is known as Tanween for Arabic and Tamweem for Akkadian.

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    Interesting. Do you know why Akkadian is usually provided with it's -um suffix, while Arabic isn't? (like in dictionaries)

  • @saraali4223

    @saraali4223

    Жыл бұрын

    @@superbrainil In Arabic, it’s expected for the person reading the word to know it’s there even when it’s not written. If it’s a single word, the tanween is really only ever stressed in learning programs. If it’s a full sentence, we can sort of omit it, especially if it’s the last word in the sentence. For example: You can say “Qalam-un Ahmar-un.” (A red pen), or “Qalam-un Ahmar.” Or “Qalam Ahmar.” Either way is considered correct speech. Perhaps it was like that in Akkadian too, who knows?

  • @Muhammad-ben-wael

    @Muhammad-ben-wael

    Жыл бұрын

    @@saraali4223 I appreciate what you did, but may I add some more details about that. As for Arabic word for red "AHMAR" grammatically you shouldn't add tanween to it but rather you can say "AHMAR-U" because it's ممنوع من الصرف or غير منصرف. لأنه على وزن أفعل - فعلاء

  • @saraali4223

    @saraali4223

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Muhammad-ben-wael Thanks for the correction!

  • @Nuruddunya

    @Nuruddunya

    Жыл бұрын

    this is super interesting

  • @yazinmusa5450
    @yazinmusa5450 Жыл бұрын

    Ba'al is a very old word for husband in Arabic. It's in the Qur'an, but a much more common word, zawj, is also in the Qur'an.

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    Ba'al is the native semitic word. Zawj (as well as Aramaic zawgā and Hebrew zug) was borrowed from Greek zeûgos

  • @yazinmusa5450

    @yazinmusa5450

    Жыл бұрын

    @@superbrainil where did u get this info from? How can you be sure of this etymology? Zawj also means pair (or one of a pair) in Arabic.

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    @@yazinmusa5450 Arabic borrowed the word from Aramaic. Aramaic developed the meaning of pair, while the meaning of husband seems to be a later meaning that might have developed on its own in Arabic. The word only appears in Aramaic and Hebrew after their contact with Greek, thus it is probable it was borrowed, and it also changed according to the usual changing patters that Greek words follow in Aramaic. Wiktionary also agrees

  • @birdyjireh6391

    @birdyjireh6391

    Жыл бұрын

    Bal is husband in Amharic too!! But Ba'al is holiday🤩

  • @donnie27brasco

    @donnie27brasco

    Жыл бұрын

    ​@@superbrainil My friend, by saying that the Arabic word "Zawj" was borrowed from Greek zeûgos, you suggest that Arabs didn’t have their own invented word for Zawj, hence they patiently waited for centuries until they got the word from the Arameans, these poor souls who also couldn't invent a word of their own language to solve this dilemma. I can imagine the poor Arabs and Arameans using the sign language all the time. Or, here is another more compatible with logical historical suggestion: it was the Phoenicians who brought this "Semitic" word and many other words and knowledge to the Greeks. Herodotus' account: (The Phoenicians who came with Cadmus-amongst whom were the Gephyraei-introduced into Greece, after their settlement in the country, a number of accomplishments, of which the most important was writing, an art till then, I think, unknown to the Greeks.) When you suggest borrowing a word from one language to another, you have to provide the historical circumstances that led to it, not just relying on Wiktionary, or Wikipedia. For example: The Arabs actually borrowed the word "dirham" (drakhmḗ) from the Greeks, but why?! Because the Arab traders were selling the Greeks a lot of goods (that the Greeks borrowed some of these names of these goods from Arabs), and in return the Arabs borrowed the name this Greek coins. There are also philosophical and scientific Greek words borrowed by the Arabs during the famous Arabo-Greek translation movement that lasted for centuries. But how do you explain the borrowing of "zeûgos" into Arabic and Aramaic?. Your suggestion is unreasonable and out of any historical or cultural context.

  • @KateGladstone
    @KateGladstone2 күн бұрын

    Near the end, in one place you have a typo in an English word. You have “bool” where it should be “bull” - please fix it.

  • @wayfarer9744
    @wayfarer9744 Жыл бұрын

    1:04 Hannibal" barqa"

  • @ThePanEthiopian
    @ThePanEthiopian Жыл бұрын

    Why you didn't add tigrinya or tigre or gurage or Harai or maybe sabean? Try adding more languages and a map to clarify more.

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    I decided to show only 6 language and thus could only show the most important ones. As for a map, a map of the Semitic languages would be dominated by Arabic, making all other languages invisible, and also is unsuited for extinct languages. If I would do a comparison of only the Ethio-Semitic languages, than a map and these languages would probably be featured in it.

  • @makkonen0

    @makkonen0

    Жыл бұрын

    With these sort of words Tigrinya will be identical to Ge'ez

  • @Nuruddunya
    @Nuruddunya Жыл бұрын

    afro-asiatic next! arabic - hebrew - amharic - syriac - coptic - amazigh - somali

  • @ibrohimh9976
    @ibrohimh9976 Жыл бұрын

    where are the languages of the various regions of Arabia

  • @pennypappas8096
    @pennypappas80964 ай бұрын

    As a Greek speaker, I immediately recognized the word tawr for ox as probably sharing the same root with the Greek ταύρος (tauros), meaning bull, which is also the origin of the zodiac sign Taurus ♉. Perhaps a very old loanword from a Semitic language.

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    4 ай бұрын

    Yes! linguists speculate that proto-Indo-European *táwros and the proto-Semitic *ṯawr are related, as either PIE borrowed it from proto-Semitic or the other way around. PIE gave rise to the Greek ταῦρος, Latin taurus, Persian ستور (sotor), Russian тур (tur), and more. As well as the English verb 'steer'.

  • @EzooAzzz-mu8pe

    @EzooAzzz-mu8pe

    2 ай бұрын

    The first city founded by the Canaanites in Greece was Thebes, founded by Cadmus. The Greek letters were originally Canaanite, and the European name was Canaanite.

  • @theoraclerules5056
    @theoraclerules5056 Жыл бұрын

    Why hasn’t the Maltese language been included here, as basically it is in the Semitic group of languages too?

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    1. I didn't include all languages simply because it would elongate the video greatly, so I only included the more well known or historically important languages. 2. Since Maltese descended from Arabic, it would be less interesting to include it in a video already featuring Arabic (interesting nonetheless, but less interesting than other languages). If I were to do a video about Arabic dialects, it might be included (I do not mean to say it is an Arabic dialect, it certainly isn't)

  • @user-bh9pv5hp6y

    @user-bh9pv5hp6y

    3 ай бұрын

    @@superbrainil Why hasn’t the historically important Aramaic language not included ? It is alive now.

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    3 ай бұрын

    @@user-bh9pv5hp6y Syriac, a historical dialect of Aramaic, is included

  • @user-bh9pv5hp6y

    @user-bh9pv5hp6y

    3 ай бұрын

    @@superbrainil but it is only dialect, and in other dialects of Aramaic may be other words

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    3 ай бұрын

    @@user-bh9pv5hp6y Yes, but there are a lot of them, so if I were ever to include them all it would be in a seperate video Edit: Syriac is also a lot easier to find sources for, as it has been extensively documented and resarched

  • @smiedranokatirova5987
    @smiedranokatirova5987 Жыл бұрын

    please make a video when u include semetic langauges and most spoken arabic dialects like Iraqi arabic Egyptian arabic Morrocan To see the diffrence

  • @faizanhashmi389

    @faizanhashmi389

    Ай бұрын

    just tell me calling brinjal as eggplant in usa , aubergine in uk . made these language different

  • @yared9439
    @yared9439 Жыл бұрын

    The Amharic transliteration is often times totally off and seems to be mostly copy pasted from google translate (which uses a very weird transliteration). The word you used for dog in Amharic is not standard Amharic but the way it is said in a northern dialect.

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    It is copied from wiktionary. Unfortunately I don't know Amharic so it's hard to verify information. Also, what is the standard word for dog?

  • @yared9439

    @yared9439

    Жыл бұрын

    @@superbrainil : First of all: Great job, I really like this and the other videos (also the ones without the Ethiopian languages. :) ). I find Semitic roots very interesting. About Amharic, the standard word for dog is ውሻ (wəšša). The problem with the other translierations is that pages like Google translate use the letter "i" whenever a letter of the 6th order is used. The Ge'ez script has evolved so, that by the 4th century each letter of the alphabet got 7 mutations/orders by adding vowels. So for example the letter "bet" "በ" now has 7 mutations: በ (bä) ቡ (bu) ቢ (bi) ባ (ba) ቤ (be) ብ (b[ə]) ቦ (bo). The 6th order has technically two sounds, either the stand alone letter (in this case "b") or the letter and an added "ə" sound. There is no written indication to anyone not knowing the word, whether the ə is pronounced or not. So the Amharic word for tooth "ṭərs" could be read as "ṭərəsə" by someone who doesn't know. Google translate chose to use the letter "i" for the 6th order - which is why they would write t'irisi instead of t'irs (using their transliteration). I find this very odd (but understandable). it makes words look very weird. For example if you write the Quranic/Arabic name إبراهيم (Ibrahim) in Amharic on Google translate it would transliterate ኢብራሂም as ībirahīmi although it's not pronounced differently than the Arabic original.

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    @@yared9439 Thank you

  • @ya.b.t.b908

    @ya.b.t.b908

    Жыл бұрын

    @@yared9439 actually you can find the word "Kälb" in amharic to indicate dogs in relatively not so old books from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It's just that very few people use that word to describe dog nowadays... We all use the word "Wusha" because it's common.

  • @Yoseph-tr5bx

    @Yoseph-tr5bx

    3 ай бұрын

    They probably are ecclesiastic books and they used a lot of Ge'ez in their books back then even when writing in Amharic plus it might be the case it was a loan word from Tigrinya which is spoken in the north? @@ya.b.t.b908

  • @siyabongamviko8872
    @siyabongamviko8872 Жыл бұрын

    Amharic can really go offside, compared to the others. I mean, is joro really cognate to ezn from Ge'ez?

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    It doesn't seem to be. I remember reading somewhere that Amharic's vocabulary is only around 30% Semitic-originated, but I do not remember where I read that, so take it with a grain of salt.

  • @ThePanEthiopian

    @ThePanEthiopian

    Жыл бұрын

    Amharic is mostly mixed language

  • @yared9439

    @yared9439

    Жыл бұрын

    @@superbrainil While I don't know the exact number. I believe it's way over 50%.

  • @enrico7474

    @enrico7474

    Жыл бұрын

    @SuperBrainIL No the stats say modern amharic is 30% cushitic the rest is semitic , old amharic on the other hand is much more semitic .

  • @siyabongamviko8872

    @siyabongamviko8872

    Жыл бұрын

    @@enrico7474 don't Tigre and Tigrinya speakers claim their languages are much more similar to Ge'ez and sound more like Arabic? 😅

  • @connormurphy683
    @connormurphy6837 ай бұрын

    Would be interested to learn why some of the Amharic words are so different

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    7 ай бұрын

    To my knowledge, there are a few main reason: 1. The Ethio-Semitic (Ge'ez and Amharic in this video) languages come from a different branch of the Semitic languages than the mainstream Western Semitic languages (Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic). 2. The Ethio-Semitic languages have been geographically isolated from the other Semitic languages for many years. 3. The Ethio-Semitic languages have been heavily influenced by the Cushitic languages of the region, to the point were more than half of Amharic vocabulary is Cushitic in origin. There might be more reasons, but those are the main ones.

  • @yeassablij7529

    @yeassablij7529

    5 ай бұрын

    ​@@superbrainilYou're right about the cushitic influence in Amharic,but only 30% of the words are of cushitic origion(mainly from Agaw language).

  • @user-vr4mb4sy1z
    @user-vr4mb4sy1z Жыл бұрын

    Where is the old Arabic musnad font?

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    This script was only used for the old south Arabian languages, which aren't included in this video.

  • @SrMarwan69
    @SrMarwan69 Жыл бұрын

    how did you know the origin proto Semitic pronounction ?

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    Linguists reconstructed it based primarily on comparison between different recorded Semitic languages.

  • @maraluciaduclosduclos7496
    @maraluciaduclosduclos7496 Жыл бұрын

    ALL brothers and wonderful languages. Kalb means cachorro. Ism is nome. Wonderful vídeo.

  • @ThePanEthiopian
    @ThePanEthiopian Жыл бұрын

    Geez is the father language for all ethio-semetic languages (amharic, tigrinya, tigre, gurage, silti, zay and harari)

  • @yared9439

    @yared9439

    Жыл бұрын

    I don't know of any modern linguist that sees Ge'ez as the "father languag" of all Ethio-semitic languages. It is rather seen as a sister language to Tigre and Tigrinya (North Ethio-Semitic languages) and a cousin to the South Ethio-Semitic languages (like Amharic, Argobba, Harari, etc)

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    @@yared9439 You are right that they are not descendant from it, but maybe he means it influenced them greatly since it was the official language and the language of the church for many years? kinda like Latin in Europe (Latin's relation to non-Romance languages there, like to English)

  • @rohayeha

    @rohayeha

    Жыл бұрын

    I don't think so Amharic is the oldest language than Geez.

  • @yared9439

    @yared9439

    Жыл бұрын

    @@rohayeha what js the evidence for that statement?

  • @user-bh9pv5hp6y
    @user-bh9pv5hp6y3 ай бұрын

    Syriac = Aramaic ? or not?

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    3 ай бұрын

    Aramaic started as a single language, but quickly diverged into several dialects. There have been a lot of historical Aramaic dialects, one of which is Syriac. Today, there are several other Aramaic dialects, although most are endangered. Syriac is still used today as the liturgical language of many Aramean/Assyrian churches

  • @hailehaile8229

    @hailehaile8229

    20 күн бұрын

    @@superbrainil next time add Galilean Aramaic pls

  • @schockmetamorphose7729
    @schockmetamorphose77296 ай бұрын

    The -um in the Akkadian reminds me strongly of Latin, although I don't think they have a connection

  • @Ahmed-pf3lg

    @Ahmed-pf3lg

    3 ай бұрын

    True, but it's not related. Arabic can also add the suffix -un in the end, same as Akkadian just with n instead of m. I don't know why this video added suffixed to Akkadian and not Arabic.

  • @gazoontight
    @gazoontight Жыл бұрын

    Interesting.

  • @nidhinkn5980
    @nidhinkn5980 Жыл бұрын

    What is called nice hair in Hebrew?

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    I'm not sure I get the meaning of your question

  • @Abilliph

    @Abilliph

    Жыл бұрын

    Do you mean how to say nice hair?? Nice hair is "Se'ar Yafe" שיער יפה

  • @nidhinkn5980

    @nidhinkn5980

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Abilliph thank you.

  • @smiedranokatirova5987

    @smiedranokatirova5987

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Abilliphraqi arabic: še’ar yafi’ = young hair Interesting

  • @user-ru3nq1ti9t

    @user-ru3nq1ti9t

    2 ай бұрын

    Like iraqi arabic wow​@@Abilliph

  • @anvartemir7877
    @anvartemir7877 Жыл бұрын

    Why they writed q in Hebrew if they pronounce it as the k

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    There is a system to latinise Hebrew in a way that will represent all Hebrew pronunciation systems. ק was pronunced different than k in biblical Hebrew, so it is noted, despite already probably disappearing in mishnaic Hebrew. The same for long and short vowels. In the same way, Beged Kefet letters only developed two forms in late biblical Hebrew, and they are written despite not existing in biblical Hebrew.

  • @anvartemir7877

    @anvartemir7877

    Жыл бұрын

    @@superbrainil do all Hebrew speakees pronouce it as k or is there also those who pronounce it as the q? For example in Turkush I know that in Istanbul (main) dialect K pronounced as k but in other regions and provinces K usually pronounced as Q.

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    @@anvartemir7877 Early Biblical Hebrew and Samaritan Hebrew did. Today, all Hebrew dialects pronounce it as /k/, except the Yemenite dialect which pronounces it as /g/.

  • @anvartemir7877

    @anvartemir7877

    Жыл бұрын

    @@superbrainil so this process that is happening in Turkish now happened long ago in Hebrew. And how do u think was something like that process in European languages? Was there q sound before but by time it became k sound? Or q always spelled like k?

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    @@anvartemir7877 From what I know European languages never had a Q sound. The letter that represented /q/ in the Phoenician script was borrowed into the Greek alphabet in order to represent /kʷ/ and /kʷʰ/, which existed in Greek but not in any Semitic language. This letter was than passed into Latin for the same Greek phonemes which also existed in Latin, and than remained in the Latin alphabet as a relic of history. Also, I think Turkish never had /q/ but instead some dialects might have developed it under Arabic's influence, as I don't think Proto-Turkic or any Turkic languages that hadn't had any contact with Semitic languages have it. So you might say it is opposite from Hebrew in the way that one lost /q/ and one gained it.

  • @OscarinOrbitus
    @OscarinOrbitus Жыл бұрын

    And egyptian?

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    The Semitic languages themselves are a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Ancient Egyptian is also an Afro-Asiatic language, but from a different branch.

  • @DevSarman

    @DevSarman

    Жыл бұрын

    The Egyptian branch would be Coptic, which is Afro-Asiatic, but unrelated to Semitic family

  • @Ahmed-pf3lg

    @Ahmed-pf3lg

    3 ай бұрын

    It would be Cushitic. Ancient Egyptian is a Cushitic language, same family as Somali.@@DevSarman

  • @asmaabubakar2646
    @asmaabubakar26464 ай бұрын

    وعلشان تعرف المكتوب في جداريات الاثار المصريه هي نفس اللغه الجءزيه والامهريه كذالك مكتوب بها في بعد الاثار وهي لغات شرق افريقيه يتحدث بها الي الان في ارتريا واثوبيا اما الاثرين الحالين مفسرين الاثار المكتوبه غلط يقصدون ام لا لا ادري وبذلك ضيعو الحضاره العظيمه ومحتوياتها واسرارها وصارت مجرد اثار وبس الاثار فيها ذكر جميع الامم فيها سدوم وعموره وفيها ابرهه الصباح وفيها ذكر الاقباط في ما بعض وفيهااشياء كتيره وفيها قوم جاؤ من اليمن بالمراكب مكتوب جاؤ من اليمن وفيها من جاؤ من جهت سيناء غساسنه وجاؤ ومعهم نساء ورجال وحمير واطفال ومكتوب جاؤ للجواز ومكتوب هدي باللغه المصريه القديمه معناها يتزوج وكتير وفيها التابوت ورجال حاملين التابوت ومكتوب تابوت لماذا مصر كتمه علي هذا ومكتفيا بترجمت الفرنسي الخطا كيف لخواجي ان يعرف لغه شرق افريقيه الي اللقاء😅😅😅

  • @ThePanEthiopian
    @ThePanEthiopian Жыл бұрын

    1:40 you just said husband in amharic 2:16 in amharic dog is ውሻ(wusha) thats tigrinya

  • @ohali5668

    @ohali5668

    7 ай бұрын

    I understand you but in old Amharic kelb is dog too, its still used in Tigrinya but in amharic it is changed from kelb to wusha, But people still say deme kelb which means blood of dog

  • @Niqwa-cd3fi

    @Niqwa-cd3fi

    27 күн бұрын

    @@ohali5668that makes so much sense

  • @eitansoffer798
    @eitansoffer798Ай бұрын

    עברית מאוד קרובה לאכדית...מפליא

  • @pamanojol9938
    @pamanojol99385 күн бұрын

    ❤🥹❤️

  • @abumeshaaladwan407
    @abumeshaaladwan4072 ай бұрын

    The Arabic language is not Semitic

  • @hellblazer_180

    @hellblazer_180

    2 ай бұрын

    😂

  • @KateGladstone

    @KateGladstone

    2 күн бұрын

    If Arabic isn’t a Semitic language, then what kind of language is it?

  • @ao-ww1qh
    @ao-ww1qh Жыл бұрын

    Arabic speaker here 1:28 ba'l in Arabic mean husband not lord

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    The meaning of 'lord' also existed and it is now obsolete

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    @@ao-ww1qh I don't know if it is attested or not. Maybe it was attested in the century before the Quran was written but Arabic was already written. Maybe it exists in this sense in some idiom, or place name. maybe this sense entered a language as a borrowing from Arabic. There are many ways to reconstruct that meaning so maybe that is the basis for this claim. It also exists in other Semitic languages in both senses

  • @donnie27brasco

    @donnie27brasco

    Жыл бұрын

    Ba'l in Arabic means also, tough rare, lord, even god, because "Ba'l" was a name of a famous god worshiped by ancient Arabs ans Phoenicians.

  • @ao-ww1qh

    @ao-ww1qh

    Жыл бұрын

    @@donnie27brasco If you have a single exemple of ancient arabic text use the word baal as meaning lord i would love to know about it Also there is no source of arabs worshipping a god named baal only the Kanaanates and the Ugaritians are known to worship that god

  • @donnie27brasco

    @donnie27brasco

    Жыл бұрын

    @@ao-ww1qh Not single, there are many ancient Arabic inscriptions (Thamudic and Safaitic mainly) which mentioned "Baal" and "Ba'alsamîn" (God of heaven) in the middle and north of the Arabian Peninsula. You can follow the works of Michael C A Macdonald, from University of Oxford, who is an experts in the scripts and inscriptions of ancient Arabia, particularly Ancient North Arabian (Taymanitic, Dadanitic, Hasaitic, Thamudic, Hismaic and Safaitic), Nabataean, and pre-Islamic Arabic.

  • @anvartemir7877
    @anvartemir7877 Жыл бұрын

    Haha so Hebrew is way more primitive language comparing to Arabic because instead of F they have primitive p lol, the reason: they can't pronounce F

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    Late biblical Hebrew developed a distinction between /p/ and /f/. The letter shown as p̄ is pronounced like /f/ in all variants of Hebrew stemming from late biblical Hebrew, while in early biblical Hebrew it was pronounced as /p/. The same applies to ḵ, ṯ, ḏ, ḇ, and ḡ. These letters are usually called Beged Kefet letters when referring to Hebrew. Arabic has a similar distinction, but only in some of the sounds, like in t corresponding to th. Arabic had the distinction between /p/ and /f/, and then lost /p/. Only a few Arabic dialects, like the Iraqi dialect, retained /p/.

  • @anvartemir7877

    @anvartemir7877

    Жыл бұрын

    @@superbrainil do u know in what period of history that process happened in Arabic? When p completely disappeared?

  • @superbrainil

    @superbrainil

    Жыл бұрын

    @@anvartemir7877 Unfortunately not, although it seems even pre-Quranic Arabic already lost it.

  • @smiedranokatirova5987

    @smiedranokatirova5987

    Жыл бұрын

    @@anvartemir7877 around the year 400 ad, 200 years before islam, arabs already were using both p and f & b and v then they standarized on f and b after islam, because that was mecca dialect

  • @petarjovanovic1481

    @petarjovanovic1481

    Жыл бұрын

    Just NO! Arabic is much, much more conservative.