Blood supply of the Glomerulus: 1:28 Fenestrated capillaries: 2:03 Basement membrane structure: 05:40 Negatively charged basement membrane as a filter: 9:55 Conclusion of Glomerulus structure: 12:18 Podocytes: 13:40 Nephrin: 14:43 Filtration Slit (the slit diaphragm): 15:15 Parietal of the Bowman's capsule: 16:45 Conclusion of molecules that can be filtrated into the Bowman's space: 17:40 Mesangial cells: 21:55 J.G Cells (Jextra Glomerulus cell): 23:05 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Glomerulus filtration rate: 25:26 Factors affecting the filtration rate: Net filtration rate (In: Colloid osmotic pressure / Capsular hydrostatic pressure, Out: Glomerulus hydrostatic pressure / Capsular osmotic pressure = 0 in healthy animals, no plasma protein should pass): 27:05 KF (Filtration coefficient - Surface area and permeability of the glomerulus capillaries): 34:45 What could affect GHP/COP/CHP: 39:20

@mrabin8098

3 жыл бұрын

THANKS

@kanjriwalakhadeeja4579

3 жыл бұрын

thank youuuu soo much❤️

@shubhadakedare435

3 жыл бұрын

Thankss

@jkfunmusicavenue4509

3 жыл бұрын

This is awsome....your are like my chemistry teacher he taught me things even we couldnt imaging but after knowing those i felt i was came from another planet .....

@magdasoto-rivera802

2 жыл бұрын

@lujain very good!!!

i am watching these videos like series in netflix,

@54blueroses

5 жыл бұрын

Same! Feasting on these

@nshab09

5 жыл бұрын

OMG YES haha

@JamezBnd007

5 жыл бұрын

Lmao for real

@komancikartal

5 жыл бұрын

Mandibular canine

@chumadoshi6987

5 жыл бұрын

Good stuff. Wish my tutor was this good. This guy is pro ably 23 like me yet he knows much more than I do. Go figure. How is it possible for someone to be thos smart. This is amazing just like magic

Instead of professors, they should just play your videos! I'm telling you, I've never learned more or better than by watching these videos!

@snowkat1052

3 жыл бұрын

100% agree. I'm here because my professor is so incredibly boring, I can't pay attention. This guy knows how to lecture!!

@drmadeelsafdar6220

3 жыл бұрын

Exactly

@jannaharris3679

3 жыл бұрын

Agree! My professor has the best of intentions, but we leave his classes more confused than we came in. Watched this guy for 1.h hrs and I learnt what my lecturer could not teach me in 4 months.

@mukhtarmuhammed8569

3 жыл бұрын

I agree with you

@catherinel5716

3 жыл бұрын

Agreed, presentation really learning..

you're thanking us for sticking around and watching you?? we're THANKING YOU for sticking around preparing and filming this very informative video. Very very well done.

@StayiNAddiCtED

3 жыл бұрын

A FUCKEN NiNJA iNDEED ... Great video as usual 👍🏼

@abdullahshaikh8366

3 ай бұрын

Literally Man....we thank u

Impressive. Really love the fact that you take time to explain the histology of the basement membrane because that makes so much sense why the glomerulus is such a selective compontent when it comes to filtration. Thanx again.

@NinjaNerdOfficial

6 жыл бұрын

+Nguyen Nguyen i'm truly glad that the video helped! Thank you for your kind words once again.

i'm surviving medical school because of you

@dr.nj11

4 жыл бұрын

James, I second that.

@nichaweemanosudprasit7957

4 жыл бұрын

Me too for dental school😂

@mariabalabanian9629

4 жыл бұрын

SAME

@oyamatoayei4497

4 жыл бұрын

Me too

@yelenamitchell2852

4 жыл бұрын

PA School too!

Dr najeeb be like : finally a worthy opponent 🔥

Summary: Renal corpuscle: Glomerulus + Bowman's capsule Glomerlus: endothelial lining + glomerular basement membrane 1. Tuft of capillaries that is fed by afferent arteriole. 2. Type of capillaries: fenestrated- pores in endothelial cells No formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) (can go through fenestrated pores) Can pass thru: H20, waste products, small proteins, electrolytes, nutrients) 3. Efferent arteriole drains glomerulus (NOT a venule- rare in body) [Blue membrane] Glomerular basement membrane 1. Three sublayers (endothelial side to podocytes side) a. Lamina rara interna- Heparin sulfate (very negatively charged)- thinner layer Negative charge of heparin sulfate is important because proteins inside blood is negatively charged, eg, albumins, IgG. Positively charged electrolyes can easily pass through. b. Lamina densa- type IV collagen and laminins c. Lamina rara externa- Heparin sulfate Bowman's capsule: Parietal + visceral layer a. Visceral layer 1. Podocytes 2. Nephrin- proteins inbetween podocytes, interconnecting them makes up the slit diaphragm 3. Filtration slit- space between podocytes b. parietal layer Freely Filterable stuff: HCO3-, Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg 2+, H2O, Glucose, amino acids, lipids, Urea, creatinine Mesangial cells [piranha looking] > important to glomerular structure- phagocytose molecules that get hung up in slit diaphragm > Contractile activity: control the amount of blood flow that comes to the glomerulus > gap junctions connect to juxtaglomerular cells (stimulates release of renin from JG cells) Net Filtration Pressure Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR): > DEF: plasma volume that is being filtered out from the glomerulus and into the Bowman's capsule for 1 min- 125 ml/min > Every min, 1200 ml passes through arteriole. Only 625 ml/min out of this is used in filtration process. 575 ml leaves out. > 20% of 635 filtered only = 125 ml Factors that affect GFR: 1. NFP: pressures forcing out - pressures pulling things in > Forcing out: Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP), Colloidal Osmotic Pressure (CoOP)- the pressure created by albumin and such to keep all the things in the blood, in the blood and not anywhere else > Forcing in: Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure (CHP), Capsular Osmotic Pressure (CaOP)- 0 mm Hg in normal humans since plasma proteins are not meant to pass. > GHP + CaOP - (CHP + CoOP) = NFP > 55 + 0 - ( 30 + 15 ) = 10 mm Hg > NFP directly proportional to GFR 2. KF (Filtration Coeffient) 2a. Surface area of glomerulus > directly proportional to GFR > diabetic nephropathy: protein deposits in glomerulus that makes it thicker and reduces surface area 2b. Permeability of glomerulus > directly proportional to GFR > Glomerulonephritis: damage to glomerulus makes basement membrane very porous. Higher GFR causes lots of proteins to be lost. GFR = NFP x KF Clinical Correlations: GHP- directly dependent on systemic BP (directly proportional) CoOP- > multiple myeloma (too many diff types of proteins in the blood) you end up taking a lot of water > hypoproteinemia: can't hold on to proteins CHP > renal calculi (kidney stone >5mm diameter) stuck in nephron loop > increase in CHP > hydronephrosis due to renal ptosis- in individuals that are very emaciated (thin/weak) because of rapid weight loss, the kidneys can drop and kink up. Fluids flow back to the kidney causing hydronephrosis. > increase in CHP

@basithkhanbasith

3 жыл бұрын

Thanks

@etharoriby4040

Жыл бұрын

You’re the best

@sinipunainen6167

Жыл бұрын

@DrsundasMD

8 ай бұрын

Amazing. Thanks 👍

@callyaudio7643

6 ай бұрын

Thanks 😊

God bless you Ninja Nerd. You seriously taught this way better than my college physio professor.

I love the clinical tidbits that you include in each video because it helps me see how each process, each pathway can be clinically relevant as it could affect a real human being. Keep up the good work

@NinjaNerdOfficial

6 жыл бұрын

That is awesome to hear because we here at ninja nerd love implementing the clinical aspect we it is helpful!

I aspire to lecture as clearly as you do. You are a gem.

Please do NOT stop making these informative videos! I'm a first-year veterinarian student and you have enabled me to pass my first semester of veterinarian classes with A's. You're literally like my personal tutor. Thank you!

@NinjaNerdOfficial

6 жыл бұрын

+Johneisha Motley lolol!!! thank you so much for your kind words I'm so happy that we were able to help!

You are a super hero for med students. You are literally the best lecturer i have ever seen. Cant tell you how much your videos have helped me throughout my med life. Thanks a billion

Your lectures are such a gift. I’m a visual learner and seeing your illustrations help me tremendously. I passed my cardiac exam and I owe a lot of that to you! Thank you so much!

@NinjaNerdOfficial

2 жыл бұрын

Congratulations!

I NEVER comment on any videos, but man, I just had to say THANK YOU!

@mouhamedosamaanbarji1896

4 жыл бұрын

God bless him😇

Your renal physiology videos are masterpieces. You are amazing for putting them out for free

I can't say enough about this 10 part series! I was lost in my lecture becasue now it is online, we didn't get the lab portion. It is so important to start with the first video and just builds from there. I was lost in the book and lecture until this ! Thank you so much!

Subscribed right away after watching one of your lectures. Love the way you teach, hoping for more to come :)

@NinjaNerdOfficial

6 жыл бұрын

Yay! That’s so exciting to hear!

I don't think I could even continue to study if there was no Ninja Nerd channel. There is no way to describe how much thanks I owe you.

this must be the first 40-minutes video explaining something that I've ever watched until the end. Thank you so much for your detailed explainations and that you keep repeating and explaining things you've said before and that you do it with such joy that I was paying attention until the very end. Thank you!!

You're currently saving my degree, man. Thank you for these videos! They're so, so helpful.

I don't even know if you read the comments but I wanted to let you know that even videos you did five or six years ago had helped someone (me) to day with their physiology example, I had the highest grade note between my colleagues, thank you for being so funny and prepared at the same time ❤️ God bless you and your channel 🥰😂. from 🇮🇹

Binge Watching! Dude your enthusiasm is contagious. Never thought I'd be excited over glomerular filtration but I am now.

This man is honestly the best teacher I have ever come across in my entire life. I love how patient and detailed he is because in reality when it comes to science, every detail matters. We need to protect him at all costs. Thank you Ninja Nerd for all you do.

If I'm depending on something for physiology other than the books, it is your videos. They help me so much and kudos to you for covering so much details in a short time. Appreciate your effort. Keep it up!

I feel like I need to pay you. Thank you SO MUCH for the time effort and work you and your people spent putting these videos together. This helped me tremendously! Thank you thank you thank you!! Also, teaching is definitely your talent!

I thoroughly enjoy your videos. My teacher is always yelling at us telling us that we don't know much and that we have to actually enjoy science to go into the medical field. Well we do, but the teachers suck and make it so hard to understand. YOur videos connect the dots and helps me to picture everything. Its amazing. Thank you so so much! You make me enjoy science again.

Mi gente-Pay this man and the team that puts all this together! You all are making school much feasible. Muchas gracias 🙏

Just had my physio final 4 days ago. One of my questions were about nephrons, so after watching this video and seeing how you explain it I got an A for my final mark. Thank you so much man.

I wish I found your channel earlier in my A&P 1 and A&P 2 class. I’m currently preparing for my final binge watching your videos. Super helpful!

Ahh thanks for existing sir!. Your videos are the reason why I have begun to love physiology. Stay blessed. And please keep on sharing more such precious information in the same precious way!✨

I just wanted to thank you for helping me finish my A & P class with a good grade. You are the best professor in the world. Thank you for your dedication. Also you are amazingly smart, I truly look up to you! ❤❤❤

I don’t know how to say thank you! You make learning so much easier and fun!! Honestly these subjects are hard to memorize but you make it possible!Thanks alot man!

These videos are for free !!!! Can’t believe coz this is world class content and the way it is delivered is beyond words. Thank you so much .❤ From India ❤️

Hats off to you and these amazing videos! I'm studying for my APMLE and I've NEVER understood the concept until now and the visuals and everything is just brilliant. Thank you so much for making this learning process fun!

This channel is a boon to all students,even paid platforms fail to teach classes concepts this flawlessly.I love this channel.God bless you ninja nerd ❤️

I’ve been dreading the day we started renal physiology in my class, but I feel much better with your videos. You’re a huge inspiration! Thanks!

The quality of content in this video is 5/5. Love it

I am really falling love with the way you're teaching. More than expected than I wanted.

even 6 years later here you are saving medical students like me in physiology! I owe you big time if i ever get the chance to meet you in person

You are amazing, thank you very much for the dedication 🙌🏻 You make it feel like it isnt studying at all, gonna grab a popcorn and watch ur vids for hours ! ☺️☺️

Never dissapointed about you PROF! Thanks a lot!

Am a Medical student from Uganda, Africa, Am a Ninja Nerd, I love you Ninja Nerd, u mean a lot to me, May God bless you

I see most of the comments are of people who are already in med school, but I'm still in high school and I can understand perfectly due to the great explanation you provide. Excellent video!

Oh, man! You've got MAD teaching skills! I love your videos. Thank you😀 Love from Norway.

U guys are saving me in physiology seriously thank you

Absolutely Brilliant!! One of the most difficult concepts for me was explained in a Wonderful 43-minute video. You put a lot of my professors to shame.

Your diagrams are so illustrative. You make difficult concepts so easy to grasp. Thank you for putting in so much effort for medicos.

very nice job , it's really useful , no one can teach these concepts so ooooooooooooooo good , thank you sir

Brilliance in action. Dude, you make these subject matters so uncomplicated. I thoroughly enjoy watching your videos. They beat tv watching (wasting). By the way, the word fenestrated is from Italian word fenestra (fenestram-Latin) which means windows.

@chumadoshi6987

5 жыл бұрын

Blah blah blah blah... Good! for! you! 😂

you are an absolute genius, not necessarily for the content, but for the delivery and presentation of all this information !!! thank you

I've never seen anybody explain anatomy that good, I'm almost crying

thank you for sharing your knowledge, it's amazing!!!

Thank you so much man. Really helping me out here. :)

Im doing Critical Care Nursing and your lectures are a life saver. Thank you so much! Please keep it going 👍🏻

Thank you for being so helpful in your lessons. You seem to be right on point with what I'm learning, and if you go a little more in depth than I need, I still find you easy to follow.

WOW!! You know a lot!!! Thank you for sharing all that information in detail and standard language! Why you do you know all that ? 🤔

Man you should start a medical school All love ❤️

Just one word... AMAZING ... Never thought this would be so easy to understand thank u for making it easier ... Loved it ❤

It all makes sense now , thanks a lot for this amazing video , I highly recommend it for all medical students around the world who are struggling with this topic ❤

For real I gave up on my collage teacher and you saved my life

@-FatimahAzahra

3 жыл бұрын

fr fr

So incredibly helpful!! I do have two questions if someone could please enlighten me! 1. Why do anions pass the glomerular basement membrane but proteins do not? If they are both negatively charged and of the appropriate size. 2. It was implied a few times that the increase/decrease in osmotic pressure was proportional to the concentration of proteins in the plasma and capsule. Why does changes in electrolytes not result in the same changes of osmotic pressure?

A very thankful medical student here! Thank you for teaching this better than my actual professor! You're the best!

I am about to become an Acute Hemodialysis Nurse and this video helps me a lot. Thanks, man. You're amazing.

I wish my school just fires everybody in the faculty and just use your lecture as the main learning material.

Thank you very much sir I loved this video Please make more videos 🙏🙏 Your way to explain the subject is very nice and beautiful Thank you again ❤️❤️

@NinjaNerdOfficial

6 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much!

At this time one of the best option for medical students, guys u have golden opportunity to take the concepts from ninja nerd hi is really appreciating💕 us, thanx ninja for your kind of information. 🥰🥰🥰

Wow, the passion with which you are talking is making me fall in love with nephrology. Amazing job! :)

25:38 The 600ml of the 1200 ml of the blood coming into glomerulus per minute is the plasma part of the blood ,the part of the blood filtred in the glomerulus .and as you know the plama constitutes 55% of the blood , hence we have 600 ml of plasma in the kidney the remaining 45% are the blood cells . Renal blood flow per minute =1100 ml . Renal plasma follow per minute = 600ml , and out of this we filter 125 ml which is about 20 % of renal plasma follow (filtration fraction )

Mesangial cells getting ready to "frick something up" is how I will forever refer to them lol

You are just incredible and you are the reason that I love physiology that much. In beginning I just hate physiology but now it is my favourite most subject. You are the reason behind it ❤️❤️

You explain things so much better than any physiology professor I have taken a course from I have had 3

Great lecture but I have a question How negatvly charged ions like chlorde and bicrbonate pass through the GBM?

@nathanaeltimothytarore5127

5 жыл бұрын

it can pass through the GBM, but it's more harder than the positive charge

@thakurankit7159

5 жыл бұрын

same question here🤔🤔

@akimbo5u

5 жыл бұрын

they are negative but small, proteins are negative and large. so its harder for cl- and hco3- to filtrate but it can

@shwetakunwar5062

4 жыл бұрын

I too have the same questions,,, how negative charge can pass through GBM ? In any condition dnt matter they r small why the GBM doesnt repell cl- and hco3- ?

Thanks a lot You said that negatively charged particles can not pass through glomerular basement membrane. But cl and bicarbonat are negatively charged particles. Can you explain about this? Thank you 😊

@charlenenepomuceno4894

4 жыл бұрын

They normally can't, but when there's too much of them and they're small enough to fit the fenestrations, then some may actually pass through

@bayannn9293

4 жыл бұрын

Yeah i have the same question!!

@122prachurjyachumangogoi4

4 жыл бұрын

well there are sialoproteins (negatively charged proteins in the wall of the glomerular basement membrane. Due to these, the filtration of negatively charged proteins is slightly slower than the cationic substances of the same size. So HCO3- and cl- do pass through albeit in lesser quantities. In some diseases the negative charges in the glomerular basement membrane disappear leading to filtration of large amounts of albumin and other negatively charged molecules

Your presentations, visuals and energy made learning these subjects interesting and very understandable. U r a blessing, wish I came across your site last year! You have a talent for teaching at such a young age! Keep up the awesome work! Thank you and God bless!!

I’m watching this in 2020 and it really made so much sense😍😍🙏. No more cramming. Thank you and thank you.

Hi, thanks for all!! Just a tiny correction: the fenestrations are not holes IN the endothelial cell, they are spaces BETWEEN the cells. 😉

@cyrusthegreat579

5 жыл бұрын

nah theyre pores, aka holes. spaces would be more so discontinuous capillaries.

@ntethelelosibiya6448

5 жыл бұрын

No, what you are talking about is known as inter-cellular clefts. Fenestrations are indeed the holes in the endothelial cells.

20:18 Sir if bicarbonates and chloride are negatively charged how do they make out of the glomerular membrane? Please help.

@ratulhalder1692

4 жыл бұрын

Yes..same question sir

@barsgulluoglu5842

4 жыл бұрын

Our professor told us that because the molecular weight of Cl or HCO3 is really small (unlike big plasma proteins), the effects of the negative charge can be negligible.

@drnarjindershergill2393

4 жыл бұрын

Barış Güllüoğlu thnks !!

I am completely in love with your explanations !!!!!

Thank you so much for explaining so clearly. I read my textbook and watched several videos before watching this where it just clicked instantly. Thank you!

WOW, I love you! Marry me, please!

@sk-sq4vr

6 жыл бұрын

Anja 😂😂😂

@photosbycarmenkc3509

6 жыл бұрын

Hilarious 😜😜

@54blueroses

5 жыл бұрын

Get in line sister!

@chumadoshi6987

5 жыл бұрын

He doesn't marry men. Hes into women.😂😂😂😂

@dr.nj11

4 жыл бұрын

@@chumadoshi6987 Then I will propose to him myself. I need this guy forever( Through my med school and residency) lol

Your videos make my transition to online Anatomy so much easier! Thank you for all you do!

I am not even in medical school and I love watching all these videos makes me want to become a doctor. Incredibly easy to learn.

I get As in class coz of you !! Great work !! U have no idea how much people appreciate you ❤

my lecturer today was like speaking in a language i don't understand, here you make it look so simple.

@SinusofMorgagni42865

3 жыл бұрын

😂

I cant thank you enough for what you do. I am sharing you with all my nursing student friends. You explain in a way that just makes sense!

im doing an online Anatomy and Physiology course and i'm on the Urinary System, read the slide shows, and i was like okee i have no idea, so then i came across ur video, and u saved me, ive gone from zero confidence if what i understand to a lot in just one video!! and uve made it all sound interesting! thank you!!

@muhammadtayyeb3318

4 жыл бұрын

would you like to tell me on which website you are doing online course of anatomy and physiology ?

You are a genius and explain in a wonderful way, and I do not need to review what I have remembered after watching your videos ❤

Amazing! Just amazing....for anyone in the medical field period this is fabulous work. I truly recommend professors have to watch this and understand why everyone likes these videos. Learn how to explain processes in ways students can understand. In college I had too many professors that we students either had to go to the Dean because even the genius students were failing! You have to be able to explain in details. We need to understand this because we are dealing with peoples lives!!

So good stuff. You guys have easily the best videos on KZread on these subjects. Thank you!

So awesome that your teaching and also working in the system. Thank you for all the time you take to teach and take care of others. :)

Simplified and straight to the point. May God bless you sir.

I really don't have any words, i couldn't understand the concepts, and you just put them into my brain so well now! med students hero!

Seriously gotcha thank you a ton million times Dudeeeeeee🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏..... you're making my life in med school easier !!! Can't thank enough ! Truly appreciate your dedication 🙏

My life saver..thanks alot for the hard work you're doing..just to simplify these kind of topics..may God bless you

your way of explaination dispatch me in a world of physiology which is so beautiful sir ... thankyou very much!!!!

Such kind of petty details and presentations really solve out all my points.. !! THANKS FOR SERVING HUMANITY IN THIS WAY!! God bless u!!

Seriously Amazing !!! I m really learning a far better then what i watch in my online lectures! Thanks for all the stuff ❤

I tried reading the notes, got confused but you just made my life easier. Thank you

I love your videos so much!♡ Thank you for putting all your effort to make all these videos! 💙