Relativity Crash Course | Ramamurti Shankar

Ramamurti Shankar
KITP & Yale
Nov 18, 2014
From Zero to c in 60 Minutes -- A Crash Course in Einstein's Relativity
Mark Twain once wrote: "It ain't what you don't know that gets you into trouble --it's what you know for sure that just ain't so." So it was that, 109 years ago, some of humanity's collective confusions were lifted when a 26-year-old Swiss patent clerk realized that something that everyone on Earth knew for sure was actually profoundly wrong. Come hear Professor Shankar get to the heart of Albert Einstein's great insight, which has been called "The most beautiful thought that anyone has ever had," using a blackboard, a piece of chalk and no equations. The only prerequisite for you: an open mind.
Professor R. Shankar is the John Randolph Huffman Professor of Physics at Yale University. A popular lecturer, his wry sense of humor and spontaneous witticisms have made him as famous as his research accomplishments and best-selling textbooks. A sample: "Many people think that, since they're going to be doctors or something, they're never going to need to know about relativity. Well, what if one of your patients starts running away from you at the speed of light? Then you really need to know this."
Video can also be found here: online.kitp.ucsb.edu

Пікірлер: 67

  • @afifakimih8823
    @afifakimih88236 жыл бұрын

    Excellent lecture!! R feynman,R shankar,L Susskind and W Lewin are the best teacher in physics of all time.

  • @bobbybannerjee5156

    @bobbybannerjee5156

    5 ай бұрын

    Sorry Richard Feynman is way overrated as a teacher. I have never understood anything from his lectures. Being a good physicist doesn't mean you'd become a good physics teacher, necessarily.

  • @Al-cynic

    @Al-cynic

    3 ай бұрын

    @@bobbybannerjee5156Have you watched Susskind? utterly impenetrable!

  • @brucehayman4206
    @brucehayman42069 жыл бұрын

    I love this guy's dry sense of humor. He is terrific.

  • @supahsekzy

    @supahsekzy

    9 жыл бұрын

    I completely agree, I watched his entire Yale lecture and he's one of the best professors I've ever seen. And completely hilarious.

  • @sajateacher

    @sajateacher

    9 жыл бұрын

    Bruce Hayman This guy should do stand up comedy.

  • @aeroteja8155

    @aeroteja8155

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@sajateacher absolutely

  • @deepcoolclear
    @deepcoolclear5 жыл бұрын

    Wish i had teachers like this would make learning so much easier

  • @MoustafaMezher
    @MoustafaMezher7 жыл бұрын

    i have been listening to Pro Shankar for more than 4 years maybe, and even he keep repeating the same jokes i still smile at them.. i love this guy

  • @MrAkashvj96
    @MrAkashvj968 жыл бұрын

    This guy is hilarious. Amazing lecture.

  • @coal2710
    @coal27107 жыл бұрын

    He oscillated and created an electromagnetic wave through this lecture.

  • @flyhelo60L
    @flyhelo60L7 жыл бұрын

    This man knows his information! Amazing!

  • @gilbertengler9064
    @gilbertengler90645 жыл бұрын

    Just excellent lectures! Physics explained as such makes me happy!

  • @mukeshkumarkannaujiya9064
    @mukeshkumarkannaujiya90646 жыл бұрын

    Glorious lecture by prof RS

  • @princemkaroundtheworld7932
    @princemkaroundtheworld79326 жыл бұрын

    This guy is absolutely good.

  • @tgylfason
    @tgylfason5 жыл бұрын

    Phenomenally fine lectures.

  • @ThyNazgul
    @ThyNazgul9 жыл бұрын

    Interesting and enjoyable.

  • @mrautistic2580
    @mrautistic25808 жыл бұрын

    great humor!

  • @sunil7137
    @sunil71373 жыл бұрын

    Great Lecture

  • @MrJesuswebes
    @MrJesuswebes8 жыл бұрын

    A genious on teaching and with a deep knowledge on physics.

  • @russellbarry3876
    @russellbarry38769 жыл бұрын

    It is great that he is advancing science, without the use of mathematics. His book on Quantum Mechanics is how I learned about him, which is a classic. I found after I received my PhD. and especially later on, mathematics becomes a crutch and then you start to forget about the physics involved. We are far from being close to having all the answers, all the branches of physics break down in a black hole, including this subject. We might have it all wrong!

  • @russellbarry3876

    @russellbarry3876

    8 жыл бұрын

    Then tell me about Tensor Analysis, used in General Rel. Do you know how to take a derivative of a tensor in curved space. Then we have Linear Algebra used in Quantum Mechanics. I have a B.S. in Math. and a M.S. in physics, please do not lecture me on Mathematics. String Theory or M theory is the best we have now! First comes the idea then the math, not the other way around. If you know Math, then let's talk about it? You obviously learned it by watching lectures online. If you can understand, 'General Relativity' by Robert M. Wald, then we can talk. I took a course that used that book, not watching some lecture online. Of course you can always use 'Spacetime and Geometry' by Sean M. Carroll, but it is a very easy book, even though it is a Graduate level book.

  • @russellbarry3876

    @russellbarry3876

    8 жыл бұрын

    If you believe Quantum Mechanics, you cannot tell what state the particle/wave was in before the measurement was made(collapse of the wave equation). Quantum Field Theory(particle physics), you get infinite's that have to be re-normalized to get rid of them. Einstein's Field Equations(Gen. Rel.) You get a constant divided by r(the distance). At a black you get another infinity. None of it works for black holes, all you get is infinite's. “Physics is Having a Nervous Breakdown” -Michio Kaku. He has a good book on 'Quantum Field Theory.' I had to get the book out of my library to remember how to spell his name. He, is at least honest! Google it. I like to open people's eyes to the fact we still do not have all the answer's. The equation's should never fail, the test of a good theory.

  • @god_damn9661

    @god_damn9661

    7 жыл бұрын

    michio KAKA

  • @imaseeker100
    @imaseeker1004 жыл бұрын

    Well done. Subscribed.

  • @brucehayman4206
    @brucehayman42069 жыл бұрын

    yeah, he is awesome.

  • @larsalfredhenrikstahlin8012
    @larsalfredhenrikstahlin80125 жыл бұрын

    awesome lecture ! I wouldn't be able to follow if i was truly new to this topic though. But that's probably rare. Took me many youtube-animation style guides and lectures like this to understand it even somewhat intuitively. Now a year later since i got into relativity and I still have trouble understanding it, lol. I haven't done any math or so though, 100% layman style just interested in science and especially physics

  • @Gouravthappa

    @Gouravthappa

    3 жыл бұрын

    with math, you really get the feel of it

  • @justiceretrohunter2
    @justiceretrohunter29 жыл бұрын

    More Shankar this guy makes me laugh while i learn :3

  • @nikhilsrivastava1931
    @nikhilsrivastava1931 Жыл бұрын

    thanks

  • @Al-cynic
    @Al-cynic3 ай бұрын

    Telomere's are the biological clocks, and they run at different speeds depending on genetics, lifestyle and environment.

  • @satyapriyadarshi93
    @satyapriyadarshi934 жыл бұрын

    i would love to see him back at his alma mater IIT Madras, India

  • @Gouravthappa

    @Gouravthappa

    3 жыл бұрын

    ohh yes, i couldnt find any of his videos in India

  • @williamwalker39
    @williamwalker399 ай бұрын

    The speed of light is actually instantaneous in the nearfield, and after about 1 wavelength, it reduces the speed of light. This is predicted from Maxwell"s equations by analyzing the propagating fields generated by an oscillation dipole source. This applies not only to the phase speed and group speed, but also the information speed of the fields. This has been experimentally confirmed by transmitting radio waves between 2 dipole antennas and measuring the time delay as the antennas are moved from the nearfield to the farfield. Both the theoretical calculation and the experimental verification has been independently confirmed by many researcher over the past 30 years. In addition, gravity has been shown to have the same behavior. This has been proven theoretically by analyzing the the propagating fields generated by an oscillating mass using General Relativity. The instantaneous nearfield was confirmed by Simone Laplace in the late 1700's from the stability of the orbits of the planets in the gravitational nearfield of the sun. The farfield speed of gravity was just confirmed to be the farfield speed of light c by Ligo. Again, this speed applies to not only the phase speed and group speed, but also the information speed. Note that for the very low frequencies, the instantaneous nearfield can extend to astronomical distances. So everything is interacting instantaneously via both gravity and light. For more information: Search William Walker Superluminal Because Special Relativity is based on light being a constant, then the Relativistic consequences of this is that effects of Special Relativity on time and space are an optical illusion. Instantaneous nearfield light yields Galilean Relativity and farfield light yields Einstein Relativity. This is because in the nearfield, gamma=1since c= infinity, and in the farfield, gamma= the Relativistic gamma since c= farfield speed of light. Since time and space are real, they can not depend on the frequency of light used. This is because c=wavelength x frequency, and 1 wavelength=c/frequency defines the nearfield from the farfield. Consequently Relativity is an optical illusion. Objects moving near the speed of light appear to contract in length and time appears to slow down, but it is just what you see using farfield light. Using nearfield light you will see that the object has not contracted and time has not changed. For more information: Search William Walker Relativity

  • @godsadog
    @godsadog7 жыл бұрын

    I now understand why Susskind likes him ;)

  • @MrAkashvj96

    @MrAkashvj96

    5 жыл бұрын

    How do you know Susskind likes him?

  • @atiqrahman6048

    @atiqrahman6048

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@MrAkashvj96 Susskind reviewed Shankar's book as follows, “Like his online lectures, Shankar's book looks excellent for teaching and learning introductory physics”.

  • @RameshKumar-ng9sj

    @RameshKumar-ng9sj

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@atiqrahman6048 where?? Can u give me the link of that video or whatever!!

  • @frankdimeglio8216
    @frankdimeglio82162 жыл бұрын

    It is generally recognized that I have mathematically unified physics. THE ULTIMATE (AND CLEAR) MATHEMATICAL UNIFICATION (AND PROOF) REGARDING PHYSICS/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE IS NOW DEMONSTRATED, AS E=MC2 IS F=MA: TIME DILATION ultimately proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. (Importantly, balance and completeness go hand in hand.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. NOW, A PHOTON may be placed at the center of WHAT IS THE SUN (as A POINT, of course); AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Indeed, ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. GREAT. Accordingly, INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=MA. GREAT !!! Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS E=mc2 is F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Consider THE MAN who is standing on what is THE EARTH/GROUND. Touch AND feeling BLEND, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Accordingly, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. Great. MOREOVER, a given PLANET (including what is THE EARTH) then sweeps out equal areas in equal times consistent WITH/AS F=ma, E=mc2, AND what is perpetual motion; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Stellar clustering ALSO proves ON BALANCE that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Objects (including WHAT IS the falling MAN) fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), as E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/energy is gravity. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. THE DOME of a PERSON'S EYE is ALSO VISIBLE. (Notice the flat AND black space of what is THE EYE.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. The sky is blue, AND the Earth is blue. THE EARTH/ground AND THE SUN are E=mc2 AND F=ma IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS UNIVERSALLY PROVEN TO BE GRAVITY in what is a mathematically unified fashion. E=mc2 IS F=ma. The middle distance in/of/AS SPACE AND the full distance in/of/AS SPACE are NECESSARILY linked AND balanced. MAGNIFICENT !!!!!!!!!! INSTANTANEITY IS thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It is ALL CLEARLY proven. Again, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GREAT. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY proven !!!!!!!! TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. GREAT !!!!!!!! BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. By Frank DiMeglio

  • @dabarckhoff
    @dabarckhoff9 жыл бұрын

    Light appears massless although bent in a gravity field. If light is projected in the light clock while moving and is massless it would have no angular velocity at all. It would seem that light energy is dissipated in its frequency rather than its speed and is the reason for the Dopler shift in light and its break down into colors as it strikes a light dispersible element as opposed to the vacuum of space.

  • @frankdimeglio8216

    @frankdimeglio8216

    2 жыл бұрын

    Here are the facts. THE ULTIMATE (AND CLEAR) MATHEMATICAL UNIFICATION (AND PROOF) REGARDING PHYSICS/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE IS NOW DEMONSTRATED, AS E=MC2 IS F=MA: TIME DILATION ultimately proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. (Importantly, balance and completeness go hand in hand.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. NOW, A PHOTON may be placed at the center of WHAT IS THE SUN (as A POINT, of course); AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Indeed, ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. GREAT. Accordingly, INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=MA. GREAT !!! Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS E=mc2 is F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Consider THE MAN who is standing on what is THE EARTH/GROUND. Touch AND feeling BLEND, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Accordingly, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. Great. MOREOVER, a given PLANET (including what is THE EARTH) then sweeps out equal areas in equal times consistent WITH/AS F=ma, E=mc2, AND what is perpetual motion; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Stellar clustering ALSO proves ON BALANCE that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Objects (including WHAT IS the falling MAN) fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), as E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/energy is gravity. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. THE DOME of a PERSON'S EYE is ALSO VISIBLE. (Notice the flat AND black space of what is THE EYE.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. The sky is blue, AND the Earth is blue. THE EARTH/ground AND THE SUN are E=mc2 AND F=ma IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS UNIVERSALLY PROVEN TO BE GRAVITY in what is a mathematically unified fashion. E=mc2 IS F=ma. The middle distance in/of/AS SPACE AND the full distance in/of/AS SPACE are NECESSARILY linked AND balanced. MAGNIFICENT !!!!!!!!!! INSTANTANEITY IS thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It is ALL CLEARLY proven. Again, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GREAT. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY proven !!!!!!!! TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. GREAT !!!!!!!! BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. By Frank DiMeglio

  • @ALeaud
    @ALeaud7 жыл бұрын

    23:08 - THERE WAS A DISTURBANCE IN SPACETIME.

  • @meowwwww6350

    @meowwwww6350

    Жыл бұрын

    Gravity waves !!!

  • @Fransamsterdam
    @Fransamsterdam8 жыл бұрын

    Why couldn't I do an experiment in the train: Let the train accelerate with 10% of the speed of light. The higher my initial speed was, the more energy it will take to get accelerated by 10% of the speed of light. For example if my initial speed was 0.9c, accelerating with 0.1c to 1.0c will take an infinite amount of energy. Or am I wrong.

  • @lumart98
    @lumart987 жыл бұрын

    Such an amazing teacher.

  • @Hythloday71
    @Hythloday719 жыл бұрын

    You say the effects of high velocity in orbit are extremely small. It is claimed it be enough to ruin GPS systems though without correction. I have seen / lay explanations for this but I am not convinced they have overturned my engineering intuition that this error is not cumulative and thus would not in itself ruin GPS.

  • @redrum41987

    @redrum41987

    9 жыл бұрын

    That has nothing to do with high velocity i.e. special relativity but has to do with the difference in gravity and general relatiivity

  • @ugowar

    @ugowar

    9 жыл бұрын

    redrum41987 Both special and general relativity are at play. It just turns out the general relativity part is a bigger effect. GPS would still drift if only GR was accounted for.

  • @c.james1

    @c.james1

    9 жыл бұрын

    ugowar Yes but the effect from SR is so small that if GR was not at play the effect would only cause an error on scale that would not be significat (i.e. less than a centremetre)

  • @Hythloday71

    @Hythloday71

    8 жыл бұрын

    No, the argument is about accumulated error over time.

  • @mukeshkumarkannaujiya9064

    @mukeshkumarkannaujiya9064

    6 жыл бұрын

    Pro Ramamurti shankar Jee I am lot of happy your lecture I have seen all lectures l have much thanks you please upload more and more lectures on the site. thanks

  • @dr_IkjyotSinghKohli
    @dr_IkjyotSinghKohli8 жыл бұрын

    Ohhh. He means special relativity.

  • @trigonzobob

    @trigonzobob

    8 жыл бұрын

    +Ikjyot Singh Kohli He touches on general relativity for a couple of minutes at 44:30

  • @pacajalbert9018
    @pacajalbert90183 жыл бұрын

    To asi každý aby mohla vzniknúť voda tam kde není musí sa zmeniť počasie príklad v Afrike a v Európe ❄ už není zima

  • @malingatembo8850
    @malingatembo88505 жыл бұрын

    you didn't get to where u are worrying about the other person

  • @Tonicwine999
    @Tonicwine9997 жыл бұрын

    The green boards were a dumb idea.

  • @abcdef2069
    @abcdef20697 жыл бұрын

    all his yale courses are half finished and half explained, all commets are disabled there. it is very hard to follow his hand writings and hand drawings.

  • @willsonbasyal7883

    @willsonbasyal7883

    6 жыл бұрын

    hey dude, i don't reply to random KZread comments that often. But You are probably just dumb! His are the most fundamentally explained lectures on Physics in all of KZread.

  • @UserAnonymus1995

    @UserAnonymus1995

    5 жыл бұрын

    +Willson Basyal hey dude, I don't reply to random KZread comments that often. But you sound like a douchebag! Get off your high horse and accept that it's ok for people to not understand some things right away and it's not a reason to call them dumb.

  • @NishantKumar-xw3lg

    @NishantKumar-xw3lg

    3 жыл бұрын

    I think there is nothing to say me because @ Wilson and @ Annie had already given you the answer I hope you would have understood !!

  • @inova11901
    @inova119012 жыл бұрын

    he's a phunny physicist!

  • @arnoldschafernaker512
    @arnoldschafernaker5122 жыл бұрын

    Thanks to caste based reservation The west is being benefitted by the superior intelligence of upper caste hindu community

  • @amongus-xq8lu

    @amongus-xq8lu

    Ай бұрын

    Well facts

  • @pacajalbert9018
    @pacajalbert90183 жыл бұрын

    Železničná doprava musí byť bez železa príklad cez oceán mudry postaví zo železa blázon 🤪 postaví železničnú dopravu bez železa cez oceán