Radioactivity (14 of 16) Carbon-14 Dating, an Explanation

This video explains the carbon-14 method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of this radioactive isotope of carbon.
Carbon has two stable non-radioactive isotopes, carbon-12 and carbon-13, and one radioactive isotope, carbon-14. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years. Because of its relatively short half-life you might expect that its concentration in the atmosphere would be reduced over thousands of years but new carbon-14 is always being produced in the upper atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays, neutrons and nitrogen-14 atoms. Therefore the concentration of carbon-14 in the atmosphere is relatively constant.
Plants and animals have the same concentration of carbon-14 as the atmosphere because they are constantly exchanging it with their environment. When they die, the carbon-14 in their bodies continues to decay, but they are no longer able to take up new carbon-14 and the concentration of carbon-14 in their bodies decreases. Knowing the concentration of carbon-14 at the time of death and the concentration of carbon-14 some time (t) after death enables you to determine how long it has been since the plant or animal died.
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Пікірлер: 90

  • @jermainechambers9600
    @jermainechambers9600 Жыл бұрын

    I am amazed at how you make concepts this easy to understand. Keep up the excellent work

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks, will do!

  • @jeffharrison1090
    @jeffharrison10902 жыл бұрын

    Boy, this was the best and clearest explanation of Carbon dating! Thanks so much!!!

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    2 жыл бұрын

    You're very welcome! Thanks for the positive comment.

  • @robertbelcher2116
    @robertbelcher21164 жыл бұрын

    Anthropology professors like me are smiling for your doing this!!! A topic that I am not proficient in.

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    4 жыл бұрын

    Great, thanks for watching and commenting.

  • @MiaGiselleful
    @MiaGiselleful3 жыл бұрын

    Thank you! 🙏 I FINALLY understand thanks to your explanation!

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    3 жыл бұрын

    That's great, glad it helped!

  • @alecdoyle1563
    @alecdoyle15632 жыл бұрын

    Wow this is amazing I’m using this for agricultural reasons for my feedings. Blast off! Boom atmospheric love is in the air. Great Star got me interested immediately your great man. ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️ I’ll be here for agriculture reasons this helps use break down lower particles

  • @sofiacrespo490
    @sofiacrespo490 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much for the wonderful explanation, it’s so clear and detailed 🙏

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    Жыл бұрын

    Glad it was helpful. Thanks for the nice comment.

  • @bt..125
    @bt..1252 жыл бұрын

    It's an amazing video, I slept in my class when this topic was going on and I missed it so I looked on yt and found your vdo and now I have understood each and every concept of it, thank you so much

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    2 жыл бұрын

    I'm so glad you found my channel!

  • @geoffphillips8183
    @geoffphillips8183 Жыл бұрын

    A vid for all science students to see, thanks. Very well explained!😀

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    Жыл бұрын

    Glad you enjoyed it! Thanks for the nice comment.

  • @minhhainguyen2671
    @minhhainguyen26712 жыл бұрын

    extremely excellent teaching!. thank you so much.

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    2 жыл бұрын

    You're very welcome and thanks for watching!

  • @luceromausolff6997
    @luceromausolff69972 жыл бұрын

    Great visual explanation. I wish you reach your viewers. Good luck. Thans for doing this video very interesting

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thanks so much and best wishes

  • @tri0nyx
    @tri0nyx Жыл бұрын

    This deserves a like.

  • @siddhantsrivastava5697
    @siddhantsrivastava56976 ай бұрын

    loved this explanation!

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    6 ай бұрын

    So glad, thank you!

  • @blessedbeliever8725
    @blessedbeliever87255 ай бұрын

    Wow, I have no idea what you said but I am happy that you provided an example because no one was doing that and for the life of me, I couldn’t figure out how someone would be able to determine how much C14 there was originally- when the person, animal, or plant died. You at least explained it even though after one viewing I have no idea what you said. I will go back over and try to break it down slowly, so maybe I will get it later. Thanks a bunch….I will subscribe.

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    5 ай бұрын

    Glad this was helpful and I hope the explanation is clear now.

  • @latino.raptor
    @latino.raptor2 жыл бұрын

    Thanks! really great!

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    2 жыл бұрын

    Glad you liked it!

  • @Sika457
    @Sika4574 ай бұрын

    I like this video. Well done sir.

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    4 ай бұрын

    Thanks for the positive comment.

  • @choyou3932
    @choyou39323 жыл бұрын

    Great content!

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    3 жыл бұрын

    Thanks very much!

  • @mazharpec3255
    @mazharpec32557 ай бұрын

    Respected sir, well explained , excellent job done

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    7 ай бұрын

    So nice of you, thanks!

  • @mazharpec3255
    @mazharpec32553 жыл бұрын

    Sir thanks you very much for your kindness

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    3 жыл бұрын

    You're very welcome.

  • @heathercostantini8755
    @heathercostantini8755 Жыл бұрын

    I have always wondered why the carbon 14 would decay at a different rate in the stuff that was being measured ... thank you so much for this wonderful explanation. How do we know that the carbon 14 concentration was the same 60k years ago as it is now? Could the amount of cosmic rays change?

  • @MannyGarcia78209
    @MannyGarcia782095 ай бұрын

    Great job

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    5 ай бұрын

    Thanks so much and best wishes

  • @leo_27_
    @leo_27_ Жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    Жыл бұрын

    You're most welcome

  • @ItumelengMotlana
    @ItumelengMotlana9 ай бұрын

    Awesome 👌

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    9 ай бұрын

    Thanks!

  • @vaibhavchari
    @vaibhavchari2 жыл бұрын

    Very good explanation Please make a video on artificial radioactivity. Th. You

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thanks, will try

  • @mephiz1919
    @mephiz19194 жыл бұрын

    I like the step by step process you presented. Clear and to the point. Keep it up. One question I have is can I speed up the number of C 14 lost by increasing or decreasing pressure, temperature? Water content? Exposure to UV rays? Microwaves?

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    4 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for the comment. I do not think that you can really change the decay rate.

  • @mephiz1919

    @mephiz1919

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@stepbystepscience How come? If the molecular structure is weakened, shouldn't the sample lose carbon faster?

  • @fatimamohammed586

    @fatimamohammed586

    3 жыл бұрын

    It is completely impossible to change the half-life of an isotope. Unlike chemical reactions whose speed (The rate at which they occur) is affected by factors such as temperature, pressure, concentration, or catalysts, half-lives (speeds of nuclear reactions) aren't affected by such factors and are always fixed or constant.

  • @mephiz1919

    @mephiz1919

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@fatimamohammed586 I see your point and thank you for your explanation. I guess I didn't write it better. What I mean is at a fixed rate, say for example you put out one box on the assembly line a second. You use a certain amount of resources to make the boxes until you run out and then you are done with your shift. When I said increase or decrease the half life, I probably meant, can you speed up the breakdown process and ultimately turn the material to dust via its molecular structure breaking apart? In relation to the box example, you are not making bigger or smaller boxes, rather something or someone helps you make 20 boxes a sec, but the material per box is exactly the same, meaning the half life is the same, but you finish your shift sooner, meaning the material breaks down faster than if it was in the dark, away from sunlight, high heat, erosion, oxidation, acids and bases, etc. I meant to say there are other factors that break the material faster and that exposes the inner material to the elements sooner, thus they add more "workers" to start breaking down the inner material, thus the material looks older, or younger, depending on the circumstances and what we are used of seeing when seeing something old or young. Even if the half life stays the same, the material does not meet our expectations of what we think of as old or young looking. That is what I meant to address, but it seems we are on the same page.

  • @aharon6035

    @aharon6035

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@mephiz1919 did you ever get an answer to this question you posed them?

  • @basharatkhan7290
    @basharatkhan72902 жыл бұрын

    very nice

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thanks!

  • @nadivkatulanda
    @nadivkatulanda5 жыл бұрын

    Thankyou!!!!

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    5 жыл бұрын

    You are very welcome.

  • @richardcoterie8091
    @richardcoterie80912 жыл бұрын

    Never gonna give you up.

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    2 жыл бұрын

    I'll try to never let you down!

  • @dr.khaldounsalmanabualhin
    @dr.khaldounsalmanabualhin3 жыл бұрын

    Thanks

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    3 жыл бұрын

    You're welcome, thanks for watching.

  • @danielrushing4702
    @danielrushing47027 ай бұрын

    I am wondering how you would get value of n (0) for any thing else? Good work on the video btw.

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    7 ай бұрын

    The charge on a neutron is zero.

  • @Cloxygen
    @Cloxygen3 жыл бұрын

    How are you getting the measurements from the carbon samples? Also how are you able to tell how many neutrons each atom has?

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    3 жыл бұрын

    The number of neutrons is determined by smashing atoms together in a particle accelerator. I am not sure what you mean by measurements from the carbon samples, but this can be done with a mass spectrometer.

  • @fatimamohammed586

    @fatimamohammed586

    3 жыл бұрын

    This is given information

  • @zefallafez
    @zefallafez2 жыл бұрын

    What’s the delineation of the common era and before the common era?

  • @happyface4711
    @happyface47114 жыл бұрын

    I'm a ged student that got curious about this subject and I'm over here like 0-0 this is not where I belong lol but seriously good video I was understanding it until you did the math. It shows me how much I need to learn.

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    4 жыл бұрын

    You take your time and try to go through it step by step and you'll get it.

  • @happyface4711

    @happyface4711

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@stepbystepscience ya but I gotta look up how to do all that math 🤣🤣🤣

  • @happyface4711

    @happyface4711

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@stepbystepscience thankyou for the encouraging words

  • @markovnikovchung9152
    @markovnikovchung91524 жыл бұрын

    I would like to know how do you get 1 gram of carbon sample from the dead pharaoh? And how are you going to measure the number of C14 atoms in that 1 gram of carbon sample to get N(t)?

  • @AMBIN-tt8wi

    @AMBIN-tt8wi

    2 жыл бұрын

    all living organism has the same carbon 14 composition in the body.

  • @ashtonGM2550
    @ashtonGM25503 жыл бұрын

    the amount of initial amount of C-14 *(N0) is equal for all plants and people and objects?

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    3 жыл бұрын

    For all organic matter.

  • @KevinChantal

    @KevinChantal

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@stepbystepscience And in the example: How do I get the initial value of N (0) ? (5,02×10^10 C14)

  • @danielrushing4702

    @danielrushing4702

    7 ай бұрын

    @@KevinChantal this is a good question i was wondering generally how you would get n (0)

  • @t13fox67
    @t13fox672 жыл бұрын

    Does the co2 stay in the body's tissue or in the lungs as we breathe it in and out?

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    2 жыл бұрын

    The carbon-14 stays in your body tissue.

  • @t13fox67

    @t13fox67

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@stepbystepscience thank you. This has been interesting series, even though I'm 70 years old, I still like nuclear physics.

  • @mazharpec3255
    @mazharpec32553 жыл бұрын

    Kindly share link for maths

  • @obedd3740
    @obedd37404 жыл бұрын

    Why 5730 years?

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    4 жыл бұрын

    Because that is the measured half-life of carbon-14.

  • @sunilpachwane5186
    @sunilpachwane5186 Жыл бұрын

    After absorption of neutron how does it remains 14it should be 15

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes, it absorbs a neutron but then emits a proton so the pass number stays the same (14) and the atomic number goes down by one, from 7 to 6. Does that clear it up for you?

  • @sunilpachwane5186

    @sunilpachwane5186

    Жыл бұрын

    Ok sir 👍

  • @miraclechisom4148
    @miraclechisom41484 жыл бұрын

    Chemistry

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    4 жыл бұрын

    nuclear chemistry

  • @chandansingh4443
    @chandansingh44433 жыл бұрын

    Nuclear robot mom's daddy in galaxy...c

  • @orchid28
    @orchid28 Жыл бұрын

    Uhhhhhh 😵‍💫😑😬🙄 why don’t you explain that in English?! Not everyone is gonna understand that equation!!! So, how exactly do you carbon date inanimate objects like rock or Earth… samples from moon??????

  • @ToYouther
    @ToYouther3 жыл бұрын

    Thanks

  • @stepbystepscience

    @stepbystepscience

    3 жыл бұрын

    Welcome