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Profunda Femoris Artery Anatomy Animation : USMLE Step 1 Review
The profunda femoris artery, also known as the deep femoral artery, is a significant branch of the femoral artery that plays a crucial role in supplying blood to the thigh region. Understanding its anatomical structure is important for various medical and surgical interventions.
I. Origin and Course
The profunda femoris artery arises from the lateral side of the femoral artery in the femoral triangle, just deep to the inguinal ligament. It travels downward and medially within the posterior compartment of the thigh.
II. Branches
Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery (LCFA): This artery typically arises from the profunda femoris artery, but can occasionally come directly from the femoral artery. It further divides into ascending, transverse, and descending branches, supplying the lateral and anterior regions of the thigh.
Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery (MCFA): Usually originates from the profunda femoris artery, but may occasionally arise directly from the femoral artery. The MCFA is particularly important as it contributes substantially to the blood supply of the head and neck of the femur.
Perforating Arteries: Usually, there are three or four perforating arteries which perforate the adductor magnus muscle to supply the posterior compartment of the thigh. They contribute to the formation of the cruciate anastomosis.
III. Anastomosis
The profunda femoris artery contributes to the crucial cruciate anastomosis. This network of arteries at the back of the thigh allows collateral circulation to the lower limb if the blood supply is obstructed from the femoral artery.
IV. Clinical Significance
Knowledge of the profunda femoris artery and its branches is vital for surgical procedures involving the thigh and hip. Its injury can lead to significant bleeding. Moreover, occlusion of MCFA may cause avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
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