" PRESIDENT KENNEDY'S FINAL HOUR " DALLAS, TEXAS NOV. 22, 1963 HOME MOVIES OF JFK MOTORCADE 97765

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Abraham Zapruder wasn't the only person with an 8mm camera in Dallas on November 22, 1963. Many other citizens filmed the arrival of President John F. Kennedy and his wife at Love Field, up until the tragic events in Dealey Plaza. Created by an obscure producer named "Dallas Cinema Associates" (DCA), and sold as a somewhat macabre souvenir, this 8mm film "President Kennedy's Final Hour" combines footage shot by a number of different amateur cameramen and camerawomen. The film was the inspiration of a man named Wyman Parr, who himself had filmed footage that day. Parr managed to get in touch with many other people who shot footage that day and made an agreement with them to form DCA and split the profits from this film. The group eventually included almost twenty individuals including Rudy Brenk, Bryant Boren, Mrs. Frances Hayes (whose husband shot footage), George Shawver, Dick Allen, Hazel Gooch, Jule Spiegel, John Martin, Jr., George Kincaid, Allen Rhodes, Albert Bunell, Joe Brown, C.W. Gray, Earl Mester, Dr. Howard Siegler, Irving Gewertz, Larry Thomas and Charles Mentensana. It's not known if the venture was profitable, but it did attract the attention of the U.S. government as a memo has emerged indicating that these individuals were all to be interviewed by federal agents (except for John Martin, who apparently was interviewed prior to the film's release).
The movie traces the presidential motorcade's path through Dallas, up until the point it enters Dealey Plaza. A brief title card at the end of the movie states that "This film...is a true pictorial account of November 22, 1963 and its aftermath. It's purposes is not to minimize nor enlarge upon the horrors of the tragedy, but to simply show the President's final hour as he experienced it." The film doesn't contain any footage of the assassination itself -- the Zapruder film wouldn't be shown in public until 1969 -- but it does show images from a day or two later starting at (9:16), with wreaths and flowers being placed, and citizens in mourning lining the streets. At (10:43) are images of the Dallas Municipal Court Bldg (old Dallas City Hall), apparently filmed moments after Lee Harvey Oswald was shot by Jack Ruby.
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This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD, 2k and 4k. For more information visit www.PeriscopeFilm.com

Пікірлер: 128

  • @johnvsymons
    @johnvsymons10 ай бұрын

    Watching this video immediately transported me back to that day. I was a third grader in school that afternoon in Rhode Island. Our teacher wouldn't tell us what had happened but we knew something was wrong as she was called out of the classroom by the principal and returned crying and looking shocked. We heard rumors on the school bus going home but didn't really know what had happened until we got home. It truly was a different world back then. American society was so much different than today's society. We "lost our innocence" that day and were forever changed as a country. Thanks for posting this moving video.

  • @frederickrapp5396

    @frederickrapp5396

    8 ай бұрын

    Your teacher was grossly negligent in not telling you the awful news. And I mean GROSSLY NEGLIGENT. Like you, I was in 3rd grade, but unlike you, my teacher informed us all immediately. As 3rd graders, we were old enough to be told, and we deserved to be told. Again, I don’t know what your teacher was thinking in withholding the horrible news from Dallas. She should have been severely reprimanded for her GROSS NEGLIGENCE.

  • @hildeschmid8400

    @hildeschmid8400

    7 ай бұрын

    I was in 3rd grade, and our principal announced it on the PA system.

  • @57highland

    @57highland

    7 ай бұрын

    ​​@@hildeschmid8400I was in first grade, age six. We didn't have a PA in our school, so, as in many other schools, the principal came to our door and told our teacher the awful news. And she told us, though I can't remember her exact words or if she looked upset. I imagine she did. It's just so hard to remember with any clarity. When I got home, I found that my mother didn't know. That was because a friend had stopped in, and they were having coffee, and when having a conversation in the kitchen, it was my mother's habit to go into the living room and turn the TV volume down to silence, so the TV couldn't distract from the conversation. I told them, mom and the other lady; they didn't believe me, of course. They thought that one of the older kids had fed me a "tall tale" as older kids do, or used to do, with younger ones. I told her no, it wasn't one of the big kids, it was Mrs. Smith, the teacher, who told us; she told all of us, the whole class. They stopped smiling, got up suddenly from their chairs, and hurried into the living room, where my mother turned the TV back up, and there it all was.

  • @HeavyJ713

    @HeavyJ713

    7 ай бұрын

    It must have been a similar feeling to what my generation experienced on 9/11

  • @57highland

    @57highland

    7 ай бұрын

    @@HeavyJ713 Similar in some ways, different in others.

  • @mattmay7109
    @mattmay71098 ай бұрын

    Our nation is still paying the price for him being taken away in the manner in which he was. Even for all of his flaws, and there were many, he also had tremendous gifts. He had such promise and hope for America and for the world. We will never see his likes again. He was a once in a lifetime kind of leader. Rest peacefully Mr. President. America is better off for having you as our leader even if only for a short while.

  • @bryanjoecruz47
    @bryanjoecruz478 ай бұрын

    60 years have passed since the world lost a great leader. Rest in Peace President John F. Kennedy 🙏🙏

  • @ellennewth6305
    @ellennewth63058 ай бұрын

    Such a sad day. I was 10 years old and had been born in Brookline, MA like John F. Kennedy. I could not believe our young, handsome president was gone.

  • @TruthPortals

    @TruthPortals

    7 ай бұрын

    I was also 10. Old enough to recognize the impact of this day. It is still fresh.

  • @cbraunsteins
    @cbraunsteins8 ай бұрын

    This day shocked all the world. I am Brazilian but I feel like he was our president. A tragic day for the democratic world. Today this tragedy makes 60 years.

  • @decioczt1

    @decioczt1

    8 ай бұрын

    Nosso presidente? Pois foi no governo dele que foi tramado o golpe militar no Brasil em 1964. Não exagere.

  • @peterkozak1291

    @peterkozak1291

    7 ай бұрын

    Very very sad for America yes 60 years ago when president John Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas Texas and on November 22 / 1963 REST IN PEACE I PRAY every day and USSR WAS BEHIND ASSASSINATION and Moscow " USSR or CCCP " and nothing changed since 1963 " Cold war and President John Kennedy gave Soviets ultimatum " take nuclear weapons from " CUBA and Fidel Castro son of the bitch " KGB agent Putin now talking BS every day and American people must wake up because this is Bolsheviks propaganda long time ago since collapse of the USSR OR CCCP 1991 nothing changed since Berlin wall collapsed in November/ 1989 ...I know true story but I can not speak publicly about what happened in November 22 / 1963 why Harvey Oswald was killed right away next day because they silenced him and for 60 years nobody talking truth I pray for America and I was in Rome in 1981 when USSR or CCCP EVIL EMPIRE was behind assassination attempt on Late John Paul second Polish Pope John Paul second survived assassination attempt and people must wake up now America must wake up because OBAMA ADMINISTRATION AND BIDEN criminals they destroyed America and now BS everything is very very sad because what next year is election in America 2024 and Criminals bastards Putin saying BS blaming America Jewish ugly Zelensky is criminal why nobody talking about everything truth I understand that the whole world must wake up we are living in the world all lies and corruptions for decades " GOD BLESS AMERICA FOREVER AND EVER AMEN

  • @wmalden
    @wmalden8 ай бұрын

    I had just turned 7 two days before but I remember this tragic day in American history vividly. It will remain in my memory until the day I die. 🇺🇸

  • @danpatterson8009
    @danpatterson80098 ай бұрын

    I was five. I remember my family watching the funeral procession on our little black-and-white TV. I remember the horse-drawn caisson, the muffled drums, and tears rolling down my mother's cheeks.

  • @donnaqueen8766
    @donnaqueen87668 ай бұрын

    One of the greatest presidents we've ever had!!! I'll always remember that sad tragic day!! RIP JFK

  • @R32R38
    @R32R388 ай бұрын

    It was the last time any president rode in an open-topped vehicle.

  • @larrysproul9424

    @larrysproul9424

    7 ай бұрын

    It was a brutal lesson for our entire country . So very young and so much talent and taken from us so soon .

  • @wanrapea
    @wanrapea5 ай бұрын

    Thank you for sharing this video. It is a beautiful tribute to President Kennedy. I found it both uplifting & calming, to my spirit, at the same time. Politicians rarely inspire & encourage us, to be more than we are. That is a rare trait.

  • @chellefell1331
    @chellefell13318 ай бұрын

    It is time. Time for someone young again who will actually listen.

  • @hourbee5535
    @hourbee55358 ай бұрын

    I love the cars and fashion of the era. Back when America was great.

  • @kc4cvh

    @kc4cvh

    8 ай бұрын

    Cars of that era were carelessly assembled, dangerous, maintenance intensive, unreliable, inefficient and dirty. It must have been the styling which made them great.

  • @tholmes2169

    @tholmes2169

    8 ай бұрын

    @@kc4cvhA man or woman with average intelligence could keep one running indefinitely and while they required more maintenance the parts were made to be rebuilt rather than thrown away. If properly in tune they were not much dirtier than cars made 30 years later. Granted rust proofing wasn’t what it is was later but outside of that issue I have had a number of cars from the era and they are much more enjoyable to drive and live with.

  • @joecorr1853

    @joecorr1853

    8 ай бұрын

    @@tholmes2169 They had character too. Nowadays cars are basically disposable. No aesthetics really just gadgets and gizmos in a tin can.

  • @johnp139

    @johnp139

    8 ай бұрын

    When racism was prominent?

  • @captlazer5509

    @captlazer5509

    8 ай бұрын

    ​@kc4cvh had and have seen 1960's vehicles as daily drivers now. Older vehicles are safer than getting on a brand new motorcycle or even new vehicles like a Miata convertible.

  • @Sam_Eassa
    @Sam_Eassa Жыл бұрын

    An amazing story and film. Thanks for posting.

  • @PeriscopeFilm

    @PeriscopeFilm

    Жыл бұрын

    Glad you enjoyed it! And thanks for being a supporter on Patreon & for all the wonderful films you've given us!

  • @peterrusso6062
    @peterrusso60624 ай бұрын

    Watching this film bring back November 22, 1963 when I was in first grade. Seeing Oswald getting shot in the Dallas Police Station on November 24, 1963.

  • @adrianatamura5672
    @adrianatamura56728 ай бұрын

    May He (JFK) Rest In Heavenly Peace ☮️, Amen 🙏

  • @MatthewBaumgarten
    @MatthewBaumgarten8 ай бұрын

    The security was terrible for president Kennedy once he landed in Dallas, tx on 11:22:63

  • @dorothyculbertson5640
    @dorothyculbertson56408 ай бұрын

    Thank you ❤ Happy Thanksgiving to you and your family, and everyone else ❤️ we have a lot to be thankful for , even in these crazy times.

  • @Lunafalls
    @Lunafalls8 ай бұрын

    Can you imagine ANY modern President drawing crowds of excited, admiring citizenry like that?

  • @PeriscopeFilm

    @PeriscopeFilm

    8 ай бұрын

    Reagan drew even bigger crowds.

  • @Lunafalls

    @Lunafalls

    8 ай бұрын

    @@PeriscopeFilm No he didn’t.

  • @lisasdfwhightechworld9946

    @lisasdfwhightechworld9946

    7 ай бұрын

    Dallasites were blamed for the assassination despite all the cheering crowds.

  • @ameliareaganwright2758

    @ameliareaganwright2758

    10 күн бұрын

    Yes; I can: President Donald John Trump.

  • @Lunafalls

    @Lunafalls

    10 күн бұрын

    @@ameliareaganwright2758 Um -- No, not quite an entire city full. Kennedy's motorcade route was lined thick for miles. But Trump does pretty well. 😑

  • @user-yz7zu9yh7u
    @user-yz7zu9yh7u2 ай бұрын

    I was 3 years old when President Kennedy was killed. I discovered his legacy in 5th grade. My teacher and my first mentor Mrs. Baker was a Kennedy fan. I became fascinated by his short life and untimely death. His words Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country Inspired me to join the U.S. Army some 15 years after his death. I am now 64 years old. I never regretted my decision to serve my country for 8 years. Thank you Mr. President. R.I.P.

  • @itsgleneaton4883
    @itsgleneaton48838 ай бұрын

    So far that was the last glimpse of a great America but the only question is are we going to go wherever we’re told or are we going to carry that torch as individuals and as a civilization. You don’t need to be a president to inspire people you can do it right where you stand.

  • @josephdebaun9110
    @josephdebaun91108 ай бұрын

    I was a 4th grader at Tincher elementary in Long Beach, calif. I was starting to walk home during the lunch break when a ex-classmate told me about Kennedy. When I walked back to school it was very quiet.

  • @andrewmkopnicky4921
    @andrewmkopnicky49212 ай бұрын

    I will never forget this day as long as I live. I was 11 years old and in 5th grade.

  • @chuckersimsII
    @chuckersimsII8 ай бұрын

    I love John F Kennedy great president we lost a great leader the best 😊

  • @nancymoule6317
    @nancymoule63177 ай бұрын

    I was in 2nd grade. What a terrible loss. Rest in peace JFK.

  • @reneedennis2011
    @reneedennis20118 ай бұрын

    Thank you for this video.

  • @berniecioffoletti3398
    @berniecioffoletti33987 ай бұрын

    Oh boy, the background music adds to the sadness of the day. I was five at the time, walking home from school that day, and wondered why it appeared so different and quiet - little did I know😢

  • @billcoffey1062
    @billcoffey10624 ай бұрын

    What a President! A man of truth and compassion,integrity,intelligence, curiosity, and courage. Greatest speech was the Peace speech at American University. A man for the people and fairness not corporations and unfairness.

  • @stephenmartin2737
    @stephenmartin27378 ай бұрын

    What a senseless killing of great president and human being, much respect from ireland !!!

  • @glengrieve544
    @glengrieve5445 ай бұрын

    Rest in eternal peace President John Fitzgerald Kennedy 😢❤😢

  • @subadrasankaran4148
    @subadrasankaran41488 ай бұрын

    When ever watching this i am crying fate was very cruel ro this nice man

  • @highflyingbird6467
    @highflyingbird64678 ай бұрын

    An entire nations traumatic moment of realization that the powers of our own government could destroy from within? Thank you C.I.A. and the then vice president, 60 years on this still stinks.

  • @aaronz7056

    @aaronz7056

    7 ай бұрын

    All credible evidence points to Lee Harvey Oswald.

  • @lisabradford8180
    @lisabradford81807 ай бұрын

    JFK. Icon💖

  • @danperlmutter
    @danperlmutter8 ай бұрын

    It's hard to believe that former President Drumpf also held the same position that this great man held. This is what a real leader and American looks like.

  • @finchborat

    @finchborat

    8 ай бұрын

    And back when we had a real, authentic Catholic in the WH unlike the current occupant that's Catholic in name only.

  • @davidhudson5452
    @davidhudson54528 ай бұрын

    I remember

  • @willielittle9301
    @willielittle93019 күн бұрын

    After 60 years...the SS still has an issue ensuring all buildings and windows in the rally area and parade routes are adequately occupied and secured when protecting the president...The SS should either hire more personnel or use additional military security services personnel when handling large events...

  • @your_royal_highness
    @your_royal_highness8 ай бұрын

    Sure as sh*t seems crazy now to see a president so exposed to the public. Mindboggling really. I was almost 12 that day. My generation’s 9/11.

  • @jasonlinton9902
    @jasonlinton990216 күн бұрын

    Look at what we had then as a leader and look at what we have now

  • @janiewallick0589
    @janiewallick05898 ай бұрын

    It was not profitable This is my dad's film with other 8mm filmographers.. Bryant C. Boren

  • @PeriscopeFilm

    @PeriscopeFilm

    8 ай бұрын

    That's amazing ... can you share any other information about your Dad and his experience with the producers of this sort. (We wrote a whole blog entry about this movie at Patreon.com/Periscopefilm and would love to know more about its history).

  • @richardcoronado4081
    @richardcoronado40818 ай бұрын

    The biggest American tragedy to happen before 9/11.

  • @peterfraser9070
    @peterfraser90704 ай бұрын

    It is such a shame that President Kennedy didn't have his secret service agents closer to him during those fateful moments, or that the SS hadn't sprung into action upon hearing a louder-than-usual backfire or firecracker - just in case it was a rifle shot. It may not have prevented the 2nd shot, but maybe would have prevented the 3rd. I think considering what little reaction there was to that 1st shot, it must have blended in somewhat with the backfires that apparently witnesses said were happening from the motorcycles during that turn onto Elm St.

  • @ashleyratliff7919
    @ashleyratliff79198 ай бұрын

    Why background noise??

  • @lightdark00
    @lightdark0010 ай бұрын

    Why is this still private/hidden?

  • @davidhudson5452

    @davidhudson5452

    8 ай бұрын

    Good question trust your government they dont lie

  • @richardjimenez7394
    @richardjimenez7394Ай бұрын

    I remember when it happened.

  • @davidarbuckle7236
    @davidarbuckle72363 ай бұрын

    A Motorcade without an advance team, 6 Limos without tops. 30 Secret Service agents, half of whom got tanked at a bar called the Cellar in Fort Worth the night before. A Parade Route that made a dogleg turn directly in front of a building with wide open windows. Staffed with an X Marine who had attempted to defect to the USSR who was known to the CIA and FBI and certainly the Secret Service. Shot in the back, in the neck, and through the head, and then was unceremoniously taken out of Texas in a flurry at Gunpoint with the Limo (the crime scene) to have an autopsy done by two rookie forensic Pathologists who burned their notes. And later a flawed WR decided that it was the work of a lone shooter and there was nothing to see.

  • @stddisclaimer8020

    @stddisclaimer8020

    Ай бұрын

    @davidarbuckle7236 The motorcade HAD to turn onto Houston Street, then onto Elm Street in order to get on the Stemmons Freeway and arrive at the planned luncheon at the Trade Mart. JFK was never shot "in the neck," the bullet (Oswald's 2nd shot) exited his throat. The Bethesda autopsists were not "rookies". Drs. Humes & Boswell had done thousands of autopsies, though not many in the way of trauma. However, Dr Finck was trained in forensic pathology and had done hundreds of autopsies involving weapons and gunshot wounds. Dr. Humes recreated his original blood-contaminated notes. Stop recycling nonsense you pick up in discredited pro-conspiracy books.

  • @DougGrinbergs
    @DougGrinbergs8 ай бұрын

    3:29 we'd have heard if these cameraman had footage around the time of the shooting 6:06 White House press Continental Trailways motorcoach 7:54 depository

  • @ontargetthomunclesam3926
    @ontargetthomunclesam39267 ай бұрын

    If he wasn't assassinated then there would be no Vietnam war and my friend would still be alive

  • @susanworrell8141
    @susanworrell81418 ай бұрын

    Lose the music!!

  • @lightdark00
    @lightdark0010 ай бұрын

    You got to wonder why they ever thought it was a good idea to just drive around like that.

  • @Nosferata138

    @Nosferata138

    8 ай бұрын

    It was a different world back then.

  • @isaaclowe7212

    @isaaclowe7212

    8 ай бұрын

    ​​@@Nosferata138And right after.

  • @janiewallick0589
    @janiewallick05892 ай бұрын

    Not sure it was theirs to share

  • @ashleyratliff7919
    @ashleyratliff79198 ай бұрын

    10:38

  • @joshuagibson2520

    @joshuagibson2520

    8 ай бұрын

    New world of law!

  • @johnp139
    @johnp1398 ай бұрын

    Why is the video so choppy? Can’t you fix this?

  • @PeriscopeFilm

    @PeriscopeFilm

    8 ай бұрын

    The film is presented as it was originally shown.

  • @johnp139

    @johnp139

    8 ай бұрын

    @@PeriscopeFilmI think that you messed up on the digitization. Did you have the film or video of the film? It’s not that difficult to fix it by identifying identical frames, eliminating them, and then equally dispersing them along that same time period.

  • @johnp139

    @johnp139

    8 ай бұрын

    @@PeriscopeFilmSo you blatantly copy someone else’s work and claim copyright for yourself without doing anything significant to improve it?

  • @PeriscopeFilm

    @PeriscopeFilm

    8 ай бұрын

    Yes, we own the original 8mm film@@johnp139 You have to remember that 8mm amateur cameras may have been operated at various speeds ranging from 8 frames per second up to 18 or even 24 frames per second; our scan is at 18 frames per second.

  • @JavierValverde-dw7cy

    @JavierValverde-dw7cy

    8 ай бұрын

    ​@@johnp139Periscope Films owns this film. He's not stealing anything.

  • @user-eo9ie7zn9p
    @user-eo9ie7zn9p6 ай бұрын

    Daddy alert. W/ Jack. 😢🎉🎉🎉 JMNWGN

  • @winnifredforbes1114
    @winnifredforbes11148 ай бұрын

    Why was he in Dallas in the first place? Never could figure that out!😪🇨🇦

  • @porico51

    @porico51

    8 ай бұрын

    With an election in a year, he was trying to help win votes in a tossup state. He barely won Texas in 60 and it would be close again.

  • @JavierValverde-dw7cy

    @JavierValverde-dw7cy

    8 ай бұрын

    Winnifred, he was there because Lyndon Johnson convinced him to go there to campaign for the 1964 Election. Texas was controlled by Johnson and he helped in the assassination of the President.

  • @baribach8701

    @baribach8701

    8 ай бұрын

    Vice president LBJ wanted JFK to go to Texas to strengthen relations with Southern Democrats. LBJ what's also in that procession of cars

  • @winnifredforbes1114

    @winnifredforbes1114

    8 ай бұрын

    @@baribach8701 Thank you!😇

  • @JavierValverde-dw7cy

    @JavierValverde-dw7cy

    8 ай бұрын

    @@baribach8701 The official story but the official story doesn't say the real reason why Johnson wanted Kennedy in Dallas

  • @ameliareaganwright2758
    @ameliareaganwright275810 күн бұрын

    Music is way, way too loud!

  • @arthurberman-MFTS
    @arthurberman-MFTS4 ай бұрын

    We need to recover from this coup & return to Camelot, RFK Jr in 2024!

  • @Davelakful
    @Davelakful8 ай бұрын

    Final hour and video 12 minutes long? Stopped watching at 50 seconds long enough for me type this.

  • @robertbates6249
    @robertbates62497 ай бұрын

    why did have to die?

  • @mond000
    @mond0008 ай бұрын

    Hmmm....11/22...11+22=33

  • @tomloft2000

    @tomloft2000

    8 ай бұрын

    A+

  • @jefflebowski918
    @jefflebowski9188 ай бұрын

    The Secret Service wanted Kennedy to put the top up but Kennedy said "no", the Secret Service wanted to go straight but Kennedy said make a right in front of the book depository. If he listened to them he would of survived.

  • @porico51

    @porico51

    8 ай бұрын

    The way I read about why they took the route to Elm St, you could only get on the Stemmons Fwy from Elm to get to the trademart. No entrance off Main.

  • @harrycallahan8573

    @harrycallahan8573

    8 ай бұрын

    The top would not have made any difference it was only plexiglass not bullet proof glass as many people believe.

  • @57highland

    @57highland

    8 ай бұрын

    The president did not determine the route. That was worked out between the Dallas police and the Secret Service. The route was published in the Dallas newspapers three days prior, on Nov. 19.

  • @OSTARAEB4

    @OSTARAEB4

    8 ай бұрын

    What would The President know about the TSBD or any other building in Dallas or city he visits? The Secret Service coordinates with the local police department to determine routes. Yes, Kennedy wanted to be close to the people. If you’re familiar with Dallas, there is no access from Main Street to the Stemons Freeway from Main Street making the turn on Elm necessary for access just beyond the triple overpass.

  • @fytghggyungf7601
    @fytghggyungf76018 ай бұрын

    Put your hands on me John F. Kennedy I'll make you squeal baby As long as you pay me (oh)

  • @Maxfr8
    @Maxfr88 ай бұрын

    Kennedy smooved through Dealey Plaza just like we knew. Suddenly, his head got turned in to a canoe. 💥🔥💥👁👁

  • @davidstein1376
    @davidstein137624 күн бұрын

    We can do without the bullshit soundtrack, thank you. Grow up.

  • @richardcoronado4081
    @richardcoronado40818 ай бұрын

    The biggest American tragedy to happen before 9/11.

  • @PeriscopeFilm

    @PeriscopeFilm

    8 ай бұрын

    You mean vs. Pearl Harbor, Antietam, or the Paoli Massacre?

  • @tomloft2000

    @tomloft2000

    8 ай бұрын

    @@PeriscopeFilm and a few dozen more.

  • @PeriscopeFilm

    @PeriscopeFilm

    7 ай бұрын

    Yeah … Abraham Lincoln also comes to mind …

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