Prepositions: 16 ways to use ‘by’ in English
‘By’ is such a small word, but it’s not simple! In this lesson, I’ll show you many different ways to use ‘by’ as a preposition. I will teach you through specific examples and situations so that it’s not just theoretical. For advanced English learners, I’ll also teach you prepositional phrases with ‘by’, such as ‘by appointment only’. Using these prepositional phrases is a great way to elevate your English to a more sophisticated level. Practice what you've learned with the quiz: www.engvid.com/prepositions-1...
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TRANSCRIPT
Hi, everyone. In this lesson we're looking at how to use the preposition "by". "By" is such a common word; we use it all the time, but because of that, it can be confusing. "Am I using the right preposition?" So, in this lesson I'm going to go over lots of examples of when you should use "by", give you the rules of grammar; and also towards the end of the lesson, teach you new uses of "by" that you might not know yet because they're advanced.
Okay, let's start with communication. Here's an example sentence: "You can enter the competition by text message, by post, by letter, or by email." These days it's not so common to enter a competition by post, but when I was younger watching children's television, that was often one of the main ways to enter the competition.
Okay, moving on to transport now. "P" stands for "preposition". This shows us that in this example of grammar, "by" is being used as a preposition. "She's coming to London by car, by plane, by taxi, or by train." When we're talking about transport, the mode of transport, how we go somewhere - we use "by" as the preposition.
Three: Error. "Error" means this is wrong; a mistake. "I'm sorry. I did it by mistake.", "I did it by accident. Oops. I did it by accident. I'm sorry." These are the only two examples you need to remember for error.
Next one is luck. "We met each other by chance." I didn't plan to meet you today. I'm walking down the street: "Oh, there you are!" In that situation, I met you by chance. This means same thing as "by coincidence". "We met each other by coincidence." Also similar to the meaning of "fate". This was meant to be, in a way. You walk down the... well, not... coincidence... when people talk about coincidence, they mean: "This is just random it... this happened", whereas if they talk about fate, it's like: "It was planned to be by the gods" or something like that.
Next use of "by" is for next to. And when we use "by" in these sentences, we mean: "This thing is positioned next to the other thing." Used as a preposition: "The cat is by the window." Here's the cat-"meow"-here's the window. The cat is by the window. Another example: "Your boots are by the stairs." Here are the stairs going up, here are your boots. "Your boots are by the stairs." And lastly, here: "My keys are by the door. My keys are by the door." More examples coming up.
Next we have using "by" when we want to say who did something. These example sentences, here, are all examples of the passive voice. That's a grammar term. If after I've explained this, you want to know more, pause the video and go and... go and check out Adam's lesson on this. Let's look at these sentences: "'Sunflowers' was painted by Van Gogh". "Sunflowers" is a painting. Van Gogh, the artist, painted it. We can take this sentence, and swap it, and say: "Van Gogh painted 'Sunflowers'." But in this sentence, which is the passive voice, the thing that comes first in the sentence is the obje-... Is the object. "Sunflowers", the painting comes first, rather than the artist. And the reason we do passive voice sentences is because this is more formal writing, or we might see it written in an essay or something like that.
Next example is: "I was invited by Mr. Smith." Mr... I'll change it around: "Mr. Smith invited me" would be the other way to say this. Next example: "My computer was repaired by the IT Department." I can change that one around and say: "The IT Department repaired my computer." So, in all of these sentences, to form the passive voice we use the preposition "by" in the example sentences.
Next let's look at using "by" as a preposition when we're talking about how to pay for something. We can say: "by cash, by credit card, by PayPal". "You can pay for your computer by cash or by credit card in this store."
Next... next we have how something is sold. Let's look at the examples. So, did you know that in England: "Eggs are sold by the dozen"? You get 12. A "dozen" means 12 eggs. "By the dozen". Fabric - material that's in our... makes our clothes and furniture, like sofas: "Fabric is sold by the metre." You go in the shop, and the fabric is all on those rolls, and they say: "How many metres do you want?" Fabric is sold by the metre. […]
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Your pronunciation is so soft and so perfect; makes English language sounds even more beautiful
I really enjoyed watching it! Great examples and everything written down below. 👍
I've watched for several times of your video teaching of English, I like them very much. Thanks Ms Jodle.
I‘m so happy that your channel is updated
Jade, you’re my favourite KZread teacher. Thanks for all your videos and the way you teach. I’m from Manaus, Brazil.
I found your lessons a couple of years ago BY chance and always I always give you thumbs up BY the high quality of your work .
I really like your accent and I enjoyed watching your videos it helps me to improve my English thank you.
Thank so much Jade. Useful and great lesson
Great lesson. Thank you, Jade !
❤️ Great lesson!
Thanks a lot Jade. Your English is really catchy and the explanations are all clear. It's a master class. Regards from Canary Islands.
Thanks Jade!
thank you teacher !
“By virtue of” sounds fantastic, thanks for yet another great video! Your handband looks very nice :)
Thank you Teacher very helpful lesson I am waiting for the next lesson 😆
I‘ve founded this lesson so much useful, thank.
Magnificent and helpfull video! Thank you!
You r ultimate teacher...in the world.
You are such an Amazing, Cute, Wonderful teacher, by far.
Thank you so much,very informative
Lots of ways ! thank you
despite of my pronunciation is not very well, when i watch your videos I try to understand your intonation and every day I understand more percentage of the lesson. tnks for sharing your videos and your time for non english speakers
Thank you so much teacher!!!
thank you so much for your useful lesson
How can someone dislike an amazing class such this one! I love this accent :)
@wellingtonmoreira115
5 жыл бұрын
@@qazizahor7080 probably !
I LIKE YOUR LESSON AND YOUR ACCENTS. PLEASE MAKE MORE VIDEO
great lesson thank you so much teacher.
I love your speaking and teaching my teacher 🤗
Please make videos on uses of "To" . this video has been very helpful. I learnt a lot from this lesson. I am from India and learning english . thank you.
you're a such good teacher
Thanks a lots for your helping
First of all, thanks Jade. Additionally, I suggest you to explore more general rules for the use of "by" for a future video. This because some of the uses are very similar to one another. Consider, for example, the use in payment and communication. Both of them hints towards the means used to achieve something. The same happens with "error" and "chance". That is, both of them refer to something unexpected.
Thank you👍
thanku so much u are best trainer I like your teaching style I love dtit
Thank you, mam, well explained
Excellent teacher. Thank you for your great lesson.
Hi Jade, first of all, a huge thank you for your videos and classes. I started from scratch learning English improving a lot following your classes and videos, all of them very professional, useful and easy to understand, very pedagogical!. Your help please on this question related with the preposition By and its proximity use, it is equivalent to say. "I parked the car by the supermarket" and ”I parked the car at the supermarket”?, thanks in advance. 👍😊
love the class
I love your accent... By the way very useful lesson thanks a lot. Lots of love x
Thank you dear teacher
Thank you very much
Thanks for this
thanks my teacher is very good and very helpful in my life
Amazing !!
Good lesson, 😊👍 Thanks teacher. I was born in Paris but my parents are Portuguese. 🤗💕🇵🇹 Hi from Vietnam ☺️🇻🇳
thank you very much you explain very well
Very good explanation ma'am
i really like your course
Thanks 🙏 for you
By the way ;) We love your lessons
good lesson
Wow it's awesome
Good job 👍
I like your channel
Thanks, Jade...
Hello Jade,as always,it has been a very interesting lesson ,I am improving my English by listening and watching your amazing videos.....thanks a million.
Greetings from Argentina, I love tour accent
Good lesson
Saludos desde El salvador
Your elaboration is sooooooooooooo nice
Thank you
This pretty ❤❤❤❤ deserve. 100 million
You are the best teacher I've ever had. you accent is the most beautiful I've heard ever
@jaroslavvana4359
5 жыл бұрын
You should have written " You are the teacher I've ever had. Your accent is the most beautiful I've ever heard.
@gizzagizza3
5 жыл бұрын
@@jaroslavvana4359 she's the best. I wrote what I felt any her! Your phrase makes no sense. Sorry
@jaroslavvana4359
5 жыл бұрын
@@gizzagizza3 I do not agree with you. What I wrote makes sense and it is grammatically correct. You can ask somebody whose English is very good or you can ask a native speaker too. But on the other hand you do not need to apologize for your opinion.
@jaroslavvana4359
5 жыл бұрын
@@qazizahor7080 Quai Khawaja, why do you think I am from UK?
thank you
Good teacher
Thx Jade :D
You are amazing mam, I like your video👍👍👍
Greetings from Alexandria Egypt
Thank you, Jade! Such a great lesson
Even tough I study american english I understood everything what you taught us.This is a great job friend.Well done!
Thanks
By the way, good video
Hi Jade, I'm Ella from Nigeria. A budding writer and spoken word poet. I have followed your lessons for quite a while, during which I have learnt so much and improved my pronunciation. You are an amazing teacher no doubt, but it's so hard for me to keep practicing the language as it's not my native language and there's no one to constantly speak with. I'd appreciate if you can suggest some methods I can use to keep practicing so I don't lose touch. Also, do you organise webinars and live sessions? Is there an email address I can reach you on? Please, let me know. Once again, thanks for doing this for us. I look forward to your reply.
I appreciate your instructive and educational lecture, ma'am. Acually one of the things i was wondering about brought me to this video. The thing is the following : 'He's now in preschool and growing taller by the inches.' Could you by any chance tell me how i can take 'by the inches' in the exact correct way in that sentence ? I appreciate it in advance. Take care.
Hi Jade, very good lesson. Would you please explain the usage of the phrase 'by the end of something...'
First like in sri lanka 🇱🇰
Superbbbbb
Nice teaching mode with body language.
Love your hair
please could u do videos to help us with toelf or ielts tests. greeting from Peru
Very good lesson! You have a nice writing! ... Why sometimes can we find "by" at the end of a sentence?
Thanks Jade for uploading such a useful video and for the script. It's a lot of work and I just wanted to say that it's highly appreciated. Thanks again. See you soon🦄👍😊
Thank mm
Good morning my sister
@Abdulrahman65440
5 жыл бұрын
Abdel Baki Decor good morning
If I applying university in EU what I take TOEFL or IELTS or what? I'm still in SHS
Your eyes are so pretty!
Thank you teacher.I succeded to understand your lesson only by virtue of your high skills .I will never associate Jade with the world of belly dance.
Hi, 1- thanks for the effort. And. 2- Who 's Rebeca you 've mentioned in this Video? Regards.
Mam ? Can We use by like This ? Is this correct ? i came my Home By Walk ? Or by should be used to only for vehicles ?
3:10 'miau' :-)
😊
I wish a had a wife with such an accent. O boy, my life would have been all rainbows and unicorns then. I've been struggling to understand English all my life and kinda hated it but once I came across your channel I'm in love with English accent.
beatiful accent
I looked everywhere, but there is a popular usage of "by" that is not mentioned in any dictionary. This video unfortunately did not metion it, either. But the usage is very commonly seen. It is used everywhere. I mean... just find a random graph (plot) and there is a great chance that there is a "by" in the title. A lot of graphs (plots) use "by" to mean the graph is a compostion of things stacked, or overlapping (I don't know how to discribe this -- is it "superpostioned") and each component corresponds to one thing after the "by"... Among aothers, "by age" or "by age group" is the most frequent. I give one example: "Reported Legal Abortions by Age Group Within the State of..." I'm sorry what a bad example but it is the first one I saw when I keep browsed down the google search result pages when I search "by age or by ages" -- and oh yes I originally wanted to find out whether I should use singular or plural form for this particular usage of the "by". [Fine] Fine in French means "end". OK this is a bizzare passage. I understand if everyone pretends they do not see me or my writing. I should do more googling... I think I can finally "come to"... now that's one of the unusual usage of the word "to"... I know it is the little words that are the most complicated. Byeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.
Hi,I have question here.May I know for some examples you have to use past tense before "by".And for this sentence,why is the verb in past tense ". I wonder what she is attracted by" Thanks in advance
Hey Jade
A vegetarian option is available on request? Instead of using by I used on. Could you please guide me?
Hello there! I've got a question. How is the word 'by' used with ing verbs?
Just cannot believe that you are an English teacher who complaint non-native English speakers(Asians) accent in another videos!!!! Oh my god!
good afternoon