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The ultimate bearing capacity of a pile is the maximum load which it can carry without failure
or excessive settlement of the ground. The allowable load on a pile is the load which can be
imposed upon it with an adequate margin of safety; it may be the ultimate load divided by a
suitable factor of safety, or the load at which the settlement reaches the allowable value.
The bearing capacity of a pile depends primarily on the type of soil through which and/
or on which it rests, and on the method of installation. It also depends upon the cross-section
and length of the pile.
The pile shaft is a structural column that is fixed at the point and usually restrained at
the top. The elastic stability of piles, or their resistance against buckling, has been investigated