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Half Maximal Effective Concentration (EC50) = concentration of a drug, antibody or toxicant which induces a response halfway between the baseline and maximum after a specified exposure time
Median Lethal Dose (LD50) = a dose of a toxin, radiation, or pathogen required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration
Therapeutic Index (also known as therapeutic ratio) is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes death (in animal studies) or toxicity (in human studies
Margin of Safety = The amount between a therapeutic dose and a lethal dose of a drug
Low intrinsic efficacy: pindolol, a β-adrenoceptor partial agonist, may act either as an agonist (if no full agonist is present) or as an antagonist (if a full agonist such as epinephrine is present).
Thermodynamic considerations indicate that even in the absence of any agonist, some of the receptor pool must exist in the Ra form some of the time and may produce the same physiologic effect as agonist-induced activity. "Basal Level"
neutral antagonism
Katzung, Bertram G., Susan B. Masters, and Anthony J. Trevor, eds. "Basic & clinical pharmacology." (2012).