Third degree perineal tear involves external and internal anal sphincters. The fourth degree perineal tear involves rectal mucosa. Repair of third and fourth degree perineal tear should be conducted by trained clinician or by a trainee under supervision.
Repair of fourth degree laceration requires approximation of rectal mucosa , internal anal sphincter and external anal sphincter. The internal anal sphincter is repaired by an end to end technique. For repair of full thickness external anal sphincter either an overlapping or an end to end approximation technique can be used with equivalent outcomes.
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This Channel is providing knowledge in the field of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Obstetrics is related to medical and surgical care before, during, and after a woman gives birth. Obstetrics focuses on caring for and maintaining a woman’s overall health during maternity. This includes pregnancy, labor, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Gynaecology on the other hand focuses on women’s bodies and their reproductive health. It includes the diagnosis, treatment, and care of women’s reproductive system. This includes vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Gynaecology also includes screening for and treating issues associated with women’s breasts. Gynaecology is the overarching field of women’s health from puberty through adulthood. It represents most of the reproductive care you’ll receive during your lifetime. If you become pregnant, you’ll need to go to an obstetrician.
The channel will have videos on the topics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology which will include but not limited to:
 abnormal bleeding
 pelvic pain
 genital itching
 urinary incontinence
 urinary tract or vaginal infections
 endometriosis
 breast disorders
 hormonal disorders
 dilation and curettage
 biopsy
 tubal ligation for female sterilization
 laser surgery
 hysterectomy, or the removal of the uterus
 myomectomy, or the removal of fibroids
 in vitro fertilization
 vaginal delivery
 caesarean delivery
 amniocentesis to determine sex and detect any abnormalities
 forceps and vacuum deliveries
 pelvic exams
 pap smears
 clinical breast exams
 mammographies
 cancer screenings
 perimenopause
 menopause
 birth control, contraception, or sterilization
 advice on preventing or treating sexually transmitted infections or HIV
 vaccination against the human papilloma virus
 treatment and prevention of pain during sex
 abnormal vaginal discharge
 urinary tract infections
 prenatal care
 infertility treatment
 advice on diet
 labor and birthing options
 genetic testing and screenings
 advice on breast-feeding
 postpartum depression
 easing cramps
 irregular or abnormal bleeding
 mood swings
 advice about premenstrual syndrome
 cysts and fibroids
 pelvic support problems
 a low libido
 vaginal dryness
 hot flushes
 bone loss
 incontinence
 hormone replacement therapy