PaTS-Wheel: A Passively-Transformable Single-Part Wheel for Mobile Robot Navigation
Ғылым және технология
T. Godden*, B. W. Mulvey*, E. Redgrave and T. Nanayakkara, “PaTS-Wheel: A Passively-Transformable Single-Part Wheel for Mobile Robot Navigation on Unstructured Terrain,” IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 2024.
Link to IEEE RA-L paper: ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/...
Link to paper preprint: drive.google.com/file/d/1sfFv...
Link to STEP/STL files: drive.google.com/drive/folder...
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/LRA.2024.3389828
Abstract:
Most mobile robots use wheels that perform well on even and structured ground, like in factories and warehouses. However, they face challenges traversing unstructured terrain such as stepped obstacles. This paper presents the design and testing of the PaTS-Wheel: a Passively-Transformable Single-part Wheel that can transform to render hooks when presented with obstacles. The passive rendering of this useful morphological feature is guided purely by the geometry of the obstacle. The energy consumption and vibrational profile of the PaTS-Wheel on flat ground is comparable to a standard wheel of the same size. In addition, our novel wheel design was tested traversing different terrains with stepped obstacles of incremental heights. The PaTS-Wheel achieved 100% success rate at traversing stepped obstacles with heights ≈70% its diameter, higher than the results obtained for an equivalent wheel (≈25% its diameter) and an equivalent wheg (≈61% its diameter). This achieves the design objectives of combining the energy efficiency and ride smoothness of wheels with the obstacle traversal capabilities of legged robots, all without requiring any sensors, actuators, or controllers.
Пікірлер: 1 100
When reinventing the wheel is actually a pretty good idea
@deecat2018
Ай бұрын
Make shit more complex when you give normal things money to get a bit more versatile stat while lowering durability stat
@dragbag1616
29 күн бұрын
Is it? Now do the test again with good rubber on the normal wheel
@dragbag1616
29 күн бұрын
"Humvee Climbing Vertical Wall" The U.S. military engineers solved this issue a long time ago. The solution is called "soft tyres and a f*ton of ground clearance". But you know, post a video vaguely scientific on KZread and suddenly people think it's the new sliced bread.
@ThePursuitWOD
29 күн бұрын
@@dragbag1616pretty sure they used the same rubber on all wheels so improving the rubber on all, the wheels shouldn’t make a comparative difference
@CLove511
29 күн бұрын
New meta just dropped, the phrase is now "Reinventing the Wheg"
They did it. They reinvented the wheel.
@durt214
29 күн бұрын
@@rgw5991 Living rent free in your head
@micaheiber1419
29 күн бұрын
@@rgw5991 More likely Ukraine will, Russia is still only using heavy robots with tracks (specifically on the ground, obviously), this wheel is useless to their drone doctrine. I don't think it's very useful to Ukraine either though, they mostly use robots on flat roads and in fields, so they might not bother either. Light robots are a much better tool for urban search and rescue, than fighting a war.
@rgw5991
29 күн бұрын
@@micaheiber1419 🇷🇺🪆💪❤
@Duskydog419
29 күн бұрын
@@rgw5991 im sure its already being used
@XxZigonxX
29 күн бұрын
Firestone moment
I freaking love when someone solves such a problem so elegantly
@johnacetable7201
29 күн бұрын
The tear&wear though.
@hellNo116
29 күн бұрын
@@johnacetable7201 yeah that is a compromise. the thing is that this is another new option. that doesn't mean it is the best option. it can easily be a bad option. however it is a cool piece of tech and a really cool idea. maybe it is not applicable only professionals in the field can answer that. i only do computer and programming in a professional level
@byGDur
28 күн бұрын
100%
@dragbag1616
28 күн бұрын
A problem that been solved better and more elegantly before... soft rubber tyres can climb vertical walls better. KISS. Keep It Stupid Simple. "Humvee Climbs Vertical Wall"
@boxed_in4357
27 күн бұрын
@@dragbag1616 this could still have use in certain applications. Its not THE best wheel, just like an offroad tire and a racing tire has its pros and cons, this wheel and other designs has its pros and cons.
I remember watching a video from Veritasium about compliant mechanisms. It's cool to see another practical application of such an interesting concept.
@Philosophaster
Ай бұрын
Compliant mechanisms? Say more
@TheGrundigg
Ай бұрын
@@Philosophaster google it
@daleryanaldover6545
29 күн бұрын
I watched it too a long time ago
@turolretar
29 күн бұрын
Non compliant mechanisms are put into a special prison
@Philosophaster
29 күн бұрын
@@turolretar ah yes that checks out 💯
This is exceptional work. Novel, low complexity and useful.
@ThePursuitWOD
29 күн бұрын
The only question now is what the longevity of a wheel like this is like.
@Alex-ck4in
29 күн бұрын
@@ThePursuitWOD Id guess about 5 revolutions
@lohikarhu734
29 күн бұрын
You clearly have no idea of the structural properties of even simple single-material design,,,polypropylene hinges, for example, in ultra-cheap consumer products, last thousands of cycles, and, in an application like this, use of two-shot molding allows better material choices for each part...but, hey...
@gabrielevalentini5905
28 күн бұрын
@@lohikarhu734 you arent any smarter shut up
@darrennew8211
28 күн бұрын
@@ThePursuitWOD I'm guessing if that becomes a problem, you stop printing it out of one lump of plastic and actually use hinges and springs.
I'm wondering about longevity, as it seems that when climbing the weight of the robot goes to flexture. On larger size these could be rods and bearings effectively eliminating flexture stress.
@thrishantha
28 күн бұрын
Yes longevity is the next focus. We are thinking of spring steel and vulcanized rubber in the next iteration for heavier loads.
@HidForHG
25 күн бұрын
@@thrishantha Well if the wheels could be made out of a higher grade filament. That or another version that gives it a more optimal durability trade off. Then it would be perfect in colony situations. Where you would want as many things as possible to be made from the least amount of specialized resources. Esp if the material can be recycled a large amount of times too. Meaning it's just so much simpler to replace the wheel that wears out and use the material to make more filament. Reducing the strain on the colony. It couldn't work in the modern economic model of extreme disposability with NO reusability/recyclability. A colony on another planet can't make use of near slave labor on cheap low quality materials to flood a 'market'. In this case the source of wheels. Can't just ship across a planet and get it rendered down for nothing and resold for massive profits. It needs to be self contained and long enough lasting to make it work the effort and energy put into making and setting it up.
@Ashmurtagh100
22 күн бұрын
For robots Designed for long term work would have a much bigger budget so you could easily use hinges or bars and bearings to make this much more robust
@williamross6477
21 күн бұрын
@@HidForHGThat’s a really interesting point. Longevity is a lot less relevant when it requires a complex manufacturing process that isn’t readily available. Better to have wheels that need to be reprinted every few weeks than ones that last a year, but need replacements shipped 140 million miles from earth anytime they break.
@microcosms2420
17 күн бұрын
Flexture stress is one thing, but I cannot help but notice that as soon as wheel rotates to a point past the claw, the claw quickly retracts and sends the whole wheel crashing down on itself.
You'd think everything obvious has been invented and then this comes along. Bravo!
This is really cool! Perhaps the first time we've seen the wheel be reinvented in a productive manner.
@benw7616
29 күн бұрын
You forgot about the invention Omni Wheels They allow for travel in multiple directions with fewer points of rotatinal inputs then it would otherwise take Other things: spokes, metal tires, rubber tires. All have gone on to reinvent/improve the wheel in some way. And thats not even a full list of stuff.
@dr.cheeze5382
29 күн бұрын
Don't forget the new wire net wheels made by NASA, those could prove to be excellent on rovers
@overdramaticpan
29 күн бұрын
@@dr.cheeze5382 I did forget them - my bad!
@keenanevans7888
29 күн бұрын
Itll be cool to see what challenges these designs face and how engineers can adress them
@thekingoffailure9967
17 күн бұрын
I’d consider tank treads to be replacements for wheels but that could be controversial
I will never stop loving single part solutions. Would love to see other terrains, sand, mud, snow, ice... and see how far all of it can go. Because this technology is exactly the type of thing that can be sold to NASA, for a TON.
@AlephCasara
8 сағат бұрын
whatever money they make is not really my problem, but if this tech could improve space exploration it would be MASSIVE, but rovers wheels already have a similar system and higher durability so i dont really know about it
I love it, BUUUUT having competed in many a robotics competition you will HAVE TO pack spare wheels. And whatever number you come up with, double it just in case.
@dr.cheeze5382
29 күн бұрын
Exactly, the design is great, but this probably sacrifices so much durability. Wouldn't be surprised if it had less than half the cycles to failure of the other wheg.
@Lunageldia
29 күн бұрын
This was what I thought the moment I saw flexible material joints. No matter how good a design is using living hinges, every cycle on it adds stress, and it WILL fail eventually. The wheel being a single part also means that while simple to manufacture, as soon as ANY part of it breaks, the whole wheel has to be scrapped because there's no way to repair it.
@vertigo2893
29 күн бұрын
@@Lunageldia Just print a new one :) But for applications where long term durability is a concern, I guess the same idea can be implemented with hinges and springs
@wyattdray3928
29 күн бұрын
Do you mean VEX or FRC
@MikeTrieu
29 күн бұрын
@@LunageldiaSo make the living hinges out of a material that's designed to survive unlimited flexures like nitinol.
I love when a passive mechanism outperforms an electronic one. Using the contact pressure itself to extend the claw is inspired, keep it up!
Absolutely awesome work, and a passive solution too!
@DJBillyQ
25 күн бұрын
yo Angus! I'm glad to see you still watch and comment on videos from smaller uploaders like this! Gotta stay current, and this invention's definitely one of the cooler ones I've seen recently. 😁
Not only a clever design, but a clear and concise presentation that conveys how it works and why it's useful. Well done!
Great 😑 now i need to search for my roomba on all floors of a house…. Great design!
@8Mev
26 күн бұрын
Do you have a monster Roomba with huge side mounted wheels?
I've always thought that compliant mechanisms were cool, but never seen any good real uses of them, at least until this video. That is a super cool wheel design you guys have come up!
@dilutioncreation1317
Ай бұрын
Curious about cycles to failure
@NonJohns
Ай бұрын
Didn't nasa make titanium joints for their telescope or something
@TheAechBomb
Ай бұрын
@@dilutioncreation1317probably not a lot with the basic print-in-place design, but scale it up a bit and use springs and hinges and it'd last quite a ling time with a little grease
@lohikarhu734
29 күн бұрын
If done in a molded form, in the polypropylene used in 'living hinges', or a two-shot process, with fkexures and treads selected from appropriate materials, could quite robust, and, as well, easily replaced, possibly designed to be repaired ...
@harrodharrod5239
29 күн бұрын
I mean, they are used in space exploration. Isn't that a good real use?
I would love to see a video of all the designs and trials leading up to this! Very graceful design. Bravo. Maybe some crazy KZreadr could put a big set on a 4x4 truck and climb things!
@dragbag1616
29 күн бұрын
"Humvee Climbing Vertical Wall"
@WhatEver-wz1nt
29 күн бұрын
Let's tag all the creators we know. I would love to see @colinfurze have a go at it!
@salsamancer
29 күн бұрын
Practically speaking this would not be a great wheel for offroading. Just imagine one of those tiny delicate joints breaking. Now you need to replace the entire wheel in the field
@oberonpanopticon
28 күн бұрын
@@dragbag1616nah for that you need the bad piggies wheels
@_p-x-l_
27 күн бұрын
i bet it would be hard to make these strong enough to carry a load of 2.5 tons or even more
Imagine scaling this up to a full size airless rubber tires for rovers. Seems kinda cool
@dr.cheeze5382
29 күн бұрын
Quite similar to the wire net wheels NASA is developing. But this design is definitely much more reasonable to imagine in a factory setting than another planet
@trouty7947
27 күн бұрын
Biggest issue with using this on a rover is debris. If a rock or sand gets caught in those compliant mechanisms on earth, you can just clean it out. On mars, if turning the wheel very slowly doesn't fix it, it's there for good.
Phenomenal. What a novel concept! And so simply implemented. This is a masterpiece of design and engineering.
Not sure how practical this would be in uneven terrain, but this would be terrific for anyone in a wheelchair that had to deal with stairs.
This is a fantastic design, and it looks cool. Also, your presentation is fantastic. The images, video, and description are clear and easy to follow. Congratulations on such a cool project and I hope it makes you absolutely loaded in the future.
I love when someone solves a problem that I had no idea existed 😅
This is amazing. Geniuses over here. I'd love to see your wheel run through these same tests but with small river stone in place of the turf.
I had the claw as a kid, that truck went everywhere!
I remember back in the 80's I had this toy truck called "The Animal" that had claws that popped out of the wheels to help it climb over stuff. Loved that thing.
Excellent. Now let's make a lot of comments to boost the algorithm. Your design deserves it
Man that “wheg” looks kinda OG 🥶
@Schlohmotion
29 күн бұрын
kinda buddhist, right?
for stability in climbing, perhaps engineering both wheels to be able to move back to a same checkpoint on their rotation would allow them to present the claws at the same time for steps, whilst still being able to tackle unequal obstacles.
@xzydra570
17 күн бұрын
I imagine this would be really easy to implement with some kind of rotation encoder honestly, tricky part might be stopping errant movement from wheel sliding though
Wow, very impressive. I love watching videos about compliant mechanisms, because even though a functionally similar part could be made using traditional joints and pivots, it would be prohibitively expensive, difficult, and/or fragile. 3d printing and compliant mechanisms solve all of those problems.
I don't know why youtube recommended me this but this is really hype and creative!
Oh dang, you guys actually reinvented the wheel in a better way.
It’s a good design. The larger the wheel, the higher the obstacle it can traverse. Plus, you can increase the strength of the wheel with different materials, meaning a heavier payload. Seriously impressive!
Nice! This can easily be ‘upgraded’ to flexures from (spring) steel for much heavier vehicles. Lovely solution! Edit: just subbed to your channel… with content like this you deserve many more than 335 subs :-) Love to see where you all take this (seems to be a team effort)
Very elegant, clever engineering using compliant mechanisms, however the big question here is durability. How long can a 3d printed compliant mechanism really last? You are relying on those tiny compliant joints to literally do the heavy lifting.
@thrishantha
28 күн бұрын
Yes longevity is the next focus. We are thinking of spring steel and vulcanized rubber in the next iteration for heavier loads.
@ghazzz
28 күн бұрын
For many applications, hours of life per set of wheels is acceptable.
This is such an elegant solution 👌
I work with AMRs and the stuff in this video is out of this world to me.
Yooooooo the basic design looks like one of those switches that people 3d print, thats so ingenious and crazy
Jesus take the ...uh...
@adampisula6432
14 күн бұрын
wheg
Interesting. nice work
Reinventing the wheel. Bravo!
I wonder if in the future, a design like this could be used for construction equipment or ATV. I feel like the challenge would be in finding a material that supports the structure best.
i do recall battlebots now has a ledge in the arena, i wonder if this could be used to give a combat bot an advantage in traversing
This wheel can bear little load and has a lot of weak fins that can break off. I remember there's a triangle shaped water jug stairs carrier wheel rack that can carry huge water bottles up the stairs, it's very proven and robust.
@varungp
29 күн бұрын
Link?
@xzydra570
17 күн бұрын
True, but for low weight load applications this seems like a godsend IMO.
I had this exact problem in mind quite a few times without ever reaching an elegant solution this is so cool!
I'm fascinated with compliant mechanisms. This is awesome!
Absolutely genius. You asked a question it seems no one else did, "what if the wheel shape wasn't static?"
@jlco
Ай бұрын
I think some of the designs shown at 0:49 are dynamic, but the problem is that those ones aren't passive.
@hansjmo
Ай бұрын
Wheels on cars are not static though they are elastic and moves quite alot
@uBreeze
29 күн бұрын
Many, many, many, people asked that. They came up with a different solution.
This is so cool! Could we get an stl to play with it?
@Dindonmasker
Ай бұрын
Just take a screenshot and model it the from the profile lol
@nicolasalvarado9485
Ай бұрын
@@Dindonmasker modeling compliant mechanisms is quite tricky, i could do it but it would take quite a few tries to dial the thicknes of the joints.
Such a beautiful and elegant solution to this problem. Great to see.
I don't know why KZread recommended this to me but. Well, I clicked so, I guess the algorithm knew what it was doing. Nice video, I like how concise it is.
The "Wheg" shape reminds me of a famous painter from Austria.
@MineBossGamer247
28 күн бұрын
yep
@heimskr2881
28 күн бұрын
Ls going to the left is for the silly Austrian guy. Ls to the right is the Buddhist symbol of good luck
@aintdrian
28 күн бұрын
@@heimskr2881 didn't ask
@Hawk7886
27 күн бұрын
@aintdrian yikes
@Rebel-ji7xn
27 күн бұрын
Hello how r u
This is very cool, I love how it can be easily 3D printed as a single part.
I Hope our AI robotic overlord appreciate all the effort spent on making them
Awesome actual real world usable flexure! I’m super impressed!
Fantastic design guys! Truly fantastic!
This is one of the coolest uses of compliant mechanisms I've seen yet. Great job to you and your team
Wild! I had a cheap RC car as a kid that had claw-wheel-drive on all 4 tires. If the tire slipped on the surface, animal claws (rubberized plastic, sharp-ish claws) would poke out of the tire in 3 different places around the tire, until the tire regained traction. This is a very good approximation of the idea, but with the advantages of being one single part. Would make awesome ATV wheels!
Incredible. I am absolutely flabbergasted by this simple yet eficient design.
Excellent job! Simple idea, beautiful execution.
I love finding little videos like this that show some cool idea that can change how we live, travel, etc. Very cool wheel guys. Might see this on unmanned wheeled droves from rescue operations or bomb disposal.
There was a toy kind of like this in the 80's called "The Animal". It was a motorized monster truck toy that would passively pop tiger claws out of its wheel treads to climb obstacles
Truly a engineering marvel. So simple yet so effective
I can't believe they reinvented the wheel And it's actually good
Wow, I really like this. Congratulations nice design! I am upgrading my robot vacuum cleaner with this solution, and it finally doesn't get stuck on the edges of thicker carpets.
The big flaw in my eyes is that now most of the weight needs to be held by that one hinge. Even if the leg part pushes inward against the inner sections. And it's pulling on the hinge instead of pushing. This optimizes the area of contact with whatever the robot is climbing but would limit the payload. One idea i had would be sections that either collapse inward so the weight rests on stronger parts of the normal wheel ring. Or they could potentially push these thicker sections out a little. Or I guess you could reduce the amount your hinge travels before the leg part connects to the inner section. That would reduce the strain on the hinge.
@Ottonymos
27 күн бұрын
I'll bet the failure rate on each of those many joints really adds up; wonder how it performs once two or three of the claws are flapping in the wind.
@anonymousapproximation8549
24 күн бұрын
This isn't a counterargument, but It's held by two separate hinges.
I am writing this comment because I think your wheel as well as your video on it are very good. With this comment I want to help you to get your video recommendedore often
Holy cow an actual good 'reinventing the wheel' now that is amazing
Ive always loved compliant mechanisms, this is just genius!
There is something about getting a random engineering video on my KZread feed that makes me so happy. I just think it’s so cool that even though humans have been around for so long, and to my every day life it seems as if we have stopped developing, cool things are still happening in the background.
Compliant mechanisms are AWESOME
Can’t wait for the next time someone tells me “you can’t reinvent the wheel”! 🤣 Seriously though this is an amazing design. What a cool contribution!
Just finished a college course on compliant mechanisms, this is awesome!
Very cool use of compliant mechanisms!
A friend of mine said she wants a wheelchair with this design and that sounds super cool
@xzydra570
17 күн бұрын
I feel like that would maybe be hard to use as the sort of standard 2-big 2-small wheelchair layout might make a nasty pivot point at the edge of the step that you would have to balance against. Im sure there are ways to solve this though!
@xzydra570
17 күн бұрын
On second thought it could be as simple as adding a sort of passive kickstand to the back of the chair, but then you have to worry about human comfort and it potentially being too bulky, and the thought of a tip on the top of a set of stairs makes me queasy... but enough though to it and im surw its possible to make safely
@xzydra570
17 күн бұрын
Actually this is a very interesting problem to think about. I'm a senior ME major at my university and i may swipe this as a capstone lol
wow fantastic use of compliant mechanisms!! definitely something to integrate
These are going straight onto my rc crawler...
Reminds me of The Animal toy from back when I was a kid, they should do one with claws!
This is fraking awesome! ... so simple, so elegant. As a product designer, Hats off to you guys. Well done.
Finally! I can build my stair-climbing unicycle!
Neat! Simple yet efficient design. Congrats!
I really like when someone uses flexible mechanisms like that
Incredible work! The wheel has been reinvented
Awesome! there was a toy battery powered line of cars in the 80s with 'tiger claws' wheels that would deploy passively exactly like this...
In daily use in non-concrete non-industrial settings it could pickup hair and loose thread and possibly small stones. Both would probably depend on how sharp the edges are and how grippy the material it is made of is.
I feel very connected to this wheel... When I'm depressed, I also extend my claws
Very cool, please continue your work
The first proper reinvention of the wheel I ever saw
For those wondering, this was printed in TPU 95A
This is pretty good. Minimal moving parts (simplicity) and seemingly quite effective. 👍🏽
Genius! What a brilliant design. Very cool. 👍
Got to love a well designed compliant mechanism.
This kind of thing is what's been getting me into wheels lately, there're so many ways they can transform and all are interesting and beautiful, but not all are as practical as this one.
This is amazing, the idea that the linkage would be enough to actuate a grip deployment is genius. I can’t wait to see some sort of rover integrate this!
Brilliant work, thanks for sharing.
a beautifully elegant presentation on a beautifully elegant reinvention of the wheel
I love compliant mechanisms and compliand engineering It is so useful
That's awesome. I can see that being used on Lunar and Mars rovers in the future.
this is crazy! well done guys
Compliant flexy design. Love it!
Great work! Only downside is I feel you would have to convert the wheel into an assembled piece anyway in order to get significant load out of it. Otherwise this definitely bridges the gap for legged robots for sure!
Love new techs like this. Additive manufacturing opens up so many avenues for innovation.
Very interesting concept! Nice work!