Opioid Drugs, Part 1: Mechanism of Action
Opioid drugs are a well-known class of drug due to both their ability to kill pain and kill people. Watch part 1 of this two-part series to learn how opioid drugs can manipulate our brain and body into no longer feeling pain and discomfort.
Special thanks to Geoffrey Brown for helping research background information for this video!
Watch Part 2 here: • Opioid Drugs, Part 2: ...
Additional information:
Diversity of Opioid Drugs
The variety of opioid drugs available differ in aspects such as duration, rate of onset, potency (strength), risk of side effects, and metabolism. The video already addressed lipid solubility as a determinant for rate of onset and duration. Potency is determined by how well an opioid can bind to and stimulate the opioid receptor. For example, fentanyl can bind to and activate the opioid receptor much better than morphine, which is why fentanyl is 100 times more potent than morphine. Essentially, this means that you would need to use 100 times more morphine than fentanyl to get the same painkilling effect (which is also why it is so easy to overdose on fentanyl!) This website has some nice tables describing classic opioids and a variety of their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties: basicmedicalkey.com/opioids/#...
Vesicle Release
Vesicle release from calcium influx is quite a complex process and crucial to neurotransmitter release and neuron function. Calcium ions bind to a protein called synaptotagmin on the visicle, which cause a variety of structural changes in SNARE proteins on both the vesicle and the membrane. The SNARE proteins intertwine and pull the vesicle closer to the membrane, eventually fusing the two. I may make a video about this sometime in the future, but for now, here is a decent animation on the process: • Synaptic Vesicle Traff...
G Protein-Coupled Receptors
GPCRs are a crucial target for many drugs. In fact, 34% of drugs work on GPCRs, and even more drugs are being developed to target this large diverse family of receptors. When an agonist binds to a GPCR, a structural change occurs that causes the Gα subunit to kick out GDP and bind GTP. This activates the G protein and the subunits separate to perform their respective roles. When GTP is eventually hydrolyzed back to GDP, the subunits reassemble and the receptor is no longer activated. The video hinted at multiple functions of G proteins - what makes the story more interesting and complex is that two or more GPCRs can combine (dimerize or oligomerize), meaning that they now have access to each others’ different G protein. This likely allows for different signalling pathways to cross-communicate and achieve an even more powerful mechanism of regulation. Here is a good paper from Nature discussing this important class of receptors: www.nature.com/scitable/topic...
Ascending and Descending Pain Pathways
Within the brainstem, there are multiple neurons and synapses (unlike the single synapse displayed in the video). Two important brainstem areas to know about are the periaqueductal gray area and the raphe nucleus, which are activated as part of the descending pathway. These areas receive innervation from the cortex, hypothalamus, and amygdala, which allows pain to be modulated according to conscious thought, stress, and fear, respectively. Here is a good website with animations discussing the pain pathways in more detail: nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroscience/...
Пікірлер: 274
This is just the right amount of complexity I'm looking for in an educational video. Not too simple that I learn too little. And not too hard that it just becomes academical and too technical. I really like your videos , keep up the great work.
This video blows my mind. Just seeing how complex one neuron is blows my mind when I realize how many of those little dudes do all that stuff when I stub my toe
@gerardovega7983
4 жыл бұрын
I’m high af and this is tripping me out lol 😆
@complicational
3 жыл бұрын
@TheGlamourNazi if you read your comment again, theres only one conclusion i.e. Intelligent Design
@gensaikawakami341
3 жыл бұрын
@@complicational no way bro, I just can't accept something so nonscientific (not a real word). It's way more believable that all these systematic organic structures made themselves over billions of years and in direct conflict with the most basic concepts of classic physics. But really I'll believe anything so long as I don't have to be held accountable for my decisions.
@jukodebu
2 жыл бұрын
@@complicational or millions of years of trial and error
@mariooldani9545
Жыл бұрын
No.
Omg this is so good. Allows us to visualize what’s going on rather than just memorizing text
The way this Video explained this topic is insane. The graphical demonstration is just awsome
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You did really well describing those complex mechanism. I'm excited to see part 2
WOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOW!!!! I HAD NO IDEA THAT OUR CELLS AND NEURONS CAN BE SO COMPLICATED! THANKS VERY MUCH!!!! YOU DESERVE BILLIONS OF SUBS!
This made my brain hurt. I need some pain relief. Time to get some opioids!
This is a fantastic channel. It's always so interesting to learn both how redundant and convoluted processes inside our bodies are. So many twists and turns to activate a single type of receptor or inhibitor.
you have taken the whole topic piece by piece and explained it in a microscopic level. thank you!
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Better than ANY text, pain board review book or course I’ve taken as a pain doc!! Outstanding work!! Superb explanation!!!
Great video! You explained it very clearly! I just started my own medical youtube channel, and I also made a video on Morphine. However I still find it hard to find the balance between informational content and a fun way to explain it. You do this in a very natural way, which inspired me to make my videos more visual. Keep it up!
It sounded so clear, to the point and visually easy to understand. Great job ! Best video on you tube for this topic!!!
This is a really comprehensive video! I could not understand my lecture for it being too complex and I am glad I stumbled upon your video. The animation helps in getting a clearer picture on the mechanism of opioids at micro level. On top of that, the simplicity in the way you explain makes everything much easier. Thank you so much 🙌💫 You just earned a new subscriber and you deserve wayyy more 💪
Great to see you back! Love your videos and hope you get a whole lot more subscribers
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This is the best video I've ever found on opioid drugs. Thank you for helping me through nursing! This is amazing!
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this was awesome! Thank you for making this video! 4 hours in my therapeutics class and it wasn't even close to being this clear!
I found this channel because of tier zoo and I love how thoroughly explained each topic is. Would be cool if you could cover some genetic / inherited diseases or even something like patau syndrome or cyclopia
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I've been looking for a detailed information on this subject... and not the mainstream simplification. Thanks for the info.
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Great job on this video and all your work! Really informative and detailed. Keep up the great work!
Pharmacy student here, learning about opioids and this video is much better than what my professor taught in class, hits all the points he also taught but it a much more condensed but informative way. Great video.
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This video is nothing short of amazing, especially for visual learners like me. Thank you!
Tks a lot. This makes pharmacology become insteresting
How can I "superlike" this?
Brilliant ! Please continue making such videos !! Thanks !
Excellent high level explanation of the mechanisms behind opioids. These videos make it easier to delve deeper into the subjects.
Thank you for this video and cant wait for part 2!
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The most effective explanation I have ever seen about Opioid. Thank you so much for your videos. Everything is actually clear and easy to understand. It helps me too much in my study. Love and appreciate your work ❤❤❤
So incredibly helpful and well put together. Thank you so much
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I can't stress how good this video is, so good. Thanks!
Your explanation helped me to finally understand this. Thanks!!
This is a video I've been wanting to see for a while, can't wait for part 2! Would you consider making one on hair loss as well? I've yet to see something on a molecular level like this and it's another video I've been wanting to see.
Excellent video! Well done, very simplified and easy to follow...
Very interesting. needs to pay attention and listen step by step
The Graphics in this video and the colour choices are superb . Great explanation.
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MIND BLOWING! This video explains its clearly form the endogenous mechanism of norciceptive and antinorciceptive pathways and also the MOA of opiod 🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯 thanks
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Very detailed and informative; thanks so much.
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before watching this video I was confused a lot about opiod , now I got the point, thank you sir Expecting more videos from you
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far better than university pharmacology lecture !! thanks a lot !
First: Great video! Second: Can you do a series about all parts of the immune system?
@Medicurio
6 жыл бұрын
I hope to address more aspects of the immune system by discussing diseases that arise from dysfunctions of the immune system. You can check out my celiac disease video for mhc presentation/CTLs and multiple sclerosis for autoimmunity (and hopefully future videos)
Thank you for this wonderful infographics
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I got an exam at Pharmacology including opioid drugs and this video helped me a lot to understand the mechanism of action. Thanks, you're doing a great job!
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