Jerome is fantastic at describing this landscape! Like we're standing there watching the floods at the end of the Ice Age. Thanks for getting Jerome back on camera Nick!

Jerome is so good. Such a pro. I am always impressed and want to hear more. Keep your eye on him all you flood geologists; he will make important discoveries in his time.

@jackprier7727

2 жыл бұрын

That Skye Cooley is pretty good, too--far-looking and insightful, and great at sharing his thought-processes with us.

@charliewatts6895

2 жыл бұрын

@@jackprier7727 Plus a really cool name.

@churlburt8485

2 жыл бұрын

and so will you Skye.

You have assembled quite a crew, Nick. Thank you for all that you do.

Thank you for the interesting possibilities. So much more to learn of our joint geology in the Okanagan (Canadian spelling) and Columbia River valleys

I love these geomorphology discussions. Fascinating to try to understand how a landscape got that way.

Wonderful video! I have lived in Omak all my life and as I get older, I am more and more interested in the geology of my surroundings, our state and the PNW abroad. I find gratitude in finding your older videos on CWU's KZread and your teachings here on your personal KZread. Thanks to you and Jerome for igniting theories, connections and energies into this area of the world.

Definitely a geologically diverse area. Quite familiar with Tunk Mtn area up into Aeneas Valley. Also familiar with the area due east of Riverside up Johnson Creek Rd/Riverside Cutoff Rd., where if one takes the first dirt road north (to the right) about 1 mile east of Hwy 97 is an area known as the Lime Belt where Albtight cave, situate on Cave Mtn., largest limestone cave in Washington. Personally been down to very bottom of the cave and could feel a cool breeze coming up from the progressively narrowing passage. Many people are not aware that Albright Cave has two cave entrances. Just north of Riverside, where Hwy 97 crosses the Okanogan River, a.ka., Janus Bridge, take the dirt road that goes up to McLoughlin Canyon and there is an extense cave system that i am personally quite familiar with known as McLoughlin Caves. This is one of the largest cave systems of Washington state. It is essentially a mountain that is fractured in criss-cross fashion with numerous interconnected passages with some impreesive size rooms, extremely narrow passageways that drop several hundred feet down that requires climbing gear. If you find a large manilla rope that goes down a steep passage it was left there by me and two rock climbing buddies one day back in early 1990s. See, Caves of Washington, by William R. Halliday. Albright Cave @ p. 40; McLoughlin Cave @ p. 43. ger_ic40_caves_of_wa.pdf

@richardmcquade8267

2 жыл бұрын

Can't get into edit my comment to make correction that Johnson Creek/ Riverside Cutoff Rd is not east, but west of Riverside. The Lime Belt /Cave Mtn area is also accessible by heading north up Hwy 97 about 6 mi. to South Pine Creek Rd., head towards Fish Lake.

@thomashart1560

Жыл бұрын

Thanks for the rope! My buddy and I made it to a rope but didnt trust it. We brought back our own and my buddy dropped 20 feet or so and could tell it went a lot deeper. We didnt have any climbing experience so we turned back. Good times! That was 2001-2002. Amazing mountain! We heard rumor, maybe even found an old newspaper article saying another entrance across the river was dynamited. We were looking for the stash of guns hidden there by outlaws!!

@JackMcGuire-em7nt

8 күн бұрын

Shhhhh dont tell the seattle people about cool things there.

Such a great episode. Jerome is fantastic. Love seeing this less formal, “out in the field” side of him as he follows a hypothesis and interprets on the fly. Thank you both!

What a great video , kudos Nick and Jerome. Jerome like you Nick is a great teacher and has a talent for info delivery, always very interesting/entertaining!! The lidar maps are such a treat!!

Listening and watching knowledgeable folks thinking and musing and processing, is such a great thing for learning.

Tunk creek is where my Grandpa found the Thulite I gave Nick. I think you might find more ripples in Horse Springs Coulee north of Aeneas lake by Tonasket. We found mussel shells in terraces around Tonasket, clearly the ice had melted enough to allow feed for them for a time and that the benches were probably shores of a river lake. When the ice came back it drove the river up and over the area south of Janis bridge which eroded and allowed the lake to drain? The river, for a time, looks like it followed Hwy 97 down the higher valley of Crumbacher lake prior to the drainage opened up south of Janis bridge.

@brianlhughes

2 жыл бұрын

The Similkameen River has always provided way more water flow than the Okanogan and it used to flow through the Spectacle lake valley. I suppose it's possible that it even went south past Blue lake into fish lake, then into either the Conconully, the Crumbacher lake area or both.

@thomashart1560

Жыл бұрын

I've always thought the same. No geologist, just a local. Both those valleys (spectacle n blue) are deeper and wider than the current water could form. Some may be from flooding coming down Toats coulee, but it seems more water volume and time than Toats would provide. Similkameen is a good explanation, especially since it flows that direction through Palmer lake during flood stage.

@brianlhughes

Жыл бұрын

@@thomashart1560 I thought about this a bit more and decided that the east side of the coast range Canadian cascades would have always provided way more runoff than the the inland mountains around the Okanagan, draining all the water east of the Fraiser. The square mileage of drainage would have been huge. The backed up Columbia drainage probably fed into either the Okanagan and/or the Similkameen as well adding even more water. All the benches in the US Okanogan and south down to Wenatchee could have come from the two rivers together.

Love the Jerome videos. He has such a good way of educating his audience just like you do. If he ever does some public lectures I'd love to watch.

Thank you Nick for driving up to the Okanogan and capturing this visit with Jerome. I was taught that the "Okanogan Lobe" of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet came down all the way to Grand Coulee and pushed the Columbia down the Dry Falls, Lenore and Soap Lake channel? Where was the extent of the Okanogan Lobe. I see the Tunk valley as a lake that formed on the side of the Okanogan Lobe. This is water came from local creek flow but it runs into a wall of ice plugging up the Okanogan valley so it forms a lake on the side. Each of the flats in the Tunk are deltas where the sediments from the creek, meets still water forming the steep drop off common to above gradient energetic creeks. For your younger viewers, Brewster Flat (the great terrace) is where NASA established a radio listening post for communication with the Mercury and later manned space programs. When John Glenn orbited Earth in space in 1962 and then attempted reentry into the Atmosphere, a sensor went off that indicated that his heat shield might have slipped. America waited eight minutes while the Mercury Capsule, named Freedom 7, came over the Pacific from the west and dropped through the "Van Allen Belt" that inhibited radio reception. About a third of the population of Earth, listened to "Freedom 7, this is Brewster Flats, do you copy?"Over" multiple times until John Glenn answered and we knew he had not burned up as he entered the atmosphere. The heat shield sensor turned out to be faulty. Freedom 7 landed near Turk Island, in the Atlantic as planned. John Glenn went on to be the oldest astronaut to ever go into space, on the Shuttle Discovery, (1998) after retiring from the Senate at age 77. He said he was never so happy in his life to hear that call from Brewster Flats.

@avenillacastienkersteter8283

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you for reminding all of us that Washington had a part to play in our learning about space. Time blurs what we feeble humans consider “history.” While our Earth’s history is counted in millions and billions of years. We are just a blips on the last few seconds of Earth’s last minute of time. I am almost to retirement age but I keep learning things about this old world of ours and the more research I do the more rabbit holes I want to go down. But I don’t think I will have enough time to discover every thing on my list; it is now about 70’ish pages long single space typed. Oh well maybe the person getting my papers will find my list and take up the research. I can only hope. Nick you opened a new line of research for me because of geology and for that I will forever be greatful. You have brought so many learned scholars on that have pointed me to the right place at the right time. You are one of the professors who I wish had been teaching my geology class. It was so dry and boring that most of the class slept (class was at 7:30 am) and there were just a few of us taking notes. But having a majority of the class needing note’s payed for a higher standard of living for that semester.

Wow, that was really interesting, thanks Nick and Jerome. Lidar is so cool. Even I knew immediately what those ripples were as soon as i saw the pic. it reminds me of why I enjoy B/W photography in that... when you remove the color you are more free to see the form. Lidar removes all the stuff that clutters up the picture so you can see the shape of what's really there.

It's difficult to explain to most people why geology is so fascinating and awe-inspiring. When I see formations like these hidden in plain sight, the hair on the back of my neck stands up

Thank you for all you do to keep us interested in geology in Washington State

Lake Missoula was a 'perfect storm' arrangement where one of the south-moving tongues of ice (Purcell lobe) crossed and blocked a west-flowing river, (the Clark Fork of the Columbia). But you don't have that same geometry in the Okanagan/Okanogon. Here, you have south-flowing rivers, and south-flowing ice lobes. So it's hard to construct a way to have one intercept and block the other to impound a large lake which will eventually breach and contribute to the erosion seen in Washington. Perhaps a fast-moving ice tongue from a side valley blocked drainage as the main Okanagan tongue receded northwards. But 'Where's the Lake?' is my question. No remnant shorelines. No lacustrine clay, no varves. No dropstones. So we have to go with sub-glacial flow which doesn't leave much evidence. The new mega-ripples shown on Lidar are compelling...but could they have been formed by an unusually rapid period of glacial melt which filled the valley with deep runoff?

The effect of heavy snow falls during the Ice Age reached far south of the ice sheet terminations in the northern states of the lower forty-eight, producing glazier cut valleys where no glaziers have existed for thousands of years. I imagine the ice sheets, as they progressed south, over topped mountains and glazier filled valleys, filling in the valleys and then sliding over the top to fill in the next valley, and so on. As the ice sheets receded (they were still moving south, just melting back faster than their southward movement) leaving great depths of ice in those valleys. Eventually exposure of mountain peaks collecting solar heat and rising temperatures could cause melting, water ponding and cutting through mountain peaks thousands of feet above the current valley floors. Alluvial fans, bench's, flats and such could form high on the sides of a glazier filled valley.

@knutanderswik7562

6 ай бұрын

That is a good point, heavy snowfalls may have produced local glaciers, after all a glacier apparently exists in Mt. St. Helens's crater now, it doesn't take long.

Love the interaction between Nick and Jerome!

Jerome raises lots of questions which really need to be answered by further investigations into the structure of the “flats” and other terrace like structures. No guesses as to who will be then one to watch in the future. Thanks Nick for allowing Jerome to open up about his thoughts. Great video! 🐻

There are terraces where I live and it was very interesting to hear Jerome telling of the formation of those in WA. Ours are marine terraces formed by wave action and erosion combined with lifting of the landmass. It took me aback to think of them formed by deposition and then erosion. I'd love to have a beer around the campfire with Nick, Jerome and Skye and just listen to them talk new ideas! Thanks Nick!

@churlburt8485

2 жыл бұрын

count me in.

@thomashart1560

Жыл бұрын

Me 2!

Great outing, guys! Hope you can do more! If you're near Omak, try getting out to "Balancing Rock" near Omak lake. Very cool huge erratic balancing on a smaller rock... The landscape and lidar images of the Columbia river channel from Kettle Falls to the Spokane River look a lot like what you've explored there in the Okanagan. Lots of benches full of rounded river cobble. We even have a huge gravel pit full of river cobbles on the summit of Addy-Gifford road at 2800 ft. Exciting stuff! And don't forget to check out the erratic boulder fields east of Curlew! No other site like it!

I lived in that area for a number of years when I first moved out here. I never gave the landscape a thought other than it was a far cry different from the woods of upstate NY.

I'm not a geologist, but I really enjoy learning about the planet via programs like this one. Thanks to your teaching Nick, I saw the "terraces" and noticed the dips in the road before you and Jerome explained them, and I guessed what the "terraces" were correctly. You taught me to look at the earth with a scientific eye/mind. Many thanks to you and Jerome, and to all the scientists past and present who have contributed to our current understanding of the Earth's processes. It is all pretty darned wonderful. Literally wonder-full.

Love the Okanagan! Great vineyards on our benches. 🇨🇦

Lidar is a useful tool. I'd hoped for more about the talks with Jerome about subglacial water discharge from Canada into the US Okanogan. Here we go! Stay tuned. Thank you Nick and Jerome!

I'm always excited to learn from Jerome and happy to see him in the field! Maybe Jerome can give Nick some contacts and we'll see Nick on Kosmographia!

@markheller8646

2 жыл бұрын

Nick is a whole level above Komodo’s audience which is all good. One is science the other speculation not to be confused. Guess I just like the old man back in Smyrna GA

Great use of the Lidar and great detective work by Jerome. I wish high resolution Lidar was done everywhere. thx nick

Thank you Nick n Jerome. Hope to attend a lecture someday!

it's great to see Jerome and get his veiw.

Never heard of Jerome Lesemann, enjoyed listening to him.

🥳 So nice to see you and listen to you again Jerome🥰 Thanks Nick 😍

Keep up the great work you guys.

Thanks for letting us tag along.

So cool to be on the ground floor with you and Jerome! Loving all the field videos Nick.

outstanding conversation and visuals. Thank you

That was a great field trip. How exciting to be in on potential new theories and research. Beautiful locations as well! Thanks for taking us along.

This has been excellent. Please show more of this area, even up to Orville and Osoyoos on the Canadian side.

Thanks Nick

Fascinating again gentlemen thank you! I look forward to more in this country. I was born just over to the east there in Colville. Spent my childhood roaming the hills of my family cattle ranch on a mountain east side of the Kettle River, just 20 miles from Lake Christina BC. I just love that country.. Now we look to the future with a video of Jerome, Skye Cooley and you Nick!

@j.ericswede7084

2 жыл бұрын

Sounds like Kelly Hill. I used to be a Beekeeper with Joe Holt in Kettle and we had bee yards all over Kelly Hill. It was my favorite place to eat lunch while working. Locations were Anderson, Madsen, Hansen, Dewey Beardsley, Koschutski, etc... Heaven on Earth.

@susanliebermann5721

2 жыл бұрын

Gifford gal, here! Been studying the features along the Columbia and they have all the same characteristics as Nick and Jerome pointed out in the Okanagan...didn't find any ripples on the lidar here though. Lots of "streamlines", especially around Hunters.

Tunnel valley under ice, type of sediment, and uphill water flow in places discussion very interesting, didn't know anything about that.

Fascinating! The volume of deposition is humbling.

Thank you Professor Zentner

Always love learning new thing with you professor. I'm a new viewer and really enjoying your 351 series right now. It's amazing and wish I had you as a teacher in school.

Thanks Nick and Jerome. I so enjoy turning on one of these videos and learning about geology and deep time. Keep up the good work.

Another lucid, informative video. Thanks, Nick and Jerome.

Another great video! in the thumbnail it looks like body cam footage of a Dr. Jerome traffic stop going on,lol 😆

I love watching field geology, I get both the beautiful landscape and the cool science. Also, the little OSHA guy inside me wanted you to be wearing a safety vest when you were beside the road at the end. 😛😶

Jerome has a very interesting project, wonderful like updates as he finds answers. Great video once again Nick, clear and 5x5

This was great

I just love this stuff!

Great job gentleman!! I always enjoy expanding our understanding of our neighborhood. Thank you both!

Thank you for this wonderful informative series.

Nice you again Jerome and you too Nick. Always fun to see you and learn more

Always happy to see there are new ways to see old questions to create new Knowledge in the here and now. Having fun, keep up the good work. Thank you.

Thanks, Nick and Jerome! Cool how clear that Lidar is! Thanks for showing us yet another weapon in our arsenal to find evidence to prove hypotheses! Will look forward to hearing where those rocks in the terraces come from!

Great stuff

Thank you Nick, it's always nice to hear what Jerome has to teach us I really love his intelligence and love for geology.

Under ice river flow uphill was a new thought for me.

Fascinating episode showing the Geomorpholgy of the area with a view using new Remote Sensing via LIDAR. Plus the possible future hypothesis of the history, causes of past events. EXCELLENT!!!

Wow. Simply amazing and exciting new information. Thank you for all the years on the KZread. Information is entertainment.

Loving this!!! I keep jumping the gun and being a very annoying teacher's pet.... every other minute!! You guys are nailing it first timer!!

Appreciate the great photography. I notice you picked a nice place to interview so you get nice wild flowers in the picture and nice view also

I was in that area in June. Great to see some geology that I can actually relate to.

"Not a mega flood" I mean 50 feet deep at 30 ft a second is still a heck of a flood, lol.

Thank you, Nick! This is timely as we are driving out of the North Cascades in four weeks and can check out the Great Terrace where the Okanogan meets the Columbia near Brewster! Always enjoy hearing Jerome’s theories. Best Wishes. Leslie from near Boston.

I think i saw your Mitisbishi Van Near Enderby Last week? At Eby Hand Launch for the Shuswap river...i ve lived here since 1969, luv Nicks Vids and both ur guys expertise, im a hobby Geologist, i have some cool spots i visit often near here. Many questions unanswered about my area,( great divide, Fraser/ Columbia river systems , Enderby Cliffs, Mabel Lake Glacial Eratics etc etc )

The large flat thats was eroded to create that area they are standing on was created when all the material washed out of the valley that Omak lake is in and was all deposited right there during the flood. That material was pushed there with flow out of the columbia up over the omak lake valley (kartar valley). I think it was all part of the event that broke up the lower Okanogan lobe

@thomashart1560

Жыл бұрын

Wassup? They taught you more than me! Good stuff

Thanks for taking us along and sharing this interview and field trip, most interesting. Surprised to see large rounded rocks in soil there. I wouldn't have guessed that to be old flood plain.

As soon as I saw the 1st lidar image i said "Whoa!!!" Imagine that boat ride. Geomorphology always reminds me how impossibly short our lives are and the power of nature & time. Thanks for bringing us out here Nick, you never fail to turn on my imagination in visualizing being there as all these events happen. I drove up hwy 97 through those ripples back in 1997 but like everyone else, I failed to notice them.

So interesting. Thank you.

Well done, Nick.

Yip, Yip, Yahoo... thank you Nick, thank you Jerome.

Large volumes of water came out of the Okanagan and the Columbia. Never knew about the ripples at Omak. Thank you.

Udderly fantastic...

Thanks again Nick. Wonderful area.

You got me hooked, will be in this area July butterflying.

This was awesome, so great to have lidar to see the ripples! Really interesting to hear Jerome’s thoughts. Thank you Nick and Jerome!!

Very interesting content Nick! Thanks.

So interesting learning about my old stomping grounds as a teenager.

very interesting video, at 19:10 where your talking about the benches, could they be the remanence of a land slide coming down from above, where looser material was deposited from either the ice that was there, or another way, with natural erosion scattered around their bases ?

My son lived in Twisp. Before the place burned down I noticed the river rock were at least 150' above the valley below.

Late comment - The ripples can be seen on google maps in the satellite mode. The terrace show up nicely on google maps in the 'terrain' mode.

Amazing stuff! I can tell that lidar changes the whole science of geology.

Thanks again Nick, you and Jerome would have blast here in Central Alberta. Starting 200 meters outside my front door. Our house sits on Moraine near a flood cut(30m) on the Red Deer River . The area here in the City has exposed sandstones ,lens of sand and silt. Kettles , Waves and Flow Channels throughout the area. I wonder if Alberta Geological Service has done any LADIR work here .

At 7:54 I think Jerome is trying to describe Kame Terraces. Like a lower shelf along the side of the hillside and are pretty much equal in height from where you are standing. Sometimes there are a couple of terraces present like along US 97 and southwest of Riverside, WA. Those LIDAR landform maps are fascinating. You can see the ripples left by the water . Better than what google can show . Great information on what happened with the glaciers and meltwater floods here.

Fascinating stuff, thanks for bringing us along! I actually spent a bunch of time listening to the video while panning around inside of Google Earth. If you set the "Elevation Exaggeration" option to "2" in Google Earth, a lot of these escarpments and flats really pop out! Pretty sure I found every spot you filmed from by matching fields, roads, and landforms in the background. ;-) Wish I could share the Google Earth spots here on KZread so that others could "fly" to them and view them in 3d!

Very interesting stuff! Interesting observations and questions, and as Rachel suggests below, Lidar appears to be a very useful tool. I need another lifetime to explore and understand all this…

This is what I've been waiting for... I see evidence all around my area (Trail BC) of once great floods. Glacial til is abundant at 3500 ft.

The Okanagan Country, also known as the Okanagan Valley, is a region located in the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington (where it is spelled the Okanogan Country), defined by the basin of Okanagan Lake and the Okanagan River.

I’m really enjoying these videos lol. The rippled bench up to the 10min mark…. Looks a lot like a dirty silt free of stone, and into my mind jumps the thought that this could be the redistributed Okanagan lake or Similkameen valley glacial silt beds. In part.

Those guys have an interesting job.

Very interesting!

Wow, just learned our house sets on the Great Terrace.

I love these videos. I always learn so much about my home region, and I'm really grateful! Is there a difference between a bench (I live on a bench) and a terrace? Edit: After watching all of the video, I conclude they're synonymous.

Fascinating

Does Jerome really have a right-hand drive car? At first I thought you had your iphone camera settings set to 'mirror.' But the printing on the maps is not reversed.

@herbertbates4655

2 жыл бұрын

It allows him to see roadcut details better when driving. 😉

@apextroll

2 жыл бұрын

I thought the same. It might be originally a mail delivery van.

@midan9447

2 жыл бұрын

Yes, it looks to be a RHD Japanese-market Mitsubishi Delica. Canadian import laws are a little more lax than US ones, allowing imports of foreign market cars 15+ years old while here in the states it is 25+ years old. As a result, it isn't too uncommon to see Japanese market imports in Canada since they can get somewhat newer stuff.

@GaryPaukert

2 жыл бұрын

On a few occasions I had opportunity to drive a right-hand drive minivan from the U.K. in Norway where of course they drive on the right-hand side of the road. It was….a challenge to the brain, to say the least.

Perhaps there is still hope for Jerome, I had given up on him after watching his field trip east of Kelowna, off of Rock Creek Road. But to his credit Vic Baker said he has some odd, (or strange?) ideas. Baker said that on one of Nick’s videos ( I think it was on the north end of the Devil’s Punch Bowl) where Nick just joined up with the group. That particular conversation (Nick & Vic) I found troubling, Nick asked him if there was a possibility (or evidence) for a lot of water coming down the Okanagan Valley out of BC, & Vic flatly dismissed that. Lidar has proven to be a great tool.

@FlyinRyan231

Жыл бұрын

Bretz had some strange ideas too they say, now proven true?

How very fascinating. I have a bit more understanding of what I have seen on my trips to Tonasket. I also have more understanding of how research at the beginning begins to happen. I hope that is as clear as mud. I see it as the process of learning.

The 3 lobes look more like deltas than fans, as you note. I'm not familiar with this region, but by mapping the features and extracting the lidar elevation data, you should be able to test these ideas of lake deltas versus fans. This could be far more helpful than dates (which will have huge errors), or internal architecture, or even provenance (if reworking challenges interpretation). If Nick added an overview map with numbered stops, this video would feel like an informal FOP - but open to everyone!