Nipam Patel (MBL) 1: Patterning the Anterior-Posterior Axis: The Role of Homeotic (Hox) Genes
Ғылым және технология
www.ibiology.org/development-...
Nipam Patel explains the effects of Hox gene deletions and how these phenotypes help us understand the manner in which Hox genes act to control the insect body plan.
Homeotic (Hox) genes are transcription factors that dictate the development and compartmentalization (regionalization) of body parts in animals along the anterior-posterior (head to tail) axis. Using various insects and crustaceans, Dr. Nipam Patel studies how alterations in the expression of Hox genes could explain the evolution of specialized body parts in arthropods. Patel describes the spatially restricted patterns of Hox gene expression, explains the effects of Hox gene deletions, and how these phenotypes help us understand the manner in which Hox genes act to control the insect body plan. Taking a closer look at the pattern of the Hox gene Ultrabithorax (Ubx) in different insects, Patel summarizes the discovery that what drives changes in the number of wings during insect evolution is the not changes in the expression pattern of Ubx, but the regulation of its downstream gene targets
In the second lecture, Patel describes the work of his lab to expand the studies of Hox gene function to other arthropods. Patel describes the development of specialized body parts in crustaceans, and describes the transition between feeding to locomotor appendages. Using the beach hopper, Parhyale, his laboratory, in collaboration with the laboratory of Michalis Averof, showed that Ubx controls the boundary and transition between feeding and locomotor appendages during development.
In his third talk, Patel explores the function of additional Hox genes in the development of crustacean body plans. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, his laboratory has characterized the expression and function of six of the nine Hox genes in Parhyale, and describes the combinatorial role of Ubx, abdA, and AbdB in the development of specialized appendages in this species, and how changes in the regulation of abdA is responsible for several morphological transitions during crustacean evolution.
Speaker Biography:
Nipam Patel is the Director of the Marine Biological Lab (Woods Hole) and a Professor at the University of Chicago. He obtained his bachelor’s degree in Biology from Princeton University in 1984, and completed his doctoral degree in Biological Sciences at Stanford University in 1990. His interest towards developmental biology started when he was studying the development of chicks in high school. Today, his laboratory studies the genes involved in the evolution and development of segmentation and regionalization of the body plan. Specifically, he is interested in the role of homeotic (Hox) genes in generating body plan diversification in crustaceans, and the development of nanostructures that create structural colors in butterflies.
Patel was a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator from 2003 to 2010, and is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2008).
Learn more about Patel’s research at his lab website: www.patellab.net/
Пікірлер: 26
Excelent work. I could finally understand how the hox genes expression works
@fernsader9261
4 жыл бұрын
Agustín .López Ortiz how does it work?
Awesome talk and awesome science
excellent lecture !
Nice work, keep it going, carry on...
Thank you sir
A must read: "Endless Forms Most Beautiful: The New Science of Evo Devo" by Sean B. Carrol (Prof. Nipam Patel is cited too)
@patldennis
3 жыл бұрын
He gets a mention in Neil Shubin's "Some Assembly Required.." as well
thank you!
Thank you!
Iam trying to figure out how to get an embryo to grow wings and gills.
couldn't understand if the ancestor with Ubx expression at T3 had the downstream targets for the morphology of the wing, or instead for the morphology of the haltere. And how could one conclude the ancestor had one or the other, since the ancestor is gone.
Awesome lecture. You are exciting brazilian students!!
@HansChucrute88
Жыл бұрын
And a young Historian (Teacher/Researcher). in love since early age with Astronomy, Anthropology, Archeology, Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Xenobiology(Could be the sum of them all). It's suck's to have to choose only one path of study, I LOVE them all. It really sucks having only one short life. The universe, from far way stars, to microorganism and subatomic particles its all too interesting and beautiful. Hope i can live until my 90s with a healthy mind. Greetings from Curitiba, Brazil.
Can I get the Power Point Presentation of this lecture....?????
@fernsader9261
4 жыл бұрын
The Sushil Mulodia no
Why does the embryo die? Because of the missing A1?
12:50 The genes are arranged on the chromosome in the same sequence as their expression from anterior to posterior? Wow. That is so elegant that it is unlikely to be a coincidence.
@richardwu9013
4 жыл бұрын
That's the debate... Can evolution truly produce such elegant forms or not? Perhaps it is too late to tell, we cannot travel back in time. What I believe is the middle ground, that we cannot know whether there is an intelligent designer or not
@patldennis
4 жыл бұрын
It's a consequence of the mechanism of recombination that is responsible fir duplicating the gene. Not evidence for the supernatural. There are a few species that have split their Hox clusters through recombination, and do just fine
@fontexstudios
2 жыл бұрын
if the pattern formation starts from anterior to posterior (which I did not yet understand if that is the case or instead if segments are all formed at the same times) then there must be inhibitors or methylated promotors presumably at the hox downstream genes, and once segmentation continues from anterior to posterior end, the closest hox genes which had methylated promotors are demethylated and become active. Maybe there is a gradient from anterior to posterior ends that favor the degree of methylation or any other kind of inhibition of genes within the length of the chromosome.
In slide at min 20:31is not a haltere disk, is a third leg disk. Everything else is perfect.
@IlanTarabula
4 жыл бұрын
this is the same disk because the halteres are located on the same segments
A very lucid talk.
Poor mice :(
miserableness