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Blast Injury@0:11
 Bomb is a container filled with an explosive mixture and missiles
 Explosives -Trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) or Trotyl
 1 kg of TNT, for example, produces a gas volume of 7800 L in few microseconds
 Pressure of up to 1,000 tons per sq. inch. can be generated
Pressure of 700 kilopascals (100 lb/sq inch)  Tissue damage in humans
Blast Injury Components@2:33
Primary Blast Injury - Blast Wave
Secondary Blast Injury - Injury by Bomb Objects
Tertiary Blast Injury - Bodily Displacement
Quaternary Blast Injury - Burns
Blast Wave @4:50
Forms the Primary Blast Wave
 Passes through the body of the person
 There is barotrauma to air filled hollow organs
1. Tympanic membrane (ear drum) is most sensitive and most commonly injured
2. Lung is the second organ to be injured (commonly injured hollow organ & Fatal)
3. Gastrointestinal Tract is injured most common (Under Water Blast)
Flying Objects/Projectiles/Missiles @6:15
Secondary Blast Injury
It Produces - Abrasions , Contusions & Lacerations [Called as Marshalls Triad]
 Lacerations is diagnostic of Explosive Injury
Victim Displacement @7:02
Tertiary Blast Injury
 Injuries from Blast Wind that can throw victims against solid objects
 Combination of blunt and penetrating trauma
 Bone Fractures and Coup Contre-coup Injuries.
 Children are at particular risk because of their lesser weight.
Miscellaneous @7:48
Quaternary Blast Injury
 Injuries not included in the first three categories.
 Building can go to collapse - Traumatic Asphyxia
 Fire- Burns (Fatal)
 These include flash burns, crush injuries, fall resulting from explosion
 Respiratory Injuries - Toxic dust, Gas or Radiation Exposure
Underwater Blast@8:43
 The physical changes are similar to those of explosion in air
 Injuries occur mostly in gastrointestinal tract and less commonly in lungs
 Lung injury is due to pressure transmitted from abdomen through diaphragm.
Depends on level of head in water
 Head below the water level  Tympanic Membrane ruptures
 Head above the water level  GIT Injury
Solid Blast @9:50
 Refers to a wave of energy that spreads through a rigid structure
 Explosion occurs on other side of solid structure, energy transfer into the person
 The injuries are mostly skeletal.
 Fractures of legs and vertebral column are more common
 Gastrointestinal damage is more common than lung damage
 In some cases, death may occur without any external injury